高考英语图表类作文写作技巧讲解(共10页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语图表类作文写作技巧讲解一、 考点分析 图表作文以说明文和议论文为主。考查时要求学生根据所给的图表、数据等进行分析，阅读文字和说明，然后组织语言进行写作，得出令人信服的结论，必要时还要加入个人观点。二、 专题详解1） 文体一：说明文文体特点：（重事实）说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解释说明事物，阐明事理。 它要求语言要简明扼要，客观准确。框架：第一段：概括说明内容 常用的词有：1.table, a pie chart饼图, a bar chart柱状图, graph, survey, picture2.describe, show, repre

2、sent, illustrate, reveal, 3. figure, statistic, number, percentage, proportion常用的开篇句型（即概述图表内容时常用的表达法）:1.The graph/chart/table above shows / describes / illustrates that. 2. From the above graph/chart, it can be seen that3. As shown in the graph / survey, 4.The chart/table shows the differences betwe

3、en5. I launched an inquiry into / I conducted a survey on / to 第二段：描述变化情况并分析引起变化的因素A. 写作关键：1.对比分析，寻找数据的变化规律；2.筛选数据这些数据是否具有典型代表性、是否需要一一列出？一般而言首尾数字以及增减值是必需的；3.强调数据间的关系，突出变化。B. 常用词汇和套语： a.描写数据变化常用套语:增加： 1.There was a great / stable / slight increase /rise in倍数：2.The number /rate has nearly doubled, com

4、pared with that of last year. 3.The number is times as much as that of. 保持不变：4.In 1985, the number remained the same.减少：5. There was a gradualsharp decline in 1989.分别列举：6. The numbers / percentages are andrespectively. b.说明因果关系 表示原因：as / since / due to / owning to / thanks to / because (of) 进一步解释：th

5、at is to say / to put it another way 表示结果：therefore / thus / as a result ( consequence), so that 提示例证：(take)for example / instance, such as (一般不用于句首), 常用套语: 提出第一个原因： The first reason can be seen by every person. The first and most important reason / One of the premier causes is that 解释某一种现象： is the

6、cause of mainly / partially contribute(s) to the tendency of account(s) for the fact / phenomenon 总括性解释原因：There exist reasons, which may account for this difference.The reasons for the phenomenon may be as follows:There are several causes for this significant growth in. 例证：This point can be confirme

7、d by the fact / example of + nn + is a case in point. 第三段：总结归纳 提议提出解决办法结尾常用套语1. In my opinion / Personally / As far as Im concerned2. In short/ In brief/ In a word/ In conclusion /In summary/ To sum up, 3. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that 4. Obviously, if we want t

8、o, it is necessary/ There is no doubt that attention must be paid 2） 文体二：议论文文体特点：（重说理）议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种文体。论证讲求逻辑合理，例证充分。框架：第一段：概括图表内容： 第二段：分析引起变化的因素 （原因）常用连接词:顺序：To begin with . In addition / Furthermore/ Moreover, . First (of all)above all, Second / Then / Next, Finally平行：as well as, together with

9、, not only but also .选择：or , either.or顺接：besides /whats more / in addition /also /moreover /worse still转折： however, but, otherwise (否则)，nevertheless（然而） eg: The result may be unexpected; nevertheless, it is true.对比： while / unlike / by/in contrast, (句间对比)eg: The medical facilities in big cities are

10、mostly advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of lower quality. 条件： if , on the condition ( that ) , as long as , unless让步： though, in spite of (尽管, 对已存在的状况让步)even if （即使，对还没发生的状况让步）第三段：总结归纳 提议提出解决办法其他注意点： 1）图表的参照时间和所使用的单位； 2）从而正确选用时态。一般而言，没有参照时间的表格和图表常用一般现在时，有参照时间的一般选用一

11、般过去式；3）语态上可以选择被动语态，以凸显客观性。例文1：根据以下图画，写一篇英语短文，描述今昔通讯方式的变化，以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。注意：1词数：120左右2生词：通讯：communicate (with sb.) vi. communication n互联网：the Internet n.分析从材料的呈现方式（两幅图对比）及材料所提供的要求“描述变化及影响”可知，本文应该用说明文体来写作。难点：时态一般情况下，说明文应用一般现在时，但本文描述的是今昔通讯方式的变化，所以在描写过去通讯方式的时候要用一般过去时，例如in the past, people kept in touc

12、h with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone 及It used to take several days to hear from each other.在描写过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响时，谓语动词要用现在完成时，例如本文的起始句可用“Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in peoples life in recent years”及讲述影响的过渡句“with these changes, peoples

13、pace of life has been quickened and peoples work has been made more efficient”. 范文:As shown in the pictures, great changes have taken place in the way of communication in peoples life in recent years.In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public tele

