阅读短文还原句子解题技巧(共49页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上阅读短文还原句子是中考题型中最年轻的题型，即2010年北京英语考试中的新题型，一般有200-250个单词左右，为5选4的题型。设空位置一般为三种：段首、段尾和段中。根据2010年-2012年各区县一模、二模及真题中此类题型的考查，可看出考题中段中设空最多，段尾次之，段首最少。另外，从2013年各区一模题来看设空也符合上述出题规律。根据对2013年考试说明及课标中“读”的七级要求第5条和第6条的分析，总结出此类试题主要考查：1. 学生能理解故事情节和事件发展顺序。2. 学生能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。根据以上分析得出此类试题考查的文体主要为记叙文。我们都知道记叙文

2、的六要素为：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。因此，根据记叙文常见的写作顺序，可知其解题思路主要为时间顺序、动作顺序和故事发展顺序。此外，关注段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系，主要为：并列、转折、因果关系及其它关系（包括单词重复、代词指代、排比句式等）。针对阅读短文还原句子的考查点，我们总结出此类题型的解题步骤及得分技巧，具体如下：1. 解题步骤（1）读选项，划关键词，暗排序。（2）读文章，找逻辑，抓过渡词。（3）先易后难来解题。（4）回读文章定答案。2. 得分技巧（1）抓住过渡词，看住上下句。（2）盯紧横线的前后词语。通过学生对这类题型的解题步骤、思路及技巧的练习和实践，可总结出以下复习策略：1

3、. 养成限时阅读的习惯，提高阅读速度。培养学生的阅读技能， 处理好阅读速度与效率问题。阅读速度应控制在每篇5分钟，每分钟40-50个词为宜。2. 注意常考点。针对五选四，平时练习多注意代词（如it， this， they）、选项的句内关系（如因果、转折）及重现（文章与选项的复现提示）等。解题技巧通读全文,了解文章大意.通读答案,找出和文章相对应的关键词.根据文章整体结构、具体内容,并结合关键词,将选项填入文中. 将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文,重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构.研究多余选项,确定排除理由,最终确定答案.1. 如果问题设在段首（1）通常是段落的主题句认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原

4、则,查找相关的词,推断出主题句（2）与后文是并列,转折,因果关系等.着重阅读后文第一两句,锁定线索信号词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词,通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段.（3）段落间的过渡句.这时要瞻前顾后找启示,即阅读上一段结尾部分,通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来,并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来.2. 如果问题设在段尾（1）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句,重点阅读以锁定关键词.（2）通常是结论,概括性语句注意在选项中查找表示结果结论,总结等的信号词.Therefore, as a result, thus,

5、 hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语,选项中也可发现前文的同义词句.（3.）与前文是转折或对比关系此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立,对比关系.（4.）与前文是并列或排比关系在这种情况下,通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节,因此,根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词,通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构,或出现同义词等其他线索.（5.）所选答案是引出下一段的内容如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可考虑与下一

6、段开头是否有一定的衔接.认真阅读下一段开头几句,看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来（6.）如果第一段的段尾是空白,要认真阅读,看此处是细节还是主题通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题,如果在段尾提出主题,会用一些信号词如转折词引出来,正确答案应有这样的特征词.【2011北京】七、短文，根据短文内容，从文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。（共8分，每小题2分）Kenny and Bobbi McCaughey live in Iowa. They have a big family. Mikayla is the oldest child in the family.

7、She is six years old. The other children are Brandon, Joel, Kelsey, Kenny. Natalie, Alexis and Nathan. They are all five years old. Why are they all the same age? _6l_They are septuplets!It is hard work to look after seven babies at the same time, 62_. In the beginning, many people helped them. They

8、 helped to feed, clean, and dress the babies. Every week, the septuplets used about 170 diapers (尿布) ! _63 .Now the children are older. The septuplets started school this year. But they go to school at home, like their big sister, Mikayla. When Mikayla was ready for school, Kenny and Bobbi decided t

9、o teach her at home. 64 . Now Bobbi is the teacher for all eight of her children.A. They drank a lot of milk, tooB. Because they were born togetherC. Last year, Bobbi was Mikaylas teacherD. Kenny and Bobbi are interested in cookingE. But Kenny and Bobbi didnt look after them alone61. 正确答案B. 我们发现有关键词

