四级时态练习(讲解、练习、答案)(共12页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一时态（02.11.修改） 英语中共有16种时态，我们并不一一赘述。这里我们只讲容易用错的、也是经常出现在试卷上的时态方面的问题。只要同学们掌握了我们所讲的知识就能会做题，做对题。 .“现在时”中应注意的几个问题1. 如果说的是将来的事，主句用将来时，状语从句用现在时。状语从句常由以下连词引导：if, in case, when, as, as soon as before, until, unless, who(what/ when/ where)ever, no matter who(what/ when/ where), etc. If he comes, Il

2、l give it to him. Ill stay here until he promises to do as I ask. You wont pass the exam unless you work hard. Ill begin the dictation when you are ready. No matter where you go, youll find Coca-Cola. No matter how much it costs, Ill buy it. （第1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.题） *几个特殊的副词、名词短语也可引导状语从句，所用时态同上。 the mo

3、ment immediately the minute = as soon as instantly = as soon as the instant directly every time = whenever/ no matter when the next time = next time when each time The children are to do their homework the moment they arrive back from school. The machine starts the minute the button is pressed. Tell

4、 me immediately you have any news. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you come.(第7. 8.题) 1）如果强调从句动作在先，主句动作在后时，从句可用完成时。（既从句动作发成之后，才开始主句的动作。） When he has sold all the newspapers, hell go home. The postman cannot reach the house until the snow has melted.2）now that从句常表示已经发生的动作，在从句动作已经发生的前提下才开

5、始主句的动作，故该从句常用完成时。 Now that the rain has stopped, lets go at once. Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.（第9. 10.题）3）如果if条件从句出现if sb. will/ would,表示意愿，“如果某人愿意”will、would是情态动词。 If you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you.如果你愿意脱掉身上的衣服，我们就把新衣服给你穿上。（

6、从句的will是情态动词，主句的will是助动词，表将来时） If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France. 只有你肯这样做，你就会发现老百姓为什麽会不满意，你就会理解正在威胁着法国的革命。4）if、when引导的宾语从句表达将来的动作时，要用将来时。 I cant tell you if itll rain tomorrow. Do you know when they will ar

7、rive?5）一些关系代词、关系副词或连词引导的从句中也可以用现在时表示将来的动作。 Well drive faster than you do. She will probably be on the same plane as I am. Ill have a good time whether I win or lose.2. 以下句型从句用现在时表达将来的动作 long It will (not) be hours before sb. do sth. years It will be long before we meet again. It will be hours before

8、 the rain stops. But it will be more than 100 years before the country begins to look as it did before. . 完成时1. 以下句型从句用现在完成时 This the first (second, third fourth) sth.That is the only sth. (that) sb. have done sth.It the best (worst最高级) sth. This is the third pair of shoes youve worn out this year.

9、It is the only party that Ive really enjoyed in my life. It is one of the most interesting books that Ive ever read. * 这里指截止到目前为止的情况，如果说截止到过去的某一时间为止，用过去完成时。 She understood what I was talking about, even though it was the first time we had spoken together. 2. 有以下时间状语的句子用现在完成时 for years during the pas

10、t/ last year (two, three, four, few/ several) months over weeks in In the past few years great changes have taken place in computers. That has been my life for these ten years.3. since句子里的时态问题 1）作介词用时，和过去的时间搭配，句子用现在完成时 Paper has been made in America since 1690. since ago作状语，句子用现在完成时 Mary is in New Y

11、ork. She has been there since six days ago. ever since 作状语，句子用现在完成时 He fell off his horse a week ago and has been in bed ever since.2）作连词用时，从句用过去时，主句用现在完成时 Weve been friends since we met at school. He has worked there since it opened in 1989. （第12. 13.题）4. 瞬间动词的注意事项 常见的瞬间动词：go, come, enter, arrive,

12、leave, die, marry, join, buy, borrow, get up, catch a cold, get married, etc.这类动词表示的动作一发生就马上结束，故用在完成时中不能和表示动作延续的时间状语连用。 错 He has left for three days. 对 He has been away for three days. 或：It is + 一段时间 + since sb. did (瞬间动词)sth. has been It is/ has been three days since he left. It is more than half a

