v钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋施工的线形控制.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流v钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋施工的线形控制.精品文档.钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋的施工控制 孙成贵 纪尊众 铁十四局四处 铁道建筑研究设计院摘要：该文分析了钢管混凝土拱桥施工中影响拱肋线形的主要因素，并介绍了拱肋施工过程中线形控制的方法。关键词：钢管混凝土拱桥 拱肋 施工控制一、前言 钢管混凝土就是将混凝土填充到钢管内形成的一种组合结构材料，它使两种材料既充分发挥了各自的特长，又形成了优势互补，使这种组合材料具有强度高、塑性和韧性好、耐疲劳、抗冲击等优点。同时，由于在施工中钢管既可作为劲性骨架，又可作为混凝土模板的作用，使得施工非常方便、快捷，节约了工程造价

2、，缩短了工期。由于其独特的优点，钢管混凝土拱桥被广泛应用于公路、铁路的桥梁建设中。在钢管混凝土拱桥的施工中，拱肋是施工的难点和重点，如何保证拱肋的施工精度是该桥型受力及稳定的重要环节。二、影响拱肋线形的主要因素拱肋的施工精度控制贯穿于该型桥施工的全过程，分析其施工的整个过程，拱肋线形主要受加工精度、安装方法、温度、风荷载等因素的影响，因此，拱肋的施工控制过程是一个复杂和系统的过程，也是钢管混凝土拱桥施工的重点和难点。三、拱肋线形控制 （一）拱肋的加工控制 在拱肋的加工过程中，杆件的温度变形、焊接的收缩、划线的粗细等均将导致加工的误差，因此，在开工前做充分的技术准备工作，设计工装，编制工艺等，对

3、拱筒的筒体成型、运输单元的组装、焊接、涂装等制定详细的工艺要求和内容，制定详细的制作标准。 质量控制措施。对于拱肋的加工质量，在工艺保证的同时，对拱肋的外型尺寸及焊接质量进行重点控制。1、公差控制。在拱肋制作过程中，划线的粗度、温度变形、焊接收缩以及测量误差均将导致最终加工误差。因此应参阅相关规范制定各工序的交验公差。为确保竣工交验公差，在每工序完工时，设计、施工、工厂三方根据竣工交验公差及阶段实际情况共同拟定过程公差控制数据及方法以控制拱肋的外型尺寸。2、焊接控制。拱肋是一个全焊结构，由于其结构特点，一般采用手工电弧焊接，焊缝等级高，焊接工作量大。因此，应成立专职的焊接工艺组，制定严格的焊接

4、工艺，并实行责任制，焊接完成后，按要求进行探伤检测。 （二）拱肋的预拼装控制 为检验拱段加工尺寸是否符合成桥拱轴精度要求，保证在现场的顺利拼装，在厂内对所有运输单元应进行1：1的预拼，如果场地不容许，也要进行1/2拱肋的分段预拼，通过预拼对不合适的部位进行修整，然后安装定位销、临时连接座和卡具，并对符合要求的拱段进行编号。 1、设置预拼平台 根据拱肋的预拼长度设置混凝土预拼平台，平台浇注时安装预埋件，用以安装支承胎架，每个运输单元用两个胎架，并在平台上设置控制坐标点。 2、拱肋预拼装 在平台的胎架上，对拱肋进行预拼装，接口调整好后安装卡具固定，同时在拱肋管内组焊临时连接座和定位插销。对预拼好后

5、的拱肋进行各项指标的检验，特别是各接口处上、下缘线的坐标值应符合工艺设计值，对不符合者，应进行校正。 3、确定拱肋吊杆孔位依据预拼拱肋的实测值，并考虑焊接收缩、温度 变形等因素，在拱肋上开设吊杆孔。（三）拱肋的安装控制 1、拱脚的安装控制 拱脚是拱肋线形控制的基础，因此，拱脚的施工应注意其几何尺寸位置及拱肋管的轴线尺寸、纵向仰角、横向垂直度，以确保拱肋安装的精度。另外，由于拱脚是与系杆梁、端横梁部分的混凝土一起施工，因此，在浇注混凝土前，应将拱脚进行固定，以防在混凝土施工中的移位,在浇注混凝土时，由于该处钢筋密集，因此，应制定详细的浇注工艺，确保该处的混凝土质量。 2、拱肋的轴线控制 拱肋的施

