定语从句与宾语从句.docx
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上定语从句与宾语从句定语从句一. 定语从句的基本概念 在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that和关系副词where, when, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。 例:This is the boy who often helps me.二. 关系代词和关系副词的功能 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语,关系副词可
2、作状语。1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。 例:I dont like people who talk much but do little.2. 作宾语 例:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.3. 作定语:关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。 例:Whats the name of the young man whose father is a doctor?4. 作状语 例:Ill never forget the day when I first cam
3、e to Beijing.三. 关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。 例:The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2. whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略。 例:Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。 例:The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.4. which 指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。
4、例:A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.5. that 多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。 例:Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。 例:Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。 例:The factory where his father works is
5、 in the east of the city.【注意】关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面。 例:That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 四. 特殊用法1. 只用that不用which 的情况(1)先行词是all, few, little, noth
6、ing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。 例:All that he said is true. (2)先行词被only, no, any, one of等词修饰时。 例:The giant panda is one of the most lovely animals in the world that live in the mountains of China. (3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。 例:The desk is the second thing that I have made. .(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 例:T
7、his is the best book that I have read this year.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。 例:He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.2. 只用which不用that 的情况(1)在非限制性定语从中。 例:The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。 例:The thing about which he is talking is of great im
8、portance.定语从句练习1. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village _ he visited five years ago. A. where B. who C. that 2. The girl _ is reading is my sister A. who B. whom C. which 3. They like to live in a house _ is not very big but bright and comfortable . A. that B. who C. what 4. When she got home, the f
9、irst thing _ she did was to clean the house. A. which B. what C. that 5. Running man is a very relaxing TV program _ is hot among the young people. A. what B. which C. who 6. The photo _ taken by my brother last week is very nice. A. which were B. that wereC. which was7. China has the worlds longest
10、 high-speed railway _ we are proud of. A. that B. which C. what8. Those people and exciting stories _ happened in the movie are well worth learning to us. A. which B. who C. that9. I dont like those _ talk much but do little. A. who B. whoseC. which 10. - Dad, Im hungry. Do we have anything to eat?
11、- You can have some bread _ from the supermarket. Its on the table. A. which I am buying B. that I will buy C. that I bought 11. - What are you going to do this summer vacation? - Im going to start a club to help students _ not interested in schoolwork. A. who is B. that is C. who are 12. - Dont eat
12、 too much junk food. - Youre right. However, I do like the food _ tastes good. A. that B. what C. when13. - Hi, Kimmy. Do you know Jam Hsiao? - Sure. He is a popular singer _ comes from Taiwan. A. who B. which C. Whom14. I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the tr
13、ees. A. which B. where C. that15. I can think of many cases (例子) _ students obviously (明显地) knew a lot of English words and expressions (表达) but couldnt write a good essay (文章). A. why B. which C. where16. - Why does she always ask you for help? - There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to
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