10、Born与age、five years old相呼应。再看空格的前两句内容提到They are all five years old. Why are they all the same age? 结合常理我们能够得到他们应该是同时出生的。分析五个选项，排除不符合前后文意思内容的选项。再通过后文说They are septuplets!(七胞胎)第二个选项明显符合先后文的因果关系，故选B。62. 正确答案E.先看单词，look after复现。看空的前后，前文说同时照顾七个宝宝是个艰辛的工作，后文说起初有很多人帮助他们。前后逻辑是相反的，所以中间应该有转折。再看选项，把各个选项实在带入只有E符

11、合前后行文顺序其它的内容均与该空无关，故选E。63. 正确答案A. 首先注意关键词they 的指代，前文说到他们每天需要大量的尿布，而把所有选项带入后发现只有A选项与原文空格位置逻辑顺序相符。故选A。其他选项与前文所描述内容不能有效联系，所以不选。64. 正确答案C.关键词复现：Bobbi和关键词替换原文中的teach与选项中的teacher,从逻辑看，带入C，去年Bobbi 是 Mikayla的老师，与下文现在她是所有孩子的老师成顺承关系。同时注意空格后一句的内容。把选项C带入前后文所描述的内容一致。故选C。其它选项与本题前后内容描述不一致逻辑不一致，故不选。（2011桂林）CA hobby

12、 can be almost anything that a person likes to do in his spare time. Hobbyists raise pets, watch birds, paint pictures, play the piano and grow flowers. 66 They collect everything from books to butterflies and from boxes to stamps. People take up hobbies because these activities offer enjoyment, fri

13、endship and relaxation. Hobbies help people relax after a long time of hard work, and provide a balance (平衡) between work and play. Hobbies offer interesting activities for the old. Some hobbies can make a child grow as a person, develop his interest and help him learn new skills. 67 Doctors have fo

14、und that hobbies are useful in helping patients (病人) recover (恢复) from illness. Hobbies give patients who cant move around something to do, and provide interests that keep them from thinking about themselves. Many hospitals treat (治疗) patients by having them take up interesting hobbies. 68In early t

15、imes, most people were too busy making a living to have many hobbies. But some persons who had spare time did enjoy hobbies. 69 People today have more time than ever before for hobbies. Machines have now reduced much time that people must spend on their jobs. 70 Those who have developed hobbies neve

16、r need to worry about what to do with their newly-found free time hours. Sir William Osler, a famous Canadian doctor expressed the value (价值) of hobbies by saying, “No man is really happy or safe without a hobby.”请根据以上内容，从下列五个选项中选择适当的句子还原到短文中，使短文完整与正确。将其标号在答题卡上涂黑。（每小题2分，共10分）A. More people retire at

17、 an earlier age than before.B. Hobbies can also help a patient to keep healthy.C. The ancient Egyptians played games with balls made of wood.D. They also go to concerts, climb mountains, go fishing, skate and swim.E. Anyone, old or young, sick or well, rich or poor, can follow a good hobby, in spite

18、 of his age, health or money.【主旨大意】本文介绍了爱好。人们能有各种各样的活动作为自己的爱好，爱好能帮助人们放松，帮助病人保持健康。在以前人们忙于工作而没有时间拥有爱好，现在人们有更多的时间去拥有更多的爱好。没有人没有爱好是幸福和安全的。66-70. DBECA【2011河南省】DYou know you have to read between the lines to get the most out of anything. I want to tell you something important during your reading.You shou

19、ldnt mark a book which isnt yours. 61 If you think it useful to mark books, you will have to buy them.There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is to get the right by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But full ownership comes only when you have made it a part

20、of yourself. 62There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the best sellers unread and untouched. The second has a great many books. 63 The third has a few dog-eared (翻折的) books, which are marked from front to back.Why is marking a book necessary? First, it keeps you awake. In the second

21、 place, reading is thinking. 64 The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the writer expressed.If reading is to learn anything more than passing time, it must be active. The book you read for pleasure can be read in

22、 a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But for a great book, rich in ideas, reading must be active. 65 You should come up with an understanding of what you have read.根据材料内容，将A-E五个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文完整、正确，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。A. You cant let your eyes move across the lines.B. But most of them are as cle

