初中英语知识点(共34页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上七上1. Whats her family name? (P5) family name= last name 姓 first name = given name 名姓名顺序：英美人的名在前，姓在后。如：Jim Green中，Jim 是first name/ given name, Green是family name/ last name;中国人的姓在前，名在后。(1）单姓单名：姓与名的首字母分别大写。如：Li Ping(2 ) 单姓双名：名的双字写在一起，只大写第一个名的首字母。如：Yang Liwei(3 ) 复姓：把复姓写在一起，只大写第一个字母。如：Zhuge

2、 Liangfamily(家庭)、class（班级），作主语，谓语用单数形式。family(家庭成员)、class（同学们），作主语，谓语用复数形式。如：My family were eating dinner when uncle Li came in. I have a family, the family is a happy one.2. Thanks for the photo of your family. (P 17)Thanks = Thank you Thanks a lot = Thank you very much.= Many thanks.Thanks for sth

3、./doing sth. 谢谢你 Thanks for your help. Thanks for helping me with my English.Thanks to多亏，由于 Thanks to trees and flowers, our school is becoming more and more beautiful.a photo of mine 我的一张照片 a photo of me 一张我本人的照片3. Here is my family photo. ( P17)以here, there等副词开头的句子，主谓倒装。（主语为代词时则不倒装）如：Here comes th

4、e bus. Here is your pen. Here you are.=Here it is. Not only have I been to Beijing, but also I have been to Taiyuan.4. Please take these things to your brother. Can you bring some things to school?(P23)take:把东西从此处带走。 bring:把东西由别处带来。 fetch/get：去把东西带来(go and bring) carry:携带，搬运（无方向性）some和any都可以修饰可数名词复数

5、和不可数名词。区别如下： some用于肯定句中，如果用于疑问句，则表示希望得到肯定的回答或表示诚意。any用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句，如果用在肯定句则表示“任何一个”的意思。5. That sounds good.(P27)系动词后用形容词作表语。sound/seem/look/become/get/turn/taste/feel/smell/touch+adj.sound:声音的总称。 noise:噪音 voice:嗓音6. Do you like bananas?(P31)like sb. to do sth. like sb. not to do sth. 以此类推：want,te

6、ll,teach,ask,like doing sth.:一贯性喜欢做某事，经常性喜欢做某事 like to do sth. 具体某一次喜欢做某事like v. 喜欢 prep.介词 像一样7. How much is this T-shirt? (P41)How much is/are? 多少钱？ Its/TheyreHow much 修饰不可数名词；How many 修饰可数名词复数 它们都是“多少”的意思。8. Can I help you? (P43)售货员招呼顾客：Can I help you?=What can I do for you?=May I help you?顾客告诉售货

7、员：Yes, please. I want to buy/Im looking for/Id like to buy 或者：No, thanks. I only have a look.询问顾客想买东西的特征：What color/size/kind do you want?向顾客推荐商品：What/How about this one? This one is cheap and nice.顾客询问价格：How much is/are？ How much does it cost? Whats the price of it?买卖达成：Ill take/have/buy/get it.9.

8、When is your birthday? How old are you?(P49)询问年龄：How old are you? Whats your age?回答年龄：主语+be+数词 （+years old）He is an eight-year-old boy.= He is eight years old.how old, how often, how soon, how far, how long, how many, how much, how many times,10. I want to see an action movie. (P53)want sth. want to

9、 do sth. want sb. to do sth. want sb. not to do sth.look:发生看的动作 look at 看 see:看见没有的结果 listen:发生听的动作 listen to 听 hear:听见没有的结果watch: 强调观看运动着的事物或影像。如：看电视，看比赛，看电影，看表演等 read: 阅读，朗读 如：看书，看报，看信，看杂志，看地图11. Can you play the guitar? (P 59)can, may, must, need是情态动词，后面必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语。play the + 乐器 play +球/棋/牌类12.

