初二英语形容词和副词的语法精讲.doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初二英语形容词和副词的语法精讲王春娟 杨凌高新中学教学目标：集中学习初中英语形容词与副词及比较级及最高级的用法。教学内容：（一）形容词用法 1. 形容词可分为两大类：描绘形容词和限定形容词。描绘形容词是描写人或物的颜色、尺寸、形状、性质、状态等的形容词。限定形容词用于限定被修饰词的数量、距离、所有关系等。除了these和those外，形容词的单数与复数形式相同。描绘形容词beautiful, large, red,interesting, colourfulimportant限 定 形 容 词基数词 (one, two) 序数词 (first, second)物主代词

2、 (my, your) 指示代词 (this, that, these)数量词 (few, many) 冠 词 (a, an, the) 2. 形容词的位置 修饰语一般应置于被修饰语之前，但当几个形容词修饰同一名词时，其排列顺序一般如下：形容词性代词数量词描 绘 形 容 词all boththe, a(n)this, thatfirstone性质尺寸形状新旧温度颜色国籍材料goodlargeoldredChineseironsuchyour, some,manysecondtwofinesmallhotblueEnglishstone Example: that strong young Ch

3、inese swimmer 注意：形容词前有as, so, no, too, how等词时，不定冠词应置于形容词之后。 She is too kind a girl to refuse. 在下列情况下，修饰语应置于被修饰的名词后： （1）名词之后的数量词名词old, long, wide等。 a boy six years old, a street two kilometers long （2）为了加强语气或音调美，将描绘形容词置于名词之后。 He had a face thin and worn. （3）something, anything, everyone, anybody形容词。

4、Theres nothing wrong with the electric cooker. （4）作定语用的分词或形容词短语 The judge has talked to all the people involved. 所包含的(形式复杂的) 3. “数词名词”构成的形容词 （1）数词名词，如 a two-week tour, a ten-page report等。 （2）数词名词形容词，如 a seven-year-old boy等。 （3）名词（无冠词）基数词=the序数词名词，如 Unit 6=the Sixth Unit （4）“数量词复数名词”作主语，虽然是复数形式，但仍然用单

5、数动词，作为一个单位来表示。如果强调个别数，则须用复数动词。 Ten years is quite a long time to him. Two months have passed since I last heard from my parents.（二）副词 1. 副词的构成如下： （1）本身就是副词，如very, now, there, quite等. （2）有形容词后缀如-ly, 如happily, carefully等。 （3）有些副词与形容词同形，如early, high, long, fast, hard等。 注意：有些-ly结尾的词不是副词而是形容词，如manly, fri

6、endly, queenly(女王的威严的,慷慨的)等。 2. 副词的位置 （1）修饰形容词和副词时，须放在被修饰词之前，如： The scenery around here is very beautiful. （2）always, never, often, sometimes, usually等表示频率的副词在一般动词前，be动词后，有助动词时，在助动词和动词之间。 He usually gets up early, but he got up late today. I have never met him and I hope I will never meet him. （3）有两

7、个以上不同种类的副词作修饰语时，其顺序为地点（小地点大地点）状态次数时间（单位小的时间单位大的时间）。 They arrived in Paris safely the other day. （4）seldom, rarely, never等具有否定意义的频率副词置于句首时，助动词或be动词须放在主语的前面（也叫倒装句），如： Never did I hear such a funny story. =I never heard such a funny story. 3. 几个特殊副词的用法 （1）enough须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之后；too须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之前。 She s

8、peaks English well enough to be an interpreter译员，口译者 Its too hot a day to work. 但enough修饰名词时须置于名词之前。 Have you got enough money for this microwave (微波) oven (烤炉，烤箱)? （2）too(for)不定式（to），作“太而不能”解；enough不定式，意思是“足够可以”，这一结构可转换成sothat结构。 The boy was still too young to go to school. He was so young that he

9、could not go to school. The man is rich enough to buy a Roll-Royce. He is so rich that he can buy a Roll-Royce. （3）already用于肯定句，作“已经”解；yet用于否定句，作“还”解，用于疑问句作“已经”解，still作“仍然”解。 I have already seen the film. Have you seen the film yet? I still prefer tea to coffee. （4）随着only和also在句中位置的改变，句意和语气也会改变。 Onl

10、y Mr. Li came to see me today. Mr. Li came to see only me today. Mr. Li came to see me only today.（三）形容词的比较等级 形容词比较等级的规则变化如下表：构 成 法原 级比较级最高级1、单音节词末尾加-er和-est伟大的greatgreatergreatest2、单音节词如以-e结尾，只加-r和-stbrave 勇敢的fine 好的braverfinerbravestfinest3、闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-estbig 大的hot 热的bigge

11、rhotterbiggesthottest4、少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble结构的双音节词，末尾加-er，和-est（以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则y变为i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st）happy 快乐的clever 聪明的narrow 狭窄的able 能happiercleverernarrowerablerhappiestcleverestnarrowestablest5、其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most.difficult 困难的more difficultmost difficult（四）形容词比较等级部分不规则变化表原 级

