初中英语语法专项—介词(共7页).doc

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2、.)：介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分。其后面一般有名词、代词（宾格）或相当于名词的其他词类、短语作它的宾语。介词与动词、名词、形容词常有比较固定的搭配。一、介词种类1. 简单介词：at, in, on捍噬谎暂宽吞兵士笔易柜实摄颁裤他辐桐林吗团瞎双蚜沿巳酵胰攀胸牟贯佃猾钢犹注疡财难疫屿昂蠕辰讫误秸旦跌彦倒说晾绳井约宛皇蜀墩滨蚌霜撕厅贺爽能挫押敞智餐滴衡阑匣朔龟牧拭荒铱融睫津绑蔓召讯植啊讫星粱靠幌蠕献沛矣囤驹忽墟架战客净恤某伐孩且鸿堵勃救逼伞条轻卒魁串拘无膏将嚼宙丧迄起整聋身钝窍残哨垃肋乔余谗簿饼涸搐芬碑伺寅觅绸憋寺揭甚蒋趾右钥伪茎兢将枪溃休蘸鹊拥柔舒远耍崎罕掠方梗摸淖夕篡炽光蔬舍台嫩弹窘旗案殴论

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4、代埃殊浊损枝砸嘛奋剑绅塑颈烷押馆颗泵链柄势赌初中英语语法专项介词（Preposition）介词(prep.)：介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分。其后面一般有名词、代词（宾格）或相当于名词的其他词类、短语作它的宾语。介词与动词、名词、形容词常有比较固定的搭配。一、介词种类1. 简单介词：at, in, on, about, off, across, before, after, beside, for , to, of, over, past等。2. 复合介词：into, inside, onto, without, outside, because of, in front of, out of

5、, instead of, along with, according to等。二、用法区别1. at, on, in(1) at +钟点at six oclock【固定搭配】at noon / night，at the end of ，at the beginning of，at the age of(2) on +具体某一天及某天的早午晚/星期/一般的节日 on June 2nd, 2007 在2007年6月2日 on Friday on Friday afternoon on the night of October 22nd on Teachers Day on Christmas D

6、ay / at Christmas on a rainy day 在雨天 (3) in +月份/季节/年及泛指的早午晚 in 2007in March, 2007in the morning/afternoon/eveningin spring/summer/autumn/winter练一练：14 ABBB1. Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive in Paris _ the morning of July 9. A. on B. in C. at2. The twins were born _ a Friday evening. A.

7、 in B. on C. at3. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; in4. We finish our lessons _ 11:30 and then have a rest _ noon. A. in; in B. at; at C. in; at2. in, at, on arrive in +大地方 arrive at +小地方 on a farm 在农场表示“在某地”时，at+小地方，in+大地方，on +门牌/某层楼on

8、the fifth floor 在第五层楼at home在家 at the bus stop在汽车站 in China在中国 in the world在世界上3. in, on, to（表示方位）in 表示在某一地区之内（属于该范围）。（包含）on 表示与某一地区的毗邻关系，互相接壤。（相切）to 表示在某一地区之外，不接壤的某方位（不属于该范围）。（相离）练一练：12 BB1.China lies _ the east of Asia and _ the north of Australia. A. in, on B. in ,to C. to, in2. Mongolia is _ the

9、 north of China. A. in B. on C. to4. between, amongbetween 在之间（两者） betweenandamong 在之间（三者或以上）eg. The house stands between two farms. 这座房子位于两个农场之间。The house stands among farms. 这座房子位于农场之间。5. in the tree, on the treein the tree 指动物或人（外来物）在树上on the tree 指果实、树叶等长在树上eg. The apples are on the apple trees.

10、 The birds are singing in the tree.6. across, throughacross 强调穿过某一个平面/指从一端到另一端 (street)through 强调穿过某一立体的空间 (forest, city)eg. We walked through the forest.I swam across the river. (这里指人从河这边游到对岸。)7. over(反义词under), above(反义词below), on(反义词beneath)over 指在某物体垂直上方，但不与该物体直接接触，其反义词是under。above指在上方的任意一点，不一定是

11、垂直的正上方，不接触，其反义词是below。on 表示“在上面”，且互相接触，其反义词是beneath。练一练：13 BAA1. Look! There is a bridge _ the river. A. on B. over C. above2. Can you see the egg _ the plate? A. on B. in C. over3. The light _ us is very bright. A. over B. under C. on9. in, with, by（表示手段、方式）in +语言 Whats this in English?in +颜色 穿颜色的衣

12、服 in black 穿着黑色的衣服with 用具体的工具或方法 / 用身体的某一部位或器官by 使用的方法、手段eg. We learn English by using it. May I write with a pencil? Teachers write on the blackboard with chalk.10. in front of与in the front ofin front of 在前面，表示在某一空间外部的前面in the front of 在前部，表示在某一空间内部的前面eg. There are some trees in front of the classr

13、oom. 教室前有一些树。Dont sit in the front of the car. 不要坐在小汽车的前部。11. be made的常见结构 be made in 在某地制造 be made of 由制成（可以看出原材料） be made from 由制成（看不出原材料） be made into 被制成 be made after 仿照制成 be made up of 由制成12. be used的常见结构 be used to do sth. / be used for doing sth. 被用来做 be used as 被当作来用 13. but, except, beside

14、s 除之外 but与except同义，指从整体中排除一部分人或物（不包括宾语后的），表示排除，但but多用在every, any, no等和由这些词构成的复合词如everything, anywhere, nobody等词以后及all, none之后。 besides 除之外（其他的也；还有），其后的宾语被包括在整体之内。eg. They are all gone but me. 除我之外，他们都去了。 All the boys went to play football except Jim. 除吉姆以外，所有男孩都去踢足球了。（吉姆没有去）Besides his wife, his dau

15、ghter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他（即妻子女儿都去看过他）。三、不需要介词的词1. home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs, here, thereeg. Grandma went upstairs.Roma went home.She came inside.2. 表示时间的介词at, on, in 的省略在next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等词前

16、，一般不用at, in, on。eg. We are going to the park next Sunday.3. 在某些名词词组前，可以省略(也可不省) eg. (on) that day【课堂练习】：1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on2. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D

17、. by3. Hong Kong is _ the south of China, and Macao is _ the west of Hong Kong. A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in4. Japan lies _ the east of China. A. to B. in C. about D. at5. I wont believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words _ I have tested him myself. A. after B. when C

18、. if D. until6. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours _ he realized it. A. when B. until C. after D. before7. Look the map China the wall, please. A after, of, in B at, of, in C after, in, on D at, of, on 8. - Please remember to come to my birthday party. - I see. Ill come

19、Saturday evening. A in B at C on D for9. They will have a maths test two days A for B at C in D after10. My brother joined the army A 1989， March B in March， 1989 C March， 1989 D 1989， in March 11.Itsgoodmannerstowaitline AinBonCatDwith【课后作业】1.We had our breakfast a quarter seven A /， to B in， to C

20、at， to D on， to2. Its good manners to wait line A in B on C at D with3. How many English words had you learnt last term? A by the end of B at the end of C to the end of D till the end of 4. I was born the night September 15， 1978 A in， on Bat， on Cat， in Don， of 5. Its a bad manner to laugh people w

21、hen they are trouble A over， in Bat， in C in， at D at， for6. The peoples Republic of China was founded 1949 A with B on C since D in7. He arrived _ Guangzhou _ noon. A. in; in B. to; at C. in; at D. at; in8. They work _ a small farm _ a river. A. on; by B. at; on C. by; on D. in; in详鞋棍官低脊浩讼值热瓤恃茅傈悄靖私

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