10、What a funny time to eat breakfast! (P67)感叹句：How + adj./adv. （+ 主语+谓语）！ 如：How hard he works!What a/an + adj. +名词单数（+ 主语+谓语）！ What + adj. +名词复数（+ 主语+谓语）！ What + adj. +不可数名词（+ 主语+谓语）！如：What bad weather/music/news/water/advice it is!七年级下册英语复习笔记Unit 1 Wheres your pen pal from?一Where +be+主语+from?=Where +

11、do/does+主语+come from?Where are you from?=Where do you come from?Be from = come from联系动词 实义动词例：Stone is come from China.() 注：be动词与实义动词永远不能连用。二.国家 国人 国人复数 语言 首都(the people Republics of China ) (P. R. C.)Chinese Chinese Chinese Chinese BeijingCanada Canadian Canadians English, French OttawaFrance Frenc

12、h Frenchmen French ParisJapan Japanese Japanese Japanese Tokyo(the United States of America )(U.S.A.) America American Americans English Washington.D.C.（theunited Kingdom） England Englishman Englishmen English LondonAustralia Australian Australians English Canberra三Where does he live? He lives in Be

13、ijing.Where对地点提问的秘诀是：一定，二改，三组合一定，确定疑问词Where二改，将原句改为一般疑问句，将第一人称改为第二人称三组合，把前面的部分及后面部分组合例：I live in Kunming(画线提问) Where do you from?Live是一个不及物动词及物动词后可以直接加宾语，不需要加任何介词。不及物动词后不可以直接加宾语，但可以单独使用。如果想要加宾语，需要加上介词。 四. What language does she speak? Speak:既可以做及物动词，也可以做不及物动词。翻译为“说，”做及物动词时，只能接某种语言做宾语。 例：1. He speaks

14、 (vt) English. 2 .Mr stone is speaking. (vi)Speak to sb 和某人 Say: 翻译为“说，述说”用系统语言表达自己的想法，后面必须跟说话的内容，宾语只能是话语，而不能是人。例：He says he is a boy. Tell: 翻译为“告诉，讲述。”尤其用在讲故事，讲笑话（tell stories/jocks） Tell sb sth (告诉某人某事) tell sb to do sth(告诉某人做某事) 例：My mother tells me to study well. Talk: 翻译为“交谈，谈论。”后面常跟to, with表示与

15、某人谈话。如果跟about, of表示谈话的内容。 Talk to sb=talk with sb和某人谈话 Talk about sth=talk of sth谈论某事五.interesting与interested interesting :指事情本身有趣，意为“有趣的，令人感兴趣的”厂子句中作定语，表语。 Interested：指人对感兴趣（be interested） 例句：This is an interesting story. I am interested in learning English.六.a little 和 littleA little:修饰不可数名词，表示肯定含

16、义，意为“有一些，少量” 如：There is little water in Mr. Stones cupLittle: 修饰不可数名词,表示肯定，翻译为几乎没有。 如:I know little Japanese拓展：Many+可数名词复数 eg：Many books Much+不可数名词 eg: Much money Some+可数名词/不可数名词 eg：Some book/water A lot of +可数名词/不可数名词七.I like gong to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 1 2 3 1.like doing

17、 sth:喜欢干某事，表示个人兴趣爱好，经常性的动作。 Eg: I like playing football Like to do sth:表示想去做某事，表示最近想去干某事。2.去看电影 Go to the movies Go to a movie Go to the cinema Go to see a movie3.and 和with And连接两个主语，通常放在句首，其谓语动词复数。（连词） with为介词，后面跟名词或代词的宾格，通常放在句末。 Eg: He and I are both students He lives in China with his parents.Uni

18、t one 重点词组1.pen pal 笔友2.speak English讲英语3. be from=come from来自4.on weekends在周末5.write to do 给某人写信5.live in 居住7.a little一些8.likes and dislikes喜欢/不喜欢9.like doing sth喜欢做某事10.like to do sth想去做某事11. tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事12.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做某事13. talk to/with sth 1和某人谈话4.talk of /about sth 谈论某

