口语话题之环境(共8页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Environment 环境类高频词:资源Non-renewable resources 不可再生资源Renewable resources可再生资源To slow down the rate of resource degradation 降低资源消耗率To develop renewable resoureces 开发可再生资源Resouce conservation 资源保护mineral resources 矿产资源industrial materials 工业材料energy resources 能源资源fossil fuels(coal,oil ,and

2、natural gas)矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气）nuclear fuels 核燃料refuse derived fuels 从废料中提取的燃料animal dung as fuel 动物粪便作燃料renewable energy 可再生资源non-renewable energy 不可再生资源non-polluting energy 无污染能源clean energy 清洁能源nuclear energy 核能solar energy 太阳能tidal energy 潮汐能wave energy 波浪能wind energy 风能energy conservation能源保护energy

3、policy 能源政策危机Environment degradation 环境恶化Uncontrolled urbanization 城市化失控To discharge industrial pollutants 排放工业污染物Industrial solid wastes 工业固体废物Rate of deforestation 森林砍伐率Endangered species 濒危动物Water and soil erosion 水土流失Afforedted areas/greening space 绿化面积Forest coverage 森林覆盖率Pesticide residue农药残留V

4、icious cycle of poverty 贫困的恶性循环Air/water/noise/light pollution 空气 水 噪音 光 污染Air quality 空气质量Source of pollution 污染源 Suspended particles 悬浮颗粒物Soot emissions 烟尘排放Notorious vehicle exhaust 汽车尾气排放Exhaust fumes 尾气White pollution 白色污染To use and littter non-degradable white plastics 使用和乱扔不可降解塑料制品Bio-degrada

5、ble plasitc bags 可降解一次性塑料袋政策措施Nature conservation 自然保护Environmental planning 环境规划Ecodevelopment 生态发展Environmental policy 环境政策Chinas guiding principles for environmental protection 中国环保基本方针To prusur the strategy of sustainbale development 推行可持续发展战略The basic policies of Chinas environmental protectio

6、中国环保基本政策Policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevenion with control 预防为主、防治结合的政策To integrate prevention with control 防治结合“the-polluters-pay”policy 污染者负担的政策Policy of tightening up envioronmental managemnent 强化环境管理的政策To conduct environmental impact assessments（EIA）on start-up projec

7、ts 对新项目实行环境影响评估To raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 提高全民环保意识To curb environmental pollution /bring the pollution under control 治理环境污染To protect forests from overexploitation 防治过度利用森林Environment-friendly agriculture/ecoagriculture 生态农业To turn the country green 绿化祖国National Tree

8、-Planting Day 全民义务植树日Environment-friendly products 环保产品Nature reserve 自然保护区Natural ecosystem 自然生态系统Eco-demonstration region / environment-friendly region 生态示范区To design and develop 设计开发Gas-fueled vehicles 天然气汽车Cell-driven vehicles/battery cars 电动汽车Exhaust purifier 尾气净化器Lead-free gasoline 无铅汽油Water t

9、reatment 水处理Sewage treatment plants 污水处理厂Treatment rate of industrial effluents 工业废水处理率Treatment rate of domestic sewage 城市污水处理率Multipurpose use of three types of wastes (waste water ,waste gas,solid waste )三废综合利用World Environment Day 世界环境日Connect with the World Wide Web of Life 世界万物 生命之网（2001年世界环境日

10、主题）Give Earth a Chance 让地球充满生机（2002年世界环境日主题）参考文章：What Can We Do About Global Warming? First, keep in mind the goal, which is to bring the potentially catastrophic warming under control by curtailing the release of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere. Ordinary people can

11、help immediately by becoming more energy efficient. Stop using the familiar incandescent light bulbs and replace them with compact fluorescent bulbs, which last much longer and use only a quarter of the energy consumed by conventional bulbs. Compact fluorescent bulbs are significantly more expensive

12、, but because they last so long (up to 10 times the life of a standard bulb) and use so little electricity, they are substantially cheaper in the long run. Next, when shopping for an appliance - a refrigerator, a dishwasher, an air-conditioner - select the one with the highest energy efficiency rati

13、ng. There will be a sticker on the appliance, telling you how much energy it uses. Pay attention. There can be a difference of 30 percent to 40 percent or more in the amount of energy consumed by appliances with comparable features. Even more important is the choice you make in the car or truck you

