2020年春牛津译林版英语八年级下册—-Unit5知识点梳理.docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 5 Good manners5.1 Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1、mannersn. 复礼貌，礼仪；规矩You should learn about manners. 你应该学习规矩礼仪。常用复数形式的单词有：clothes 衣服 trousers 裤子chopsticks 筷子2、mean v. 意思，意味着What does the public sign mean? 这个公共标志是什么意思？meaning n. 意思 meaningful adj. 有意义的 meaningless adj. 没有意义的3. cu

2、t in “cut in(on sb./sth.)”表示“打断（谈话），插嘴”Dont cut in on others. 不要打断别人（的谈话）。cut down 砍下（树木） cut out 剪出；戒掉 cut off 切断；断绝 cut short 缩短（旅行）等4. politelypolitely adv. 有礼貌地 polite adj. 有礼貌的 impolite adj. 无礼的Always wait politely 总是礼貌地等着5. litterlitter n. 垃圾 litter vi. 丢垃圾 No littering 禁止drop litter everywher

3、e 到处丢垃圾No littering 禁止丢垃圾6. runrun vi. 跑步；流动；经营Running regularly is good for our health. Run a company. 经营一家公司。Dont keep the water running all the time. 不要让谁一直放着。5.2 Reading1. Whats the proper way to greet people there, Jenny? proper adj. 符合习俗的；正确的She is always proper in her behavior. 她的行为总是符合习俗。2.

4、People say “hello” or .and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.1、shake your hand with sb. 和某人握手2、do sth. for the first time 第一次做某事Chinese people usually shake your hand to express their friendliness.中国人通常用握手来表达友好。3. Do they greet people with a kiss? (1)greet vt. 问候；打招呼greet somebod

5、y with 以方式跟人打招呼She greeted us with a smile. 她微笑着跟我们打了个招呼。 (2) kiss n. 亲吻vt. 亲吻4.But please avoid subjects like age, weight or money.avoid sth. 避免某事 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事You should avoid eating such unhealthy food. 你应避免吃这些不健康的食品。subject n. 话题；主题This book includes many different subjects. 这本书包含了许多话题。

6、5. Do people there behave politely in public?behave v. 表现I do not think its proper for you to behave so. 我认为您这样的举止不合体统。public n. 民众，群体The palace is now open to the public. 宫殿现在向民众开放了。in public 公开地，在别人面前Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许抽烟。6. They think its rude to push in before others

7、.It is + adj + (for sb) + to do sth. （对某人来说，）做某事句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的to do sth. It is impolite to ask British people how old they are.问英国人多大年龄是不礼貌的。push v. 推，挤（与push相对应的词是pull，意为“拉，拖，拔”）Dont push the door. Pull it, please. 不要推门。请拉开。push in 插队，加塞（美语常用“cut in”）7. Also, if they bump into someone in the

8、 street, theyll say“sorry”另外，如果他们在街上撞到别人，他们会说“对不起”。bump into someone意为“撞到某人；巧遇某人”。I bumped into one of my old friends when l was shopping.我购物时巧遇我的一位老朋友。I bumped into him and he fell to the ground, but he didnt hurt himself.我撞到了他，他跌倒到地上，但没有受伤。8. If youre in the way, they wont touch you or push past y

9、ou. in ones way 挡住某人的路I couldnt walk very fast because a lot of people got in my way. 我不能走的很快，因为很多人挡了我的路。 (1)用作及物动词，意为“触摸；触及；碰到”。Dont touch the clothes on my desk. 别碰我桌子上的衣服。She fell asleep the moment her head touched the pillow. 她头一挨枕头就睡着了。(2)用作名词，意为“触；碰；摸；触感，触觉；感觉，感受”。常构成短语：keep in/into touch with

