高中英语从句语法总复习(共9页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上定语从句 常考知识在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。通过从句的意思判断先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that等和关系副词where，when，why等。一、非限制性定语从句 记：有逗号的从句，连接词一定不用that。典型例题They will fly to Washington,_ they plan to stay for two or three days. A.where B.thereC.whichD.when 二、关系代词who，whom，whose引导的定语从句这类定语从句中，

2、who在从句中用作主语，whom从句中用作宾语，whose从句中用作定语注意：Whose既可代表人，也可代表物eg：Do you see the house whose windows are all broken?三、关系代词that和which引导的定语从句1、只能用which的情况（1）介词+which（2）非限制性定语从句 2、只能用that的情况（1）先行词为不定代词（all，nothing，much等）（2）两个the：先行词为序数词和最高级（3）人和物同时做先行词时（4）先行词被the only，the very修饰时3、“介词+which/whom”中介词的选择关系代词前的介词

3、使用时根据与名词前面的动词搭配关系和介词的搭配关系及句子结构上的需要而定。eg：Well never forget the day on which we went camping. 四、关系副词when，where，why引导的定语从句1、when，where，why=介词+which，有时为表达清楚，还可在关系副词where、when前加介词from，to。 Reason Why= reason for which2、关系副词和关系代词的比较 记：从句的句子是完整的连接词一定用关系副词 3、高考对关系副词where的考查高考中对where的考查趋于复杂，先行词由“明显的地点”转为“地点的模

4、糊化”。Where不能只理解为表地点，当先行词表示某人/物的处境（situation），或某事所发展的阶段，或表达某事的某个方面（part，point）时都可用where这个关系副词。例词：Place地点 Case案例 Situation形势 Point点 Top顶点 Position地位 Stage阶段 Occasion场合 Aspect方面. 五、关系代词as，which的区别As主要用于asas；the same as；such as等结构中。译为“正如”。as 引导非限制性的定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，而which均可。eg：The meeting,which was held in

5、the park,was a success.eg：The meeting was a success,as was expected.典型例题（1）My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it （2）The Beatles，_ many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool. A.whatB.thatC.howD.as 六、way的特殊用法The way that/which/不填 he e

6、xplained to us was quite simple.The way that/in which/不填 he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.考点剖析命题规律：（1）关系代词的辨析及关系副词的辨析。（2）关系代词的指代情况（3）定语从句的主谓一致问题。例题： 规律总结：定语从句一般考连接词，一般分三步完成。1、判断定语从句的先行词和理解从句意思。2、看从句是否完整，完整一定用关系副词。3、不完整的（1）*关系代词和关系副词的辨析，判断从句是否完整，完整的连接词一定用关系副词。eg：This is

7、 the farm where he works.eg：This is the farm which he visits.*遇到situation，part，point，place，period等，一般连接词用where。遇到time，age，day等，一般连接词用when。*介词后一定不加that，注意介词的判断。介词+which/whom（不用who）。关系副词=介词+which（2）*非限制性定语从句及有逗号的从句，一定不用that（特别注意先行词为整个句子时）。*which，that的一些特殊用法。*作宾语的关系代词可省略（3）定语从句的两个特殊句型 *Is this school w

8、e visited that year?Is the school we visited that year?Is this the school we visited that year?名词性从句常考知识一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。具有名词性功能。名词性从句主要有四种从句结构：以that引导的从句；以whether/if 引导的从句；以特殊疑问词引导的从句；以what或wh-ever等连接代词引导的名词性关系从句。主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句作及物动词宾语作介词宾语that一般不省略可以省略一般不省略一般不省略一般不省略whe

9、ther/if（是否）放于句首时只用whether用whether/if均可，但有区别只用whether只用whether只用whether特殊疑问词注意语序要用陈述语序名词性关系从句注意语序要用陈述语序典型例题（1）Can you tell me _(我如何去)get to the railway station?（2）These photographs will show you _(我们村上看上去是什么样子的)。二、that从句(一)主语从句1、that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：（1）It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising

10、,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable)+that从句。eg：It is certain that she will do well in her exam.（2）It+be+名词词组（no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise）+that从句。eg：Its a pity that we cant go.（3）It+be+过去分词（said，reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged）+that从句。eg：

11、It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.（4）It+不及物动词+that从句eg：It seems/happens/appears/turns out/doesnt matterthat注意：It is（high）time that we got down to work.It is the first time that I have come to Beijing.2、that连接词位于句首时，不能省略。eg：That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to u

