人教版八年级上册英语知识点总结(共52页).docx
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上人教版八年级上册英语知识点总结 人教版八年级上册英语知识点总结Unit 1 Will people have robots?人类将会拥有机器人吗?一般将来时。1.由“Will/Shall+动词原形” 构成的一般将来时.系动词 am、 is、 are 的原形都是 be.如: It willbe very hot tomorrow. Shall 适用于第一人称 I、 We; Will 适用于所有人称, 通常可以用will 来代替 shall. Will、 Shall 均可缩写为ll.如 I will=Ill; she will=shell.否定句形式: willnot=w
2、ont, shall not=shant .2.与一般将来时连用的时间状语有: tomorrow、 the day after tomorrow、 next week、 soon、 inthe future、 in three days、 some day.3.There be 句型中的一般将来时。There will be+名词+其他成分 如: There will be fewer cars.yo4.形容词 more、 fewer、 和 less 的用法。More 更多的 原形 many 和 much. 修饰 C 复数或 U.Fewer 更少的 原形 few. 修饰 C 复数。Less 更
3、少的 原形 little. 修饰 U.Unit2 What should I do?我应该做什么?1.情态动词 should.Should 和 can、 may、 must 等情态动词一样, 无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形, 能独立构成疑问句和否定句。如: Who should pay the taxes? You shouldnt play football in the street.2.情态动词 could.单独的情态动词, 表“能, 可以” 。用来提供建议, 后跟动词原形.它和 should 都用来提供建议。如: -I will take part in a party tomorr
4、ow night, but my clothes are out of style. I need somemoney to buy some clothes in style. What should I do?-You could borrow some money from your friends.-No, I dont like to do that.-Then you should get a part-time job and make some money.3.提建议。1 You should/could +do 你应该/可以2 Why not +do? 为什么不 ? 做怎么样
5、?3 Why dont you +do? 你为什么不 ?4 What/How about +doing ? 如何?Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?当飞碟到达的时候你在干什么?过去进行时。1. 过去进行时表在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作.是由“was/were+现在分词” 构成。was 用于第一、 三人称单数, were 用于其他人称。与过去进行时连用的过去时间状语有: at this/that time、 yesterday morning、 at that moment、 at 10 oclock lastnig
6、ht 等。2. 过去进行时还可表在过去某个时间即将发生的动作.主要限于 come、 go、 leave、 meet、arrive、 take off等动词。3. 判断句子是否用过去进行时。1 根据时间状语判断: at eight/ten oclock last night、 at this/that time yesterday、 at ten yesterdayevening、 from 7 to 10 yesterday evening 等。2 根据 when或 while 引导的状语从句判断, 如: I was reading the newspaper when my father g
7、othome。3 根据上下文的意思判断, 如: Last night, I was watching TV. Suddenly(突然) the light was out.4. when 与 while 在过去进行时中的句型结构.(1) when 的用法:1 when 从句(一般过去时)+主句(过去进行时)动作: fell into the sea、 fishing.例句: When one of them fell into the sea, the boys were fishing.意义: 主句动作正在进行过程中, 又发生从句动作。2 when 从句(过去进行时) +主句(一般现在时)动
8、作: walking、 dropped down to.例句: When I was walking in the park, my wallet dropped down to the ground.意义: 从句动作正在进行时, 又有主句动作发生。(2) while 的用法:1 while 从句(过去进行时) +主句(一般现在时)动作: watching、 began to rain.例句: While I was watching the football game, it began to rain.意义: 从句动作正在进行时, 又发生主句动作。2 While 从句(过去进行时) +主句
9、(过去进行时)动作: washing、 cooking.例句: While Dad was washing his car, Mum was cooking.意义: 从句动作正在进行的同时, 主句动作也在进行中。5. 特别提示.When 引导的从句既可表某一点时间, 后接瞬间性动词(when 句型1 ); 又可表某一段时间,后接延续性动词。也就是说:当指一段时间时, when 可用 while 代替; 但当指一点时间时, when不能用 while 代替。如:When we arrived in shanghai, it was just eight oclock.(when 指一点时间)Wh
10、en/while we were watching TV, he came in.(when 与 while 指一段时间)! 注意: while ()we arrived in shanghaiUnit4 He said I was hard-working.他说我工作很努力。直接引语和间接引语。1. 含义: 引述别人的话时, 采用两种方式: 一是引用别人的原话, 两边用引号标出, 称为直接引语; 二是用自己的语言转述别人的话, 称为间接引语.引述或转述要由动词来承担,有: say、 tell、 ask、 think、 write 等。2. 直接引语变间接引语的方法。(1) 从句人称的变化。1
11、 直接引语的主语是第一人称变化时要和主句的主语保持一致。2 直接引语的主语是第二人称变化时要与主句的宾语保持一致。3 直接引语的主语是第三人称变化时人称不变。如:They said, “We will go there by bus.” They said they would go there by bus.She said to me,“Are you interested in science?” She asked me if I was interested in science.His mother told me that he couldnt go to school.(2)