19、事15. be interesting in对感兴趣16.go to the movies=go to the cinema =go to see a film 去看电影17.hear from sb收到某人来信Unit 2 Wheres the post office?一语言目标：问路，指路问路的常用句型：Excuse me：1.Wheres the post office? 2.Is there a post office near here?3.Which is the way to the post office?4.Could you tell me how to get to th

20、e post office?5.Could you tell me how can I get to the post office? 6.Could you tell me where the post office? (特殊疑问句跟在宾语从句后，其语句用用陈述句语序) 二Is there a bank near here? There be 句型:表示某地有某物，表示客观存在。 否定形式只需在there be + not Eg: There isnt any water in the cap. 疑问句：Be + there + 其他 Eg: Is there a zoo near hear

21、? have/has:表示某人有某物 从属关系 Eg: We have a bed in the room? 如果后接门牌号，用介词at Eg: He lives at 88 Hua Xing street. 在街道上，in the street英国人用法 ,on the street美国人用法。Eg: He lives in/on the street.In the neighborhood of 在的附近三Just go straight and turn left.指路常用句型：1. Walk on and turn left2.It is +介词+地点3.Its about +(具体数

22、字)meters from here4. Take the second turning/crossing on the right5. Turn right/left at the second turning.四1谢谢的说法1. Thank you very much.2. Thanks a lot.3. Thanks4. Many thank.5. Thanks a million.回答谢谢：1.Thats all right.2.Youre welcome.3.Not at all.4.Anytime5.Dont mention it6.It s my pleasureWelcome

23、to+地点 表示欢迎来到某地Enjoy 后加 doing sthTake a walk五 Through ,across,over(穿过，通过)1. Through：表示从中间穿过，通过。强调动作在里面进行。Eg Mr. Stone walks through the park.2. across:表示动作在某一物体表面进行Eg：We walk across the road.3.over:多指在空间范围上通过，越过或垂直在上，与表面不接触。Eg：The birds fly over the city.六With与in“用”In：强调使用的或颜色In+语言In+颜色 （表示某人穿什么颜色的衣服

24、）Have fun=have a good time =enjoy oneselfHave fun doing sthBe busy doing 忙于某事七方位介词1.next to 在旁边2.in front of内部in the front of 外部 在前面3.Between and两者之间4.behind 在后面5.across from6.over在之上八. I know you are arriving next Sunday1.are arriving 用进行时表将来时表示位置移动的词（go, come, leave, arrive）通常用现在进行时表一般将来时。2.arrive

25、,get to, reach(到达)arrive不及物动词，后要加at/in 后要加地点名词get to:经常用于口语中reach:及物动词，后直接加地点名词Eg: arrive in Beijing =get to Beijing =reach BeijingUnit 2 重点词组1. in front of / in the front of在前面2. Turn right/left向左/右转3. go straight向前直走4. across from在对面5. Between and在两者之间6. the beginning of的开始7. take a taxi=by taxi打车

26、8. on ones way to在某人去某地的路上9. In the neighborhood在附近10.take a walk散步11.go through穿过12.next to紧挨13.have fun=enjoy oneself=have a good time玩得开心，过得愉快14.let sb do sth让某人做某事15.arrive in/at=get to到达16.be busy with sth忙于某事17.be busy in doing sth忙于做某事18.take a look at= have a look at看19.take your time 不要急20.

27、take off脱掉21.enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事22.on the road=in the road在路上Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?一Lets see the pandas first.1. Lets let us Let s后加动词原形 Let sb do sth让某人做某事注：let 后面用人称代词作宾语，用宾格形式。2.提出建议的其他表达方式1. Lets do2. Shall weEg：Shall we go shopping.3.Hou/What about怎么样？Eg：What about going shopping?4.Why

28、 notWhy not后加动词原形Eg：Why not have a rest?二Why与how come均表示为什么，但在完整问句中，有所差别Why后面必须接倒装语序，而how come后不须接倒装句型，即how come+主语+动词。Eg：Why is Mr. Stone cryingHow come Mr. Stone is crying?三1.kind of 有一点=a little2.a kind of一种3.all kinds of各种各样4.kind 和蔼例：Its very kind of you.你真好。四Do you like giraffes?1. like(vt):喜欢