14、phone. But now almost everyone has his own mobile phone. People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time. Whats more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like. With these changes, peoples pace of life has be

15、en quickened and peoples work has been made more efficient. It used to take several days to hear from each other, but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are in two different continents.In a word, people have an easier life nowadays.3例文2:假如你在自己的班级就校服问题进行了调查（survey）,下面是调查结果的统计表，请参考该表写一篇题为

16、 Report on the Survey about Our School Uniform 的报告。注意：1. 报告必须包含调查表中的主要内容，可以适当增加细节，使内容连贯。2. 字数120字左右指导：这是属于典型的表格作文，题材贴近考生的生活实际，而且要点已经给出。 步骤一：审题：按照表格的内容写一篇说明文。步骤二：根据要点编写提纲。1. conducted a survey, school uniform, whether they like it;2. majority, 60% of them, fashionable, fancy color, neat and tidy, a s

17、ymbol of student, feel equal, no need to compare blindly;3. feel uncomfortable, dull, old-fashioned, simple style4. have no idea步骤三：将要点扩展成句。1. I conducted a survey about our school uniform. My aim is to learn whether they like it or not.2. The majority like it. 60% of them say it is fashionable. The

18、 color is fancy. They think it is neat and tidy and serves as a symbol of student. Others hold that we feel equal when dressed in uniform. There is no need to compare blindly.3. 30% of my classmates dont like the school uniform. They say they feel it uncomfortable to wear school uniform. The color i

19、s dull. It is old-fashioned. The style is too simple.4. The rest of them have no ideas about it. They feel it hard to decide whether they like it or not.步骤四：运用合适的关联词、过渡语连句成文。最后进行适当的润色和修改。范文： Recently, I conducted a survey among our classmates about our school uniform, aiming to learn whether they li

20、ke it or not. To my relief, the majority like it. 60% of them say it is very fashionable and the color is fancy. They think it is neat and tidy, and whats more, the school uniform is a symbol of student, making us free from blind comparison with each other. However, there are 30% of them who dont re

21、ally like the school uniform. They argue that they feel uncomfortable to wear the uniform. Apart from the dull color, the school uniform is terribly out of fashion and the style is too simple. Also, there are 10% of students who didnt express any ideas about this issue. They just felt it hard to dec

22、ide whether they like it or not. In conclusion, most students in my class are in favor of the school uniform. 练习:I. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是中华中学学生姚平，最近参加了一项研究性学习调研，课题为父母是否以子女为荣。通过调研你校学生及其父母，结果发现

23、双方对此问题的看法有差异（数据如图所示）。根据图表写一份报告，在报告中，你必须：1. 描述调研数据；2. 分析可能导致这一结果的原因。提示： 体裁：议论文（重说理，建议两到三个理由。）模版：第一段：A survey conducted recently indicatesreveals that 第二段：There exist reasons, which may account for this difference. First (of all)above all, Second / Then / Next, Finally第三段：In a word,参考答案： A survey cond

24、ucted recently indicatesreveals that the kids who consider themselves as prides of their parents are less than the parents who are proud of their kids. There exist two reasons, which may account for this difference. First, a lot of Chinese parents will not express directly how much they are proud of

25、 their kids. This tendency to conceal feelings hardly helps children develop a strong sense of self-confidence. Second, the current educational system that focus too much on the value of academic performance has negative effect on kids confidence. They tend to believe that only by achieving excellen

26、t scores can they make their parents proud. This makes kids with different talents or skills to underestimate themselves. In conclusion, it is essential that our parents give their kids more heartily encouragement. And that it is necessary that we change the exam-oriented educational system to culti

27、vate our students into individuals with self-esteem. II.GuidedWriting Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假如你是某校学生会委员，在学校组织了一项有2000多名学生参与的“有烦恼向谁倾诉”的调查活动。请写一份调查报告，内容须包括下表内容以及你对调查结果的看法。要求：题目自拟字数：120150求助对象比例理由同学、朋友60%年龄相仿、易于沟通、老师、家长25%有经验、值得信

28、任、无12%不愿交流沟通、心理热线3%方便、敞开心扉、参考答案：The table above illustrates the result of the survey “To whom do you go when in trouble” conducted in high schools recently. It can be clearly seen that classmates and friends tops the list, adding up to 60%. Teachers and parents ranks second, making up 25%, while tho

29、se who solve the problem on their own accounts for only 12%. The share of the similar experience mainly contributes to the tendency for us to complain to our classmates and friends instead of the older generation. At the same time, a quarter of the kids turn to their teachers and parents for there are experienced and trustworthy. A small portion are unwilling to communicate with others. And 3% kids use Psychic Hotlines as it is convenient and easy to open minds to. To sum up, most kinds talk about mental problems with peers, teachers and parents are second choice. 专心-专注-专业