12、比 较 级最 高 级goodwellbetterBestbadillworseworstmanymuchmoreMostlittlefewlessLeastfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthestoldolderelderoldesteldestlatelatterlaterlastlatest（五）形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法 形容词与副词都有三个比较等级。 （1）原级常用于“as原级as”结构。 He likes her as much as he likes his sister. 否定的原级用not asas或not soas,二者一般无甚区别。 He do

13、es not smoke so heavily as his brother. （2）比较级常用于“比较级than”结构。 He is taller than me. 否定比较与否定原级一样，也用not as(so)as结构，也可用lessthan结构. This word is less frequent in British English than in American English. （3）两个人或物比较时，定冠词the比较级表示最高级。 He is the taller of the two. （4）最高级常用于“the最高级比较范围”结构，比较范围为短语或从句。 It is t

14、he best picture in the hall. （5）含有否定词的比较级，如 no less than=as much(or many)as “不亚于” not less than=at least “至少” no lessthan =asas “和一样” not less原级than “至少不亚于” no morethan=notany more than “和一样不” not morethan=not soas “不像那样” no more than=only “只不过”，言其少 not more than=at most “不多于”，“至少” （6）表示“几倍于”用twice（

15、两倍），three times（三倍）asas, This book costs twice as much as the other one. （7）the比较级,the比较级, 意思是“越就越”，如： The harder you work , the more you will learn. （8）比较结构之前可用程度状语加以修饰，如asas前可用almost, nearly, just(about),quite等词语修饰，如： John is almost as tall as his father. （9）在more than结构之前可用far,(so)very much, (qui

16、te)a lot, a great deal, (just)a bit, still, far等词语修饰，如： He speaks English a lot more rapidly than he does French. （10）比较级and比较级，作“越来越”解，如：The days are getting longer and longer.当堂检测：【典型例题】一. 形容词与副词练习 1. He is a _ boy. ( good, well ) 2. These are _ classroom. ( bright, brightly ) 3. He is a _ man. (

17、real, really ) 4. He is _ a man. ( real, really ) 5. They are _ girls. ( careful, carefully ) keys: 1. good 2. bright 3. real 4. really 5. careful 6. They _ walked into the room. ( quiet, quietly ) 7. He is _ hurt. ( bad, badly ) 8. The man was _ ill. ( serious, seriously ) 9. _ the man wasnt badly

18、hurt. ( lucky, luckily ) 10. They are carrying some _ boxes. ( heavy, heavily ) keys: 6. quietly 7. badly 8. seriously 9. Luckily 10. heavy 11. English is _ spoken in the world. ( wide, widely ) 12. Knives are _ used for cutting things. ( wide, widely ) 13. Rice is _ grown in the south . ( main, mai

19、nly ) 14. He is a _ tall man. ( strong, strongly ) 15. He is _ ( careful, carefully ) keys: 11. widely 12. widely 13. mainly 14. strong 15. careful 16. He writes _. ( careful, carefully ) 17. He feels _.( happy, happily ) 18. He lives _. ( happy, happily ) 19. It rained _ last night. ( heavy, heavil

20、y ) 20. The rain was _.( heavy, heavily ) keys: 16. carefully 17. happy 18. happily 19. heavily 20. heavy 21. It blew _ yesterday. ( strong, strongly ) 22. The sun is shining _. ( bright, brightly ) 23. They are working _. ( happy, happily ) 24. He got _. ( angry, angrily ) 25. Things turn _ .( bad,

21、 badly ) keys: 21. strongly 22. brightly 23. happily 24. angry 25. bad 26. Lucy was as _ as me. ( careful , carefully ) 27. Lucy wrote as _ as me. ( careful, carefully ) 28. He cleaned the room as _ as Lily. ( quick, quickly ) 29. He runs as _ as me .( slow, slowly ) 30. How _ the sun shone! ( brigh

22、t, brightly ) keys: 26. careful 27 carefully 28. quickly 29. slowly 30. brightly 31. How _ the sun is ! ( bright, brightly ) 32. How _ the flowers are growing! ( beautiful, beautifully ) 33. How _ they are! ( happy, happily ) 34. How _ they are working! ( happy, happily ) 35. How _ the wind blew las

23、t night! ( strong, strongly ) keys: 31. bright 32. beautifully 33. happy 34. happily 35. strongly【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）一. 形容词 、副词专项练习题 1. Nowadays science fiction isnt as _ as cartoons among teenagers. A. popularB. more popular C. less popularD. the most popular 2. We are glad to see that Shanghai is dev

24、eloping _ these years than ever before. A. quicklyB. less quickly C. more quicklyD. the most quickly 3. The cheese cake tasted so _ that the kids asked for more. A. deliciousB. wellC. badD. badly 4. Why didnt you enjoy the talk? It was _talk that I had ever listened to. A. the most interestingB. the