29、，愿意，想要。2. like+n. 喜欢做某事Eg：I like music I like children3.like to do sth 想做某事 （表示一lik次性的，未发生的动作）Eg：I like to take with you tonight4. like sb to do sthEg：I like student to tell truth.5.would like to do sth 希望做某事Eg：I would like to go there6.like doing sth喜欢做某事（长期习惯性的动作，尤其指个人爱好）Eg：I like reading in bed7.

30、How do you like sth?你觉得怎么样？Eg：How do you like China? Like 还可以做形容词adj（相像的），介词prep(像)，连词conj（如同）。Eg: The twins are very like (adj.)Like father, like son (prep.)Do it like I tell you (conj)区别：be friendly with sb 和某人关系好 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 be+数词+years old 某人多大了other:表示其他的。后常跟复数如果other与表示数量意义的词一起作定语，

31、必须位于数量词之后。五Isnt he cute?否定疑问句，常用来表示反问。翻译为“难到不？”Eg：Cant you play football?回答否定疑问句，常用yes/no.但这时yes翻译为“不”,no翻译为“是的”。Eg：-Doesnt he have a brother?-Yes, he does不，他有。-No, he doesnt 是的，他没有。六He sleeps during the day.go to bed 和 sleepgo to bed指上床睡觉，强调从脱衣服到上床这一动作，表示准备睡觉，不含睡着的意思。Sleep指睡觉，睡觉的全过程，用于现在进行时态中，表示正在睡

32、觉。Eg：Its time to bedMy mother is sleeping相关词组：go to sleep入睡，想方设法入睡=Fell asleep入睡，强调状态。 Sleepless失眠的 Sleepwalker梦游者 Sleepy困倦的Unit 4重点词组1.be from=come from2.kind of=a little3.all kinds of4.be quiet5.during the day6.get up7.play with8.be friendly with sb 和某人关系好9.be friendly to sb 对某人友好10.like doing sth

33、11.like to do sth12.like sb to do sth13.go to bed14.fall asleep=go to sleepUnit 4 I want to be an actor一询问职业的方式1.What do you do?2.Whats your job?3.What are you?4.Whats your work?5.Whats your occupation?二名词所有格定义：英语名词可以加“s”来表示所有关系。如果该名词本身是以s结尾的复数形式，其名词所有格只需要加“ ”.用法：1.表示有生命的东西的名词或表示时间、国家、城镇、机构等名词构成所有格，

34、通常加s.Eg：1. the teachers desk 2.todays newspaper3.womens day 4.Chinas culture 中国文化 2.并列名次各自的所有格，在每个名词后加s,；表示几个名词共有的则在最后一个名词后加s.Give sb sth=give sth to sbGet from 从取得介词后通常跟宾格形式。Put on强调动作Wear强调状态三Sometimes, some times ,sometime some time1.sometimes译为有时，表示频率和频度的副词。He sometimes writes to me.2.some times

35、：名词短语，意为“几次，几倍”I have been to Beijing some times.3.sometime副词，意为“某个时候”经常用在将来时当中.I will go to see a doctor sometime tomorrow.4.Some time：名词短语，意为一段时间，此时的time是不可数名词，翻译为时间。Ill stay in China for some time三Problem和question1.problem指疑难或难以解决的问题，如数学，人口，环境污染问题，以及令人困惑的是或情况等。Eg：Can you work out this math proble

36、m? 你会做这道数学题吗？2Question多只要求回答的问题Eg：Mr. yang likes to ask all kinds of question辨析: in hospital住院 In the hospital在医院 At table进餐吃饭 At the table在桌子旁边 Go to school去上学 Go to the school到学校去 Job:可数名词，指具体某项工作，多指雇佣的、招聘的、有报酬的工作 Work:不可数名词，主要指脑力和体力劳动，表示抽象活动四We have a job for you as a waiterAs:1.prep.介词：作为，当作。Eg：