23、an as the day they were bought.C. And thinking can express itself in words, spoken or written.D. People who lend you books expect you to keep them clean.E. The best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.61. _ 62._ 63._ 64._. 65._【主旨大意】本文讲述的是中我们读书过程中的一些重要事情。首先不要中书上做标记，除非那是你自己的。拥有书可以有两

24、个方式一个是买，另一个就是写。书的主人有三种，一种是从来不读不摸的，第二种是有很多的书，但大部分都像是新买的，第三种是打折的书，从头到尾都做了标记的。为什么做标记很重要？因为它通常代表了这本书的观点，也帮助你记住你当时的思想或作者所表达的思想。6165 DEBCA (2011四川宜宾)请根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出恰当的选项补全短文，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。并将其序号A、B、C、D、E填写到相应番号之后的横线上。My mother is a kind and nice woman. 61 One Sunday night, when I was watching the film Ha

25、rry Potter very happily Mother asked me to go to bed. 62 that I didnt move. But for a while, I noticed that she didnt say anything. 63 I was so sad and that I went into my room and cried. I thought “I have only two nights in a week to enjoy the TV. 64 ” The next day she cooked and talked with me as

26、usual. I pretended not to hear, but she didnt mind and told me why she didnt allow me to watch TV 65 Then I understood her. I love my mother.A. But she is very strict with me.B. because she wanted me to have a good rest.C. Then she got angry and turned off the TV.D. I loved the film so muchE. Why do

27、esnt mother allow me to watch TV?61._ 62._ 63._ 64._ 65._【主旨大意】本文是一篇关于和蔼又严厉的妈妈的文章。周日晚上，我正在兴致勃勃地看电影，妈妈关了电视让我去睡觉，尽管很不开心但后来还是理解了母亲。61. A 由上下文，上文妈妈很善良和蔼，下文妈妈强行关电视，表现妈妈的严厉。故选A。62. D根据句意，这部电影很好看以至于我没有动，sothat结果状语从句，故选D。63. C由上下文可知，妈妈什么也没说，我很伤心。可知原因是妈妈关了电视。故选C。64. E根据句意，我想我一周只有两个晚上享受电视的时间，妈妈为什么不允许我看电视呢？这是作

28、者的心理。根据推断，故选E。65. B 根据句意：我没理妈妈，她不介意，还告诉我为什么不让我看电视，是想让我休息好。故选B。【2011乌鲁木齐】D下面短文，从文后方框内所给的ABCDE中，选出恰当的一项还原到文中合适的位置，使文章意思完整且符合逻辑。We sometimes call the lion “the king of the jungle” Because it is stronger and more dangerous than other animals. 66 It is the highest animal in the land food c hain.In the se

29、a, the shark is one of the animals at the top of the food chain. It can swim faster than most other sea 6768 People are! We are not the biggest or fastest. but we are the cleverest. We could not run faster than cheetahs, so we invented cars and now we can move the fastest. We could not fight better

30、than joins. so we invented puns. Now we ran hunt the best-Peoples inventions are clever, but they can be dangerous, too. For example, people invented lactones, and now they make the air and rivers dirty. 69 Dirty rivers kill fish. hen bears cannot eat the fish and die. If we kill one part of the foo

31、d chain. other parts also die. Remember that we are a part of the food chain. so we are in danger, too! 70 We should and we could do something for the world!A. Protecting animals is protecting ourselves!B. And it can use its big teeth to eat them.C. This can make terrible changes.D. What is at the t

32、op of the worlds food chain?E. It can run baler than many animals and it ran hunt the best.66. E 67. B 68. D 69. C 70. A【2011沈阳】B)阅读短文，然后根据其内容，从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项（有一项为多余选项）。Shopping is popular with many people around the world. They seem to find new ways to buy things every day. They visit shopp

33、ing centers, order things through the mail, or buy things on the Internet. 50For young people, one of the most popular ways to shop is to use a vending machine (自动售货机). These machines offer all kinds of things and you can find them everywhere. In the USA, there are vending machines which sell CDs. 5

34、1 The strangest product on sale from a vending machine is in Japan. Just put your coins in the vending machine Tokyo, press the button, and out comes a “kabutomushi”，that is, a black beetle（甲壳虫). You keep it as a pet!Japan now has “Robosho”a shop with no shop assistants, only robots. A robot reads y