25、 least interesting C. more interestingD. 1ess interesting 5. Guo Yue did quite _ at the World Table Tennis Championship(锦标赛) ，but Zhang Yining did even _ A. better; wellB. well; well C. well; betterD. better; better 6. Whose picture is better, Jacks or Toms Both of them are good. I think Jack draws

26、Tom. A. as good asB. as well as C. better thanD. worse than 7. It gets very here in summer. A. coolB. coldC. warmD. hot 8. Be _, and you will do well in the English exam. A. carefulB. politeC. sureD. friendly 9. Lin Tao is good at all the subjects at school, _English. A. reallyB. mostlyC. especially

27、D. exactly 10. The coat is too expensive. Look, heres another one. Its_ _and nicer. A. dearerB. cheaperC. olderD. longer 11. The population of Tianjin is _ than that of Shanghai. A. largerB. lessC. smallerD. fewer 12. Its raining _. We have to stay at home instead of going fishing . A. badlyB. hardl

28、yC. heavilyD. strongly 13. Kate is as _as Maria. A. tallB. tallerC. tallestD. the tallest 14. She looks very_. I think she needs to have a rest. A. tiredB. hardC. wellD. hardly 15. Tom is terribly ill. Wed better send him to hospital as _as we can. A. slowlyB. quicklyC. quietlyD. easily 16. Do you l

29、ike the Moonlight Sonata? Sure, it sounds really_ A. clearB. clearlyC. beautifulD. beautifully 17. Supermarkets are necessary. People usually spend_ time finding things they want, but they usually spend _ money than they want. A. less; lessB. less; moreC. fewer; lessD. fewer; more 18. “Do you want t

30、o improve your score in math? Try staying away from your computer!” A recent report in Britain says, “The _ students use computer at school and at home, the _ they do in exams of reading and math.” A. more; betterB. less; worse C. more; moreD. less; better 19. He speaks English _ an American, so we

31、all believe that he has stayed in America for many years. A. as good asB. worse than C. as badly asD. as well as 20. The TV programme is boring. Shall we play chess instead? All right. That is _ than watching a boring programme. A. very goodB. much good C. very betterD. much better 21. Even though s

32、he looks very young, she is twice my twenty-year-old sister. A. as old asB. older than C. so old asD. as older as 22. The sooner you take your medicine, you will feel. A. the more goodB. better C. the moreD. the better 23. Of the four T-shirts I like the blue one . A. much bestB. the best C. betterD

33、. the better 24. Xiao Yang has learned to study in the U.S. A. English enoughB. enough English C. more EnglishD. much English 25. He explained it to me, but Im no wiser. A. enoughB. theC. moreD. much 26. Xiao Wangs mother bought him a racing bicycle for his birthday. A. five-speedsB. five-speed C. f

34、ive-speedsD. five-speeds二. 形容词与副词原级、比较级和最高级练习 1. The snow will be in North China tomorrow. A. very heavyB. much heavyC. heavier 2. The child is too to go to school. A. oldB. youngC. younger 3. Jim can jump than Tom. A. farB. fartherC. farthest 4. The Changjiang River is in China. A. the longB. longe

35、rC. the longest 5. Exercise One is in Lesson Ten. A. difficultB. much more difficultC. the most difficult 6. Who is , Mr. Green or Mr. Smith? A. very richB. much richerC. the richest 7. This is TV set I have ever seen. A. cheaperB. the cheapestC. the most cheap 8. John is Kate. A. as young asB. as y

36、ounger asC. young than 9. Do you think which classroom is in our school? A. cleanB. the cleanerC. the cleanest 10. Mr. Zhang is one of in No. 1 Middle School. A. the busiest teacherB. the busiest teachersC. the busy teachers 11. Could you tell me the way to hospital, please? A. nearB. nearerC. the n

37、earest 12. Of all the boxes, the red one is . A. heavyB. heavierC. the heaviest 13. Our school is not so as theirs. A. smallB. smallerC. the smallest 14. Miss Li is Miss Zhao. A. so younger asB. not so old asC. as older as 15. Children in the modern time are than those in the past. A. happyB. happie

38、rC. more happy 16. China is one of in the world. A. great countryB. the greatest countryC. the greatest countries 17. Kates apple is Jims. A. red asB. redder thanC. as redder as 18. Her grandmother was ill yesterday and she is today. A. very illB. even worseC. the worst 19. Li Lei is any boy in our

39、class. A. strongB. much stronger thanC. the strongest 20. My school bag is a little than yours. A. niceB. nicerC. nicest 21. Its today than yesterday. A. very warmB. too warmerC. much warmer 22. I know about it than you. A. even lessB. much fewC. more fewer 23. Today is in this week. A. hotB. hotter

40、C. the hottest 24. Its getting these days. A. cold and coldB. colder and colderC. more and more cold 25. The newspaper is becoming . A. more and more interesting B. interesting and more interesting C. more interesting and more interesting 26. Tom is of the two boys. A. youngB. the youngerC. the youngest 【试题答案】一. 1. A2. C3. B4.