37、Mr. Stone works in Yilin as an English teacher2. conj:连词：像一样 Eg:English is as easy as Chinese 英语像汉语一样简单。3Conj连词：按照Eg：He does as his mother says他按照他妈妈说的去做Call sb at+电话号码 给某人打电话五 We need an actor today!1.need n.需要，必要2.need v.（1）人+ need+ to do sth 需要做某事Eg;I need to have a rest（2）人/物+ need + doing sth 应

38、该做某事Eg: The room needs cleanng.3.need情态动词，后加动词原形Eg: I need go home to see my motherUnit 4 重点词组1.shop assistant店员2. bank clerk银行职员3.in the restaurant在饭店4.go out外出5.TV station电视台6.in/during the day在白天7.work with和某人一起工作8.at night在晚上9.in the evening在傍晚10. talk to/with sb和某人说话11.in hospital住院12.in the ho

39、spital在医院里13. ask sb sth和某人说要某物14.give sb sth=give sth to sb给某人某物15.work late工作很晚16.want sb to do sth想要某人做某事17.get from从得到18.want to do sth=would like to do sth 常用于口语19.get back回来20.get up起床21.get on上车22.get off下车23.need doing sth24.need to do sthUnit 5 Im watching TV 八种时态： 两种一般时：一般现在时、一般过去时 两种完成时：现

40、在完成时、过去完成时 两种将来时：一般将来时，过去将来时 两种进行时：现在进行时、过去进行时一现在进行时1)定义：表示现在进行或发生的动作，还可以表示前一段时间的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（现在进行时经常与时间状语now连用或用在look! Listen!引出的句子中）2)构成：主语+be(am.ia.are)+动词的现在分词（doing）3)用法：1.表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作 如：Hes running. 2.表示位置移动的动词，如：come、 go 、arrive 、arrive、 fly 等通常用现在时表示一般将来时。 Eg：Im leaving for Beijing next

41、week下周我将要去北京4)现在分词构成1.一般情况下在动词后直接加s2.以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加ing3.以重读闭音节结尾的并且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母，再加ing.4.以辅音字母结尾的重读音节叫做闭音节。二watch、look 、ee 与read区别1.watch译为观看、注视，指长时间观看某一活动的场面，如看电视、看比赛等。例：watch a football match watch sb 观察，注视某人2. look:强调看的动作，不强调结果，是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，必须加介词at例：Look at the blackboard ,please3.see:

42、强调看的结果，是及物动词，后面可以直接跟宾语Eg：Can you see the clouds in the sky?See sb do sth 看见某人干某事的全过程See sb doing sth 看见某人正在干某事4.read:译为看，读，其宾语常为报纸、书、杂志等例;Hes reading a book三At ,in, ona)in在一天当中的早晨、上午、下午、晚上或年、季节、月前用inin summer in the morning in May in 2008b)on指具体到某一天上午、下午、晚上用onon Saturdayc)at通常用在时刻前 the photo of me 一

43、张我的照片 the photo of mine我的一张照片Unit 5 重点词组1.do homework做作业2.watch TV看电视3.eat dinner吃晚饭4.play basketball打篮球5.wait for等待6.talk on the photo通过电话通话7.talk to sb=talk with sb 和某人谈话8.talk of/about sth谈论某事9.read books读书10.TV show电视节目11.go to the films/movies=go to the cinema =go to see a film=go to a movie/fi

44、lm去看电影Unit 6 Its raining一、Hows the weather in Shanghai?1.Hows the weather?加地点2. Whats the weather like? 加地点3.考点：weather 不可数名词 n.天气（同音词whether=if是否）例题：What D fine weather(day)!A.aB.anC.theD./感叹句构成：what + adj+名词+主语+谓语cook 1.v.烹调 及物动词 2.n.厨师Cooker厨具例：I cook breatfast by myself every morningPretty:1.adj.漂亮的=beautiful Sh