14、buy. Motor vehicles are responsible for about a third of the carbon dioxide emissions in the United States. The vehicles that are the most fuel efficient emit the least carbon dioxide. (Fuel economy and carbon dioxide emissions are inversely proportional. If you double fuel economy, you cut carbon d

15、ioxide emissions in half.) According to the research and advocacy group Environmental Defense, if you buy a new car that gets 10 more miles per gallon than your old car, the amount of carbon dioxide reduction realized in one year will be about 2,500 pounds. So buying a car or truck that suits your n

16、eeds and is fuel efficient is a big help. Honda and Toyota are bringing so-called hybrid vehicles onto the market in the U.S. Hybrids are cars that combine an internal combustion engine and a battery-powered electric motor. They are mid-sized cars that are achieving twice the fuel economy of convent

17、ional cars. Dr. Paul Epstein, associate director of the Center for Health and the Global Environment at Harvard Medical School, summed the matter up as follows: The issue is not so much what we are doing, but how we power what we are doing. Thats the first step. Over the long term, the requirements

18、are far more ambitious. Ideally, over the course of the next 100 or so years, a transformation will take place and most energy will end up coming not from fossil fuels like coal and oil, but from clean energy sources - the sun, the wind, hydrogen and non-polluting fuel cells. To get there at a cost

19、thats affordable will require substantial technological development, said Dr. Michael Oppenheimer, the chief scientist of Environmental Defense. To move from our pollution-choked present to a future in which climate change is not a mortal threat will take more than that all-important first step of a

20、n enlightened citizenry buying cleaner cars and more efficient appliances. Tough action by Congress and the president is needed, and soon. And international cooperation, with enforceable agreements covering both industrialized and, ultimately, developing nations, will be crucial. Among other things,

21、 the federal government can offer subsidies and other incentives to reduce the cost and foster the use of existing clean-energy technology, and to encourage the development of ever more efficient new technologies. And the government can - and should - develop more sophisticated strategies like emiss

22、ions trading and more stringent requirements for reducing carbon dioxide emissions everywhere. Global warming is the most serious problem we face in the 21st century. Last week an intensive analysis by a respected geologist at Texas A&M University, suggested - as most scientists have been saying for

23、 some time now - that human activity, not natural factors, is the primary cause of the warming. We caused the problem and we have within our grasp a variety of potential solutions. To ignore those solutions, to be aware of them but not make use of them, is not just profoundly destructive, its suicid

24、al. (by Bob Herbert Published on Monday, July 17, 2000 in the New York Times)空气污染：Air pollution, which can be seen in many parts of the world, is one of the serious problems the worlds people are facing today. As is indicated from the picture, the poisonous gas coming from the factories, automobiles

25、 and houses pollute the air without which cannot live. There is no denying that many people as well as scientists have been aware of dangers air pollution brings to people.The first category of dangers it has brought is the harm to our health. Nearly everyone knows that serious air pollution irritat

26、e our eyes, causes us to cough and makes us get more serious diseases. Air pollution is not only dangerous to people but also detrimental to our surroundings and our daily life. It corrodes our building, damages crops and forests and causes both airplane and auto accidents because it cuts down visib

27、ility. Furthermore, the pollutants in the air may travel through the air with wind; as a result, air pollution can spread from city to city, even from country to county. So air pollution is really a global problem.As can be seen from the above dangers, air pollution cost our human beings a great dea

28、l of money. Therefore, it must be worthwhile to spend more money and efforts on air pollution control.水资源短缺：It is widely believed that fresh water will never be used up due to its rich resources such as rain, rivers and wells. In fact, such belief is unfortunately wrong and possibly dangerous. As is

29、 depicted in the picture, we are facing serious shortage of fresh water, especially in the northern part of China. The land in some areas has become barren and there is no water coming from the pumps. Definitely, the picture reminds us of the serious situation we are confronting.Short as it is, peop

30、le still waste it. With the growth of population and industry, the amount of fresh water in use is also growing rapidly. It is estimated that if not controlled, fresh water will be used up by the next century. Another dangerous factor is the water pollution, which aggravates the seriousness of fresh

31、 water shortage.It is no use only being aware of the shortage of fresh water. It is never too late if we act right now. The first important measure is to protect our water resources form being polluted. Educating people to save water in daily life is of similar significance. Techniques such as recyc