35、our credit card(信用卡)and then gives you what you what. 52 People are very surprised that the robots can serve them as well as shop assistants do.Some shops in the UK are like social clubs for teenagers. Many of them have a caf inside. The Youth Station has a large nightclub for teenagers under 18, wi

36、th a DJ playing music in a room that hangs the ceiling. Sports Town has a big screen, where you can see live sports from around the world. 53A.And some robots can even talk.B.Many American people usually go shopping.C.You wont miss any exciting ball games even when you go shopping.D.Peoples shopping

37、 habits are always changing.E.New CDs are put in the machine every week.【主旨大意】本文叙述了世界各地不同的购物方式。50. D 51 E 52. A 53. C(2011湖南岳阳中考) (C)匹配 阅读下篇材料，从所给的A-F六个选项中，选出五个正确的选项，使短文通顺、内容完整。Anger is a kind of feeling 51 . When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses an important game, when

38、 a friend borrows your favorite thing and then breaks it, you may get angry. 52 . For example, you breathe faster, your face turns red, and you may want to break something or hit someone, but sometimes you hide your anger. For example, you may hide it in your heart. The problem is that if you do thi

39、s, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt.In fact, its not good to hide your anger, and its normal for you to get angry sometimes. 53 . When you get angry, you can talk about it with adults, such as parents, teachers, etc 54 . Here are some other things you can do when you start to feel ang

40、ry: count from 1 to 100;give someone a hug go for a bike ride; think about good things, etc.Remember that when you are angry, how you act can make everything better or worse, 55 .A.But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting others or yourselfB.Dont let your anger control you.C.As so

41、on as you find your problems, you may cry to relaxD.Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry.E.After doing that, youll find those bad feelings can start to go away.F.Many things can make you angry.51. F 从下文所举例子可知。52. D 联系下文都是身体各部位的反应表现，故可知答案选D。53. C 联系上下文可知可适当让自己的情绪发泄出来可知答案选C。54. E 联系上文可知

42、那么做完心情会好一些，故答案选E。55. B 通读全文可知无论如何做都是为了让事情变得更好，不要被其所控制，故答案选B。【2011贵州贵阳】B. 句子还原，阅读短文，根据短文内容，从所给的选项中选择恰当的句子填入短文，使其文理通顺，并将其答题卡上该选项涂黑。A couple of years ago, I went to Australia for a meeting with my friend, Chris. We decided to drive across country to Brisbane after the meeting ended. The drive was going

43、 to take four days and most of it was across the desert, 81The first day was a lot of fun as we were excited and laughing at each others stupid jokes. By the third day of driving in the seemingly endless desert, we began to get bored. We had been quiet for a few hours when in the distance Chris foun

44、d some kangaroos. We were both excited and decided to get a closer look. 82 We got closer and closer, and Chris was doing 110 kilometers per hour. We were very close to the kangaroostoo closewhen we heard a loud BANG!Chris stopped the car and we got out. Behind the car was a larger kangaroo lying co

45、mpletely still on the ground. 83 He took off his sunglasses and put them on the kangaroo and did the same with his jacket. Then, he put his arm around the kangaroo and told me to take a photo of them together. 84 While I was focusing the camera, I saw the kangaroo move. It suddenly woke up, looked a

46、t Chris, and jumped away into the distance before we could do anything.I started laughing but Chris looked very serious. 85 I started laughing even harder. I stopped laughing, however, when he said that our car keys were also in the jacket!A. Chris speeded up to catch up with the kangaroos.B. He sai

47、d his wallet and passport were in the jacket.C. In order to get there in three days, we drove very fast.D. so we had to take food, water, and extra gas with us.E. Chris went over to the kangaroo and put his baseball cap on its head.F. I was still surprised, but I took out my camera.DCEFB【2011福建莆田】DM

48、arch 20th is World Water Day every year. According to a report from the United Nations, more than half of the worlds major rivers have serious water loss and are polluted.The Yellow River, the worlds fifth longest river, watered some of the oldest farms on earth. But now it has a serious problem. 68 In most of the past 35 years, it didnt reach the sea.The Nile in Egypt, running 6, 650 km, is the longest river in the world. 69 Now it is down to 2 billion m or so. Austr