10、与保持联系。Do you keep in touch with your teacher? 你和你的老师有联系吗？9. Theyll say excuse me and be polite enough to wait till you move.他们会说“打扰了”并足够耐心地等到你移开。 “Excuse me.”是打扰别人时用的；“I am sorry.”是做错事或委婉拒绝别人的请求时用的。excuse既可以作名词，也可以作动词。作名词时，可意为“借口”；作动词时，可意为“原谅”。Mary explained why she was late, but we didnt accept her

11、 excuse.玛丽解释了为什么他迟到了，但是我们没有接受她的借口。Please excuse him for arriving late.请原谅他来晚了。-Excuse me，could you tell me the way to the bookshop? 劳驾，请问去书店怎么走？-I am sorry. I am new here.对不起。我是新来的。10. British people dont like to shout or laugh loudly. 英国人不喜欢大喊或是大笑。 (1) aloud强调发出的声音能被听见，意思为“出声地；大声地”，常与read，call等动词连用

12、。Please read the text aloud.请大声朗读一下课文。(2) loud意为“响亮地；大声；高声地”，侧重发出的音量大、传得远，一般多用来修饰speak，talk，laugh等动词。loud还可以用作形容词。Speak louder，please，or no one will hear you.请大声些，否则没人能听见。(3) loudly意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与loud相同，常与ring，knock等动词连用。loudly放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.突然，墙上的钟大

13、声地响起来。11. British people are very polite at home as well, arent they?as well一般不用否定句，通常放在句末，强调时可放在句中。either用于否定句，放在句末，之前加逗号。too语气较轻，多用于口语，在肯定句中使用，通常位于句末。also比too正式一些，语气较重，只用于肯定句，一般紧靠动词。12. Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”saying n. 谚语；格言My grandpa knows a lot of English sa

14、yings.我祖母知道很多英语格言。When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。5.3 Grammarenough to do& tooto1. You are old enough to learn about manners你已经到了学习礼仪的年龄了。enough常构成如下句型：主语be形容词enoughto do sth.意为“某人某物够能”。He is tall enough to reach the ball on the shelf. 他够高能够到架子上的球。The classroom is big enough to hold so many

15、students. 这间教室够大能容纳如此多的学生。否定式为“主语be not形容词enoughto do sth.”，意为“某人某物（不）够而（不）能”。The man isnt strong enough to carry the bag. 这个人不够强壮拿不动这个包。2. The UK is too far away for Jenny to go there on her own. 英国太远了珍妮不能独自去那里。tooto常构成如下句型：“主语+betoo形容词to do sth”意为“某人某物太而不能”。The boy is too young to help you. 这个男孩太小

16、而不能帮你。 (1)有时我们需要在to do sth.的前面加上for someone，此时句中的动词必须为及物动词，若为不及物动词须再加上适当的介词。The text is too long for us to read.这篇课文太长我们读不了。(read是及物动词)The room is too small for us two to live in.这个房间太小我们两个人住不下。（live是不及物动词）(2)“too形容词 to do sth.”可以和“not该形容词的反义词enoughto do sth.”的结构转换。The man is too weak to do the job.

17、=The man isnt strong enough to do the job.这个人太瘦弱而不能做这项工作。(3) “enough to”和“tooto”结构均可以和“sothat”结构转换。The doctor is kind enough to help us. =The doctor is so kind that he will help us.这个医生很善良，他会帮助我们。Lucy is not careful enough to get high marks,=Lucy is too careless to get high marks.=Lucy is not so car

18、eful that she cant get high marks.露西不够细心，得不到高分。3. He could not write down all the main points. 他不能写下主要的观点。write down意为“写下，记下”。如宾语是名词时则既可放在down之前又可放在down之后；如果宾语是代词只能放在write与down之间。Please write down your names on the paper.=Please write your names down on the paper.请把你们的名字写在纸上。Please write it down请把它写

19、下来。4. Jenny cannot go there on her own.on ones own 某人自己；独立地I was able to finish the job on my own. 我能独自地把工作做完。on ones own= by oneself= alone 独自；一个人5. Kitty was very busy with her dancing lessons.be busy with意为“忙于某事”，可以和be busy doing sth.转换。They are busy with their homework.=They are busy doing their