32、ling waste water and converting sea water into drinkable water are especially needed in dry areas. It is only when these measures are put into practice can the shortage of fresh water be solved.TheProblemsofPlasticBags塑料袋问题Plasticbagshavefoundtheirwayintoawideareaofeverydaylife.Theyareappliedinbigsu

33、permarkets,ordinaryshops,smallstoresandstreetmarkets.Peopleputinplasticbagseverythingtheybuy.Theynolongerneedtocarryclothbags,leatherbagsorbasketbagswiththemwhengoshopping.Obviouslyitisveryconvenientforplasticbagstobeusedinpeopleseverydaylife.Theyarealsoverycheap.Theyareusuallyofferedfreeofcharge. H

34、owever,plasticbagsalsobringussideeffects.Somepeoplethrowawayplasticbagscausally.Thiscausesthewhitepollutiontoourenvironment,whichisveryharmfulbecauseplasticbagscannotdisappearbynaturaldecomposition.Thisiscertainlynotbeneficialtoourfuture.HowtoSolvetheEnergyShortage如何解决能源短缺问题Energyshortageisaveryseri

35、ousproblemintheworld.Manypeopleworrythatenergyresourcesontheearthwillbeexhaustedifweusetheminanuncheckedway.This,mostpeopleagree,willcauseseriousproblemsandevencrisisandjeopardizethesurvivalofmankind. Ontheonehand,mostpeopleagreethattheproblemcanbesolvedinonewayoranother.Oneistoconserveandsaveourene

36、rgy.Energyrefersnotonlytocoal,oil,ornaturalgasesbutalsotogoods,landandwater,etc.Mostcountrieshaverealizedthewastefulnessintheirusingofenergy.Theyaretryingtoconserveenergy.Forexample,somecountrieshaveadaylightsavingsystemtouselesselectricityforlighting.Somecitieshaveenforcedwatersaversatpublicsuchasr

37、estroomsandbars.Somehaveenforcedseriouspenaltiesonoveruseofelectricity,water,andfarmingland.Bythesemeans,peoplehopethedrainonenergyresourcescouldbesloweddown. However,conservationalonecannotsolvetheproblem.Anotherway,perhapsthebestIthink,istodevelopnewenergyresources.Obviously,nomatterhowhardwetryto

38、saveenergyresourcesandhowabundanttheyare,wewillusethemupsoonerorlater.Ithinktherearemanyenergyresourcesthatwecandevelopandutilize.Wedonthavetodependonlyonthecurrentconventionalenergyresources.Therearemanyotherenergyresourcesthatwecandevelopsuchasnuclearpower,waterpowerandsolarpower.Theseresources,if

39、developed,cancompletelyreplacetheconventionalenergyandthussolvetheproblemofenergyshortage.发展与环境：As is vividly betrayed in the drawing above, people are striving for the tremendous increase of GDP （gross domestic product） at the cost of our environment. The blue sky is being severely polluted and hum

40、an life is being threatened, which is most thought-provoking and worth discussing among the general public for the time being.The main purpose of the painter of the drawing above can be briefly stated as follows. To begin with, it is high time that we realized the fact that our living environment an

41、d some natural resources are being destroyed in the blind pursue of GDP increase. At present, the ecology of our planet can hardly support the continuous expansion of heavy-polluting, high-consuming and low-profit production pattern. Whats more, it is quite necessary that we have an objective unders

42、tanding of the relationship between GDP increase and the ecological environment. The GDP increase which is achieved at the cost of sacrificing human living environment and destroying our valuable natural resources （some of the resources are not renewable） is meaningless at all. In sum, the blind cra

43、ze for GDP increase must be stopped.In my view, counter-measures should be taken to reverse the grim situation. On the one hand, relevant laws and regulations must be set up by government to ensure a rational balance between GDP increase and our living environment. On the other hand, a public educat

44、ion campaign should be launched to make people have a good knowledge of green GDP. Only in these ways can we have a sustainable development and a harmonious society.As time pass by,the pollution of environment is becoming worse and worse. Ways to solve this problem are also been heat discussing.In m

45、y views ,the only measure should be taken is the awareness of ourselves.Everybody should take part in this problem because the earth is ours.Saving water and electricity,planting trees and flowers,all we should do is protect our blue planet.If everyone to do so,the world will become more and more beautiful.Better City ,better life.专心-专注-专业