13、 year since I entered college. *如果表达截止到过去的某个时间为止的动作，用以下句型： It was + 一段时间 + since sb. had done (瞬间动词)sth. I said that it was at least 10 years since I had enjoyed a good drink.5. by短语作时间状语的注意事项 1）“by”和过去的时间连用时，句子用过去完成时；和将来的时间连用时，句子用将来完成时。 By 1985, he had taught that course in that school for 10 years

14、. By the end of next year the teaching building will have been completed. (15. 16. 17.18. 19.题)2）by the time作连词引导时间状语从句。（1）如果说的是过去的事情，从句用过去时，主句用过去完成时 By the time he was ten, he had already built himself a chemistry lab. By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned advance mathematics all by

15、 himself. （主句的动作在从句动作发生时已经结束） （2）如果说的是将来的事情，从句用现在时，主句用将来完成时 I shall have finished the work by the time you come back. By the time the course ends, we shall have learned a lot about British.（第20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 题）6）过去完成时过去完成时是学生们容易用错的一个时态，我们提醒注意两点：（1）截止到过去某个时间或某个动作为止、已经发生的动作 He said (that) he ha

16、d married. (到“说”时，他已经“结婚”了, 先“结婚”，后“说”。） She told me she had joined the party two years before. Before I came here, I had studied English for six years. （两个动作“had studied”先发生, “came”后发生） （2）有些动词表示意愿、打算、希望等意，用过去完成时表示这一动作并未实现,属虚拟语气。（见“虚拟语气”第条） . 进行时 1. 不用进行时的动词有： （1）表示所属、类似、构成等关系的词 belong to, consist

17、of, depend on, equal, etc. （2）表示存在、状态等持续性动词 have, own, deserve, appear, lie (位于)，be (存在)，stand (位于), remain（保持某种状态）, keep, seem, etc.(3) 表示知觉、感觉的一些感官动词see, hear, smell, feel, taste, etc. (4) 由心灵、头脑发出的动作think, forget, imagine, hope, want, etc.2. 过去进行时的注意事项在过去时的句子里，当从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生时，如果两个动词都是瞬间动词都用过去时，

18、如果一个是延续性动词，该动作用过去进行时。 While I was walking along the street, I met him. When they left London, it was raining. He broke his leg, when he was playing in a football match.（第32. 33. 34.题）如果都是延续性动词，都可以用过去进行时。While I was working, he was sleeping. 3.掌握以下句型 doing Sb. was/ were going to do when sb. (else) di

19、d about 某人正在（要）做某事突然* “when”句子总放在后面，“when” 表达suddenly, at that time, and then之意 。 I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. Tom was sitting near the fire when he heard a knock on the door. I was going to lock the door when the phone rang.（第35.36. 题）.时态的呼应当主句的谓语动词用一般过去时，其宾语从句就该用相应的过去时。主、从句的

20、时态要呼应。Michael left for California this morning.Oh, I thought he wasnt going until next week.Im surprised to learn that youre going back to Chicago.Yes, Id hoped that I wouldnt have to go back again, but I do.*如果宾语从句说的是真理性的事件，用现在时The teacher told me that light travels faster than sound.Copernicus mai

21、ntained that the earth moves round the sun. 过去时与现在完成时的区别 过去时只表示过去发生了一件事，其结果对现在无任何影响。完成时中的动作对现在有影响。 I had breakfast. 吃过早饭，但这一动作对现在无任何影响，很可能现在已经饿了。 I have had breakfast. 吃过早饭，而且这一动作对现在还有影响，即：现在不饿。 Would you please have supper with us?No, I _ it, but thank you all the same.A) had B) have had C) have to

22、 have D) am to have选B)符合语言环境。吃过了，而且不饿。 I bought a bicycle. 我买过一辆车。（但现在车已没有了。） I have bought a bicycle. 我买过一辆车。（现在车还在。）. 完成时与完成进行时的区别 完成时强调动作的结果，完成进行时强调动作的延续性。 I have finished six letters. 已经写了六封信。 I have been writing letters for a whole morning. 一上午一直在写信。 I have waited for you for fifty minutes. I h

23、ave been waiting for you.二国家四级考试试题1. If it _ too much trouble, Id love a cup of tea. (1989.1.) A) isnt B) wasnt C) werent D) hadnt been2. If she doesnt tell him the truth now, hell simply keep on asking her until she _. (1998.6.) A) does B) has done C) will do D) would do3. Once environmental damage

24、 _, it takes many years for the system to recover. (1997.6.) A) has done B) is to do C) does D) is done4. If you smoke in a nonsmoking section, people _. (1993.1.) A) will object B) objected C) must object D) have objected5. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlik

25、ely that television _ the newspaper completely. (1995.6.) A) replaced B) have replaced C) replace D) will replace6. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection _ to the nation. (1996.6.) A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left7. You see the lightening _ it happe

26、ns, but you hear the thunder later. (1997.1.) A) the instant B) for an instant C) on the instant D) in an instant8. We hadnt met for 20 years, but I recognized her _ I saw her. (2001.6.) A) for the moment B) the moment when C) at the moment when D) the moment9. _ we have finished the course, we shal

27、l start doing more revision work. (1990.1.) A) For now B) Ever since C) Now that D) By now10. _ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. (1997.6.) A) For B) Now C) Since D) Despite11. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _ the guards discover

28、ed what had happened. (1993.6.) A) before B) since C) until D) when12. Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they _ better health. (1991.1.) A) could have enjoyed B) had enjoyed C) have been enjoying D) are enjoying13. Ever since Picassos paintings went on exhibit, there _ large crow

29、ds at the museum every day. (1993.1.) A) have been B) has been C) is D) are being14. “May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five oclock tonight?”“Im sorry. Mr. Williams _ to a conference long before then”. (2000.6.) A) had gone B) would have gone C) has gone D) will have gone.15. By the end of

30、 April Peter _ here for three months. (1988.6.) A) will have stayed B) will stay C) stays D) has stayed16. By the end of the year all but two people _. (1994.1.) A) have left B) will leave C) will be leaving D) will have left17. By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the pr

31、oblem. (1993.6.) A) have found B) will have found C) will be finding D) are finding18. Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%. (1996.1.) A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising19. Pick me up at 8 oclock. I _ my bath

32、by then. (1992.6.) A) may have B) will be having C) can have had D) will have had20. By the time you get to Beijing tomorrow, I _ for Shanghai. (1991.1.) A) shall have left B) am leaving C) will leave D) have already left21. The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. (1997.1.)A) must have las

33、ted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted22. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we _ here for two days. (2001.6.) A) have been staying B) have stayed C) shall stay D) will have stayed23. My train arrives in New York at eight oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _ by th

34、en. (1999.1.)A) would leave B) will have left C) has left D) had left24. By the time you get to New York, I _ for London. (2002.1.) A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left25. I suppose that when I come back in ten years time all those old houses _ down. (1992.1.) A)

35、 will have been pulled B) will have pulled C) will be pulling D) will be pulled26. He came back late, _ which time all the guests had already left. (1999.6.) A) after B) by C) at D) during27. Until then, his family _ from him for six months. (1997.1.) A) didnt hear B) hasnt been hearing C) hasnt hea

36、rd D) hadnt heard28. We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. (1990.1.) A) just have had B) just had C) have just had D) had just had29. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. (1996.6.) A) would be B) has been C) had been D) wo

37、uld have been30. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _ from the sort of candles used only in churches. (1999.6.) A) had come B) coming C) come D) that came31. After searching for half an hour, she realized that her glasses _ on the table all the ti

38、me. (1990.6.) A) were lain B) had been lain C) have been lying D) had been lying32. We _ to start our own business, but we never had enough money. (1994.1.) A) have hoped B) would hope C) had hoped D) should hope33. He _ when the bus came to a sudden stop.(1991.6.)A) was almost hurt B) was hurt hims

39、elf C) was to hurt himself D) was hurting himself34. Bobs leg got hurt _ the Purple Mountains. (1992.6.) A) while he is climbing up B) while we were climbing up C) while we climbed up D) while he climbed up35. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _. (1991.6.) A) finish what I did B) finished

40、what I did C) Would finish what I was doing D) finished what I was doing36. I was half way back to the cottage where my mother lived _ Susan caught up with me. (2001.1.) A) when B) while C) until D) though 37. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _ something occurred which attracted

41、my attention. (1996.1.) A) unless B) until C) when D) while38. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy, balanced families. (1995.6.)A) are often seeing B) often see C) will often see D) have often seen 39. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intel

42、ligence, _ and perfected now. (1996.1.) A) developed B) have developed C) are being developed D) will have been developed40. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. (1997.1.) A) are to challenge B) may be challenged C) have been challenged D) are challenging41. I bought a new house last year, but I _ my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses. (1991.1.) A) did not sell B) have not sold C) had not sold D