20、 homework.他们正忙于做功课。5.4 Integrated skills & Study Skills1.keep us from danger使我们免受危险keep sb. from danger意为“使某人免受危险”。The teacher took us to the playground to keep us from danger. 老师把我们带到操场上使我们免受危险。(1) keep sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，相当于stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sthWe kept them from interviewin

21、g the star. =We stop/prevent them interviewing the star.我们阻止他们采访那明星。(2) keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事。They kept me listening to this song. 他们让我一直听这首歌。2.warn sb(not) to do sth警告某人（不要）做某事warn sb. (not) to do sth.意为“警告某人（不要）做某事”。The man warned him not to go out. 那人警告他不要出去。3. Here are some examples这儿有几个例子

22、。以here或there开头的句子常用倒装句式。以here或there开头的句子分部分倒装和全部倒装两种情况：主语是代词时用部分倒装，主语是名词时用全部倒装。-Can you lend me your book? 你能把书借给我吗？-Of course. Here you are当然可以。给你。There comes the bus汽车来了。4. It says No photos，它上面写着“禁止拍照”。 “的上面写着什么”中的“写”，翻译成汉语时不用write而用say。Look at the blackboard. It says“Keep quiet”，看黑板。上面写着“保持安静”。5

23、.risk losing everything all at one time 冒着一次性失去所有的危险risk doing sth.“冒险做某事”You should avoid eating such unhealthy food. 你应避免吃这些不健康的食品。5.5 Task & Self-assessment1. We are going to hold a talk on good table manners. 我们将要举行一个关于良好的餐桌礼仪的座谈会。hold的用法如下：(1)用作及物动词意为“拿住，握住，抓住”。He always holds a book in his han

24、d.他总是手里拿着本书。意为“容纳，装得下”。How many people does the room hold? 这个房间容纳多少人？(2)用作不及物动词，意为“同意，赞成，（与）持相同意见（与with连用）”。Put your hand up if you hold with me.同意的请举手。(3) hold on不要挂断电话，等一下；继续。-Can I speak to Mr. Wang? 我可以和王先生通话吗？-Hold on. He is in the next room.等一下。他在隔壁的房间。table manners意为“餐桌礼仪”。How much do you kno

25、w about table manners? 关于餐桌礼仪你知道多少？2. Above all, when you are sitting at the table, you should首先，当你坐在桌旁时，你应该at the table与at table有何区别？(1) at table在吃饭Dont speak loudly when you are at table.在吃饭时，不要大声说话。They were at table when we dropped in.我们去拜访时他们正在吃饭。(2) at a/the table在桌边They were sitting at the ta

26、ble, talking about something they were interested in.他们正坐在桌边谈论他们感兴趣的事情。in hospital住院in prison坐牢 at school在上学in the hospital在医院in the prison在监狱中 at the school在学校3. These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table.这些规则很重要，因为我们要确保客人和主人坐在桌旁边都很

27、舒服。make sure意为“确保；务必”。后接动词不定式、介词of引导的短语和从句。Make sure that you turn off the lights when you leave the classroom. 离开教室时务必把灯关了。Make sure to wait for him here. 务必在这儿等他。4. The purpose of the talk is to teach students rules for eating. the purpose of sth. / doing sth. 某事/ 做某事的目的What is the purpose of your

28、 visit?你来访的目的是什么？5. It will take place at 10 a.m. on 12 May at the school hall. take place 举行，发生（一般指有计划性）The concert will take place next Sunday. 下周日将举行音乐会。Where will the next Olympic Games take place? 下一届奥运会在哪里举办？happen & take placehappen往往指偶然的、未能预见的客观情况的发生；take place主要指经过酝酿的事情的发生，没有“偶然”的含义。An accident happened in front of the park yesterday. Great changes took place in my home town in the past five years. 此外，take place还可以表示“举行”。如：The concert will take place next week. 专心-专注-专业