中考英语阅读理解之说明文(共4页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上阅读理解之说明文Obesity （肥胖症）is becoming a problem inour busy society , and almostoneinthreeAmericanadults is nowconsideredtobeobese.Childrenobesityisalsoat anall-timehigh. Obesitymeansbeingveryoverweight.Ifyouare obese,youhavetoomuchbodyfat.Ifyoueatmore foodthanyourbodycanuse, thiswillmakeyoup

2、utonweight.Foodthatyourbodydoesnotneedwillbe stored(储存)asfatbyyourbody.Thefollowingarethemajorfactors(因素)that increasetheriskofobesity.Whatyoueatplaysamajorroleinweightgain. Eatingalotoffastfoodsuchashamburgers,sweet drinks,icecreamsandothersweetfoodcanincreasethe riskofbecomingobese.Ifyoudonotdoeno

3、ughexercise,youwillput onweightasthefoodyoueatisnotbeingusedtomake energyforphysicalactivities.Thechancesofyoubeingobesearegreaterif yourparentsareobese.Therearemanypsychological（心理的)factors thatcausepeopletoeattoomuch.Peoplewhoare worried,unhappyorboredwillofteneattomake themselvesfeelbetter.Thisis

4、knownascomforteating.Ageisanotherfactor,asyoutend(趋于)tobe lessactivewhenyougetolder.Whenyougetolder,youneedtoeatless,andifyoudonoteatless,you willputonweight.Obesitycan cause many health problemssuchasheartproblems, highblood pressure andmanyotherseriousmedical conditions.66. The underlined sentence

5、 in paragraph 1 means that _.A. obesity does not do harm to health.B. all the American children are obese.C. there are more obese children than before.D. there are less obese children in the USA.67. According to the passage, there are _ major factors that increase the risk of obesity. A. three B. fo

6、ur C. five D. six68. What will the writer most probably talk about following the last paragraph? A. How to avoid obesity. B. How to live in the busy USA. C. What illnesses are caused by obesity. D. How doctors treat heart problems.英语阅读之 说明文“英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做

7、科学解说的。说明文通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。 说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次。说明文抽象度高，所以解题难度大，考察内容多为科普知识、动植物特性、自然和社会现象，新产品、新工艺介绍，以及人文地理、风土人情等方面，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子增多。331【备考方法】掌握说明文的命题特点和叙述方式，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系。【命题类型与规律】1细节理解题：1） 在列举处命题用first(1y)、second(1y)、third(1y)finally、notonly，butalso、then、inaddition

8、等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。2）在例证处命题句中常用由as、suchas、forexample、forinstance等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。3）在转折对比处命题一般通过however、but、yet、infact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、notsomuch，as等词语引导，命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。4）在比较处命题无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。5）在复杂句中命题包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的

9、指代关系和语法关系。【注意】细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，但正确的选项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思，即“同义替换”。2.语义猜测题：说明文为了把自然规律，事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白，因此学术性强的生词较多，所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式:1) theunderlinedpart“ ”inparagraph refersto2) whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?3) whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?.【注意】定义句、上下文、同义词、破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插

10、入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分，往往是猜词的依据。3. 主旨理解题：即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括或归纳。【注意】尤其在选择the best/proper title时，不能以偏概全，也不能太泛太笼统，要注意包含贯穿全文的线索词。4. 推理判断题：这种题型的答案在原文中是不能直接找到的！推断作者观点态度（attitude）时要注意文中某些用词或语气背后的隐含意义，来推断出作者是赞赏、批判还是中立。positive 积极的；肯定的 negative 消极的；否定的 neutral 中立的【阅读小技巧】太绝对（all，every等）一般都不对；转折后即为重点 (however, but 等)；

11、两选项互为反义，其中之一正确；包含同义替换为正确选项。本文重点固搭：1. is becoming2. one in three3. be considered to be.4. be at all-time high 创下历史新高5. mean doing sth.6. put on weight7. increase the risk of8. play a major role in9. cause sb to do sth10. eat too much11. make sb. do sth.12. be known as 13. tend to do sth.14. get older

12、 / get old15. need to do 16. such as含定语从句的句子：1.（你身体不需要的）食物 将会被你的身体存储为脂肪。2. 以下 就是 （增加肥胖风险的）主要因素。3. 我们为什么变胖的原因是太多的食物和太少的锻炼。4. 我们为什么变胖的原因是吃太多的食物和做太少的锻炼。5. 我们为什么变胖的原因是我们吃太多的食物和做太少的锻炼。专心-专注-专业语篇填空：Obesity （肥胖症）is becoming a problem inour busy society , and almostone1_threeAmericanadults is nowconsideredt

13、obeobese. Childrenobesityisalsoat anall-timehigh. Obesitymeans2_veryoverweight.Ifyouare obese,youhavetoomuchbodyfat.Ifyoueatmore food3_yourbodycanuse, thiswillmakeyouputon weight.Foodthatyourbodydoesnotneedwillbe stored(储存)asfat4_yourbody.Thefollowingarethemajorfactors(因素)5_increasetheriskofobesity.

14、Whatyoueatplaysamajorroleinweightgain. Eatingalotoffastfood 6_ashamburgers,sweet drinks,icecreamsandothersweetfoodcanincreasethe riskofbecomingobese.Ifyoudonotdoenoughexercise,youwillput onweight7_thefoodyoueatisnotbeingusedtomake energy8_physicalactivities.Thechancesofyoubeingobesearegreaterif your

15、parentsareobese.9_aremanypsychological（心理的)factors thatcausepeopletoeattoomuch.People10_are worried,unhappyorboredwillofteneattomake themselvesfeelbetter.Thisisknown11_comforteating.Ageisanotherfactor,asyoutend(趋于)tobe 12 _activewhenyougetolder.Whenyougetolder,youneedtoeatless,andifyoudonoteatless,you willputonweight.Obesitycan cause many health problemssuchasheartproblems, high blood pressure andmany13_seriousmedical conditions.