12、s.（二）宾语从句1、常见的可接that从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know，imagine，discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider,be sure,be afraid（可省略）。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可用it做形式宾语。eg：He has made it clear that he will not give in.eg：We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.2、that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，但可

13、作except，in等介词的宾语。其他介词后需用that时，必须用it作形式宾语。eg：You may depend on it that I shall always help you.（三）表语从句that引导表语从句时，不可省略。eg：My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.（四）同位语从句连词that引导的同位语从句，在从句中不担当任何成分，不省略。应在某些有内容的名词之后，如：fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem

14、，possibility等。eg：Theres a feeling in me that well never know what a UFO isnot ever. 三、whether/if（是否）（一）在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if；当主语从句放于句首时，也只能用whether不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时用whether或if均可。eg：Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem.eg：It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.eg：The

15、problem is whether the meeting will be given.eg：I have no idea whether the meeting will be given.（二）在宾语从句中：介词后只用whether，不用if。eg：I depends on whether you can do the work well.典型例题（1）_well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.（2）I am not sure_ he will come here or not.（3）This decision will have

16、effect on _ or not he will succeed.四、特殊疑问词（一）主语从句特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。eg：It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.（二）宾语从句1、能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有：see，tell，ask,answer,know,decide,find out,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,inform,advise等.eg：I cant imagine how he di

17、d it.eg：They couldnt understand why I refused it.2、作介词宾语。eg：It all depends on how we solve the problem.eg：We are worrying about what we should do next.（三）表语从句、同位语从句eg：The problem is where we should stay.eg：My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.五、名词性关系从句What是最常用来引导名词性关系从

18、句的关系代词。what=the things which/that,whoever=anyone who,whichever=anyone/anything that,whatever=anything that.Where=the place where,when=the time when.（三）表语从句eg：This is where our problem lies.eg：Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient.（四）同位语从句eg：I gave the girl a big doll,exactly what she longed t

19、o have.（五）名词性关系从句还可作宾语补足语eg：Well make him whatever he is fit for.eg：Ill call the baby whatever name you like.eg：He has made the company what it is today.六、名词性从句的几个难点（一）wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别，wh-ever放句首句中， no matter wh-放句首wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。eg：Whatever I said，he

20、wouldnt listen to me.=No matter what I said，he wouldnt listen to me.eg：He would believe whatever I said.另外，whoever，whatever，whenever，wherever中，ever起强调作用，意为“究竟、到底”。（二）as if/as though，because，why也可引导表语从句。eg：It looked as if it was going to rain.（三）连词that引导的同位语从句和关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别1、连词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些

21、具有内容的名词之后，如fact，hope，desire，thought等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。只起引导的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的。2、关系代词that引导定语从句时，在定语从句中担当成分（主、宾），that引导的定语从句时残缺的。eg：The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.eg：The news that we heardon the radio was not true.并列句和状语从句*并列句1、表递进关系：and，not onlybut also，ne

22、ithernor，notbut2、表示选择关系：常用的并列连接词有or，eitheror，otherwise等。3、表转折关系：but，yet，whereas，while等。4、说明关系：so，for。5、while “而，却”表对比。典型例题（1）_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.（2）Follow the doctors advice,_ your cough will get worse.（3）He was just going to sleep_ he heard someone shout“

23、Fire！Fire！”.（4）She is seriously ill,_she doesnt give up hope.（5）He is a good teacher,_ he is very popular with students.（6）_ does he do well in English,but he does well in maths.*状语从句时间状语从句一、when、while、as1、when既可以引导一个持续动作、也可以引导一个短暂动作。2、从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。3、连词as可表示“一边，（一边）”或“随着”。eg：

24、When/While/As I was walking down the steet,I came across an old friend of mine.二、as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,no soonerthan，hardly/scarcelywhen和once（一就）eg：The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.eg：No sooner had we arrived at the station t

25、han the train left.eg：The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.注意：I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.三、till，until，notuntil1、肯定句：主句动词必须是延续性动词，意为|“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。eg：He remained there until she arrived.eg：You may stay here until the r

26、ain stops.2、否定句：主句动词必须是非延续性动词，意为“某动作之道某时间才开始”。eg：He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3、till不可以置于句首，而until可以。eg：Until you told me I had no idea of it.4、notuntil 句型中的强调和倒装用法：（1）It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调)（2）Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.（倒装）典型例题句型