12、从句动词时态的变化。1 主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时, 直接引语变化时, 从句时态保持一致。如:He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he has finished his homework.She will say, “Ill do it tomorrow.” She will say that shell do it the next day.2 主句的时态是一般过去时, 从句的时态要作相应的变化, 即:1 一般现在时一般过去时。2 一般过去时过去完成时。3 现在进行时过去进行时。4 现在完成时过去完成时。5
13、过去完成时过去完成时(不变)。6 一般将来时过去将来时. 如:The girl said, “Im sorry for being late for class.” The girl said that she was sorry for beinglate for class.He said to me, “I am writing a letter.” He told me that he was writing a letter.(3) 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理, 变化时, 从句时态不变. 如:The teacher said, “The earth moves around the
14、 sun.” The teacher said that the earth movesaround the sun.3. 指示代词、 时间状语、 地点状语和动词的变化.(1) 指示代词变化: thisthat. thesethose 等.(2) 时间状语变化: nowthen. todaythat day. yesterdaythe day before.tomorrowthe next day 等.(3) 地点状语变化: herethere.(4) 动词变化: comego. 如:She said, “I will come this evening.” She said that she
15、 would go that evening.He said,“My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” He said that his sisterhad been there three days before, but she was not there then.4. 间接引语的语序及引导词。直接引语变化时, 间接引语应用陈述句语序.直接引语如是陈述句, 主句与从句之间用 that引导, 有时可省略; 如是特殊疑问句, 主句与从句之间就用原来的疑问词引导; 如是一般疑问句, 主句与从句之间用 if或 wh
16、ether 引导。如:My teacher said, “I come from shanghai.” My teacher said that he came from shanghai.He asked me, “Where do you come from?” He asked me where I came from.I asked her, “Did you watch the game yesterday?” I asked her whether she had watched thegame the day before.Unit5 If you go to the party
17、 youll have a great time!如果你去参加晚会你会玩得很开心的。If引导的条件状语从句。1. 含义与结构。If意为“如果”, 可用来引导条件状语从句.条件状语从句属于复合句, 从句表主句动作发生的前提或条件.if 引导的从句在句中的位置比较灵活, 可放在主句之前(这时要和主句用逗号隔开), 也可放在句子的后面(不使用逗号) .其结构: If+陈述句, 主句+谓语=主语+谓语+if+陈述句。意为“如果, 就” .如:If you ask him, he will help you.2. 用法.(1)条件状语从句通常由连词 if引导, 意为“如果、 假如” .主句不能用 be
18、going to 表将来,而应该用 shall、 will.1 If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.()2 If you leave now, you will never regret it. ( )(3) if 引导条件状语从句, 主句用一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时(主将从现) . 注意宾语从句中的 if 与条件状语从句 if 的区别. 宾语从句中的 if“是否” 相当于 whether, 引导宾语从句, 时态需根据语境确定. 如:I don t know if it will rain tomorrow.Unit6 Ho
19、w long have you been collecting shells?现在完成进行时的用法。1. 概念及构成。现在完成进行时表从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作, 而且还要继续下去, 其结构: 助动词+have/has been+动词 ing. 现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词, 如: live、 learn、study、 work 等. 常与 for tow hours、 since 1996、 all this morning、 these few days等表示一段时间的状语连用。如:I have been cleaning the room all this morning.
20、我今天一上午都在打扫房间.I ve been studying English since I was 4 years old. 自从 4 岁起我就一直学英语.2. 现在完成进行时的句型.(1) 肯定句: 主句+have/has been+动词 ing+其他. 如:I have been learning English for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了.I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮.(2) 否定句: 主语+have/has +not +been+动词 ing+其他. 如
21、:I haven t been seeing films for a long time. 我有很长时间没有看电视了.I haven t been doing my homework since eight o clock. 从 8 点钟我就一直没做作业.(3) 一般疑问句: Have/Has+主语+been+动词 ing+其他?肯定回答: Yes, 主语+have/has. 否定回答: No, 主语+haven t/hasn t. 如:Have you been doing your homework since this morning?从今天早上你就一直在写作业吗?Yes, I have
22、.Has he been writing the letters to his friend?他一直在给他的朋友写信吗?No, he hasn t.(4) 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? 如:How long has it been raining? 雨下多久了?What book have you been reading recently? 最近你在看什么书?3. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别.(1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成, 而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行. 如:I have read a book about birds. (已经读完)I have been re
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