27、转换：I didnt leave until she came back.(1)_ _ she came back _ _ leave.(2)_ _ not until she came back _ I _.四、before和since1、若表达“还未就；不到就；才；还没来得及”时，需用连词before。eg：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2、before从句中谓语不用否定式。eg：Before they reached the station,the train had gone.3、It will b

28、e+一段时间+before多久之后才eg：It will be half a year before I come back.eg：It wont be long before we meet again.4、since从句（一般过去时）的动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的动词（现在完成时或现在完成进行时）时延续性或反复发生的。5、在“It is+一段时间+since从句”句型。eg：It is three years since the war broke out.五、every time，each time,next time,the first time,any time,all the t

29、ime等，表示“每当；每次；下次”等。eg：Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.eg：Next time you come，do remember to bring your son here.eg：The last time she saw James,he was lying in bed.地点状语从句和原因状语从句一、地点状语从句1、引导地点状语从句的从属连词where，wherever指具体地点时。2、注意区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句：Youd better make a mark whe

30、re you have any questions.Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.二、原因状语从句1、引导的连词有：because，as，since，now that，seeing that，considering that。Because 主句前或后 直接因果关系 语气强 能回答whyAs 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 不能回答whySince/now that 主句前 双方都知道的原因 eg：Why are you absent from the meeting?Because I am

31、ill.eg：As it is raining,we shall not go to the park.eg：Now that/Since everybody is here，lets begin our meeting.2、其他表原因的方式Because of，thanks to，due to，owing to等。（for） He doesnt know about it,for he didnt see the film. 目的状语从句和结果状语从句一、目的状语从句连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case，lest等。1、in orde

32、r that与so thateg：Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.eg：In order that we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.2、for fear that,in case和lest从句中动词要用should+动词原形，本身带有否定意义eg：The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.eg：Take your raincoat

33、in case/lest it should rain.二、结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词：so that，such thateg：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.当so或such置于句首，主句要用倒装语序。eg：So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.典型例题句型转换：He is so

34、young that he cant join the army.（1）He is_ _ _ to join the army.（2）He is _ _ to join the army.（3）He is so young _ _ _ join the army.条件状语从句和方式状语从句一、条件状语从句连词有：if，unless，so/as long as，in case，on condition that。eg：Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.eg：As long as you dont loseheart，you will succee

35、d.eg：In case ther is a fire,what will we do first?二、方式状语从句连词：as，as if,as thougheg：Do as you are told to,or youll be fired.eg：The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.eg：I feel as if I have a fever.让步状语从句和比较状语从句让步状语从句1、although/though,even though/even ifeg：He is unhappy,though/although h

36、e has a lot of money.eg：Although/though it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.eg：Even though/if it is raining,well go there.注意：though作“可是，然而”，句末eg：He said he would come,he didnt,though.2、as或though引导的让步状语从句倒装的情况eg：Child as he is，he knows a lot.eg：Much as I like it，I wont buy it,for it

37、s too expensive.3、whetheror（不管还是）；疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词eg：Whether you believe it or not,it is true.eg：Whatever you say，he wont believe you.eg：Whoever you are，you must obey the rules.注意：whoever，whatever，whichever等还可引导名词性从句。eg：You can take whatever you like.4、while 然而eg：While I admit that there are p

38、roblems，I dont agree that they cannot be solved.典型例题(1)Ill be your true friend, _ happens.A.whatever B.no matter what(2)_ I see him, he is busy with his research work.A.Whenever B.No matter when(3)He liked reading very much._ he went,he took a book with him.A.Wherever B.No matter where(4)_ difficult

39、 the problem may be ,Ill work it out by myself.A.However B no matter how(5)I wont let you in,_ you may be.A.whoever B.no matter who(6)_ leaves the room last should remember to turn off the light.A.Whoever B.No matter who(7)Im too busy to buy you a present,wo you can use the money I give you to buy _

40、 you like.A.whatever B.no matter what(8)Ill give the ticket to _ really wants to see the film.A.whoever B.whomever C.no matter who状语从句的紧缩现象一、时间状语从句中常见的紧缩Dont speak until spoken to.While in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.二、条件状语从句中常见的紧缩Come tomorrow if possible.If so,you must go back and get it.Ill buy a TV set if necessary.三、方式状语从句中常见的紧缩She stood at the gate as if waiting for someone.The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though angry.四、其他状语从句中的紧缩Though cold，he still wore a shirt.Being blind,he couldnt see anything.who 专心-专注-专业