6、工方法多种多样，常用的有支架施工、无支架施工、转体施工等，再施工中，应根据不同的施工方法，制定相应的具体控制措施。特别是对测量定位、焊接等方面进行控制。 (1)根据桥位地形情况设置贯通的轴线控制点或布置一导线控制网，在拱肋安装的全过程进行轴线测量、监控。 (2)拼装前，应根据拱肋的不同拼装方法，进行拱肋控制点的预拱度设置。如：有支架施工时，应根据加载后支架的变形，设置预拱度；牵索悬拼时，应根据各工况扣索的受力及变形设置预拱度。 (3)测量时，应重视温差而引起的杆件长度变化和侧向变形，应尽量选择日出前或日落后温差最小时，或对拱肋进行洒水降温后，对其测量。 (4)拱肋安装时宜设置竖向及横向微调装置

7、进行精确对位，对位后应及时通过定位销和临时连接装置进行连接，然后施焊。 (5)焊接时，应选择合理的焊接工艺，严格控制焊接产生的侧向变形。 (6)在拱肋拼装过程中，应考虑风荷载的影响，已安装的拱肋宜及时拉设缆风绳，防止拱肋的矢稳，也防止风载对其轴线的精度影响。 4、拱肋的合拢控制 合拢段的施工是拱肋拼装的最后一个环节，也是拱肋线形控制的重点，因此应根据不同的施工方法制定相应的合拢方案，在施工中应注意以下几点： (1)主拱合拢段的加工长度，应留有适当预留切割量，以防在拼装过程中，由于焊接收缩而引起的长度变化。 (2)合拢时，应按照设计要求的合拢温度进行合拢，以防产生温度应力。 (3)针对不同的施工

8、方法，应采用不同的临时锁定措施。平转或悬拼合拢时，宜采用抱箍或套管进行临时锁定；支架施工或竖转合拢时，宜采用管内设锥形套管进行临时锁定。四、拱肋的施工监控 （一）施工监测 在无支架的拱肋拼装过程，拱肋和施工设施（如扣索）等共同受力并且施工中难以控制，因此，在进行轴线及标高跟踪检测的同时，宜对拱肋及临时设施进行应力监控，为施工控制及时提供可靠的数据，也可确保施工安全。另外，拱肋合拢后，在体系转换以及逐步加载过程中，对拱肋受力及变形全面控制，发现问题及时反馈设计，调整施工中各工作面的合理进度，处理意外的不均衡施工状态。对拱肋的施工监测主要内容为：温度监测、应力监测、位移（挠度、轴线）监测等。1、

9、对各主拱肋拱脚进行变位监测，以确定拱座基础是否有位移。 2、对各主拱肋各控制截面（L/8，L/4，L/2）及劲性骨架接头进行线形和位移监测，以便掌握拱肋的真实位移情况。 3、对主拱肋拱脚，L/8，L/4，3L/8、拱顶截面的钢管以及施工受力设施（如扣索）的应力进行监测。4、对主拱肋钢管、管内混凝土、进行温度监测，以获得与线形及位移相对应的大气温度，以及主拱肋箱体温度，为控制的理论分析提供可靠的温度值。 （二）控制实施控制的实施通常是根据实测控制变量的值与理论分析的各施工阶段中间理想目标值的差异，采用一定的方式对结构进行调整。与梁桥的施工监控相比，钢管拱桥施工监控中的预报次要的得多，因为它不存在

10、控制立模标高的问题，所起的作用主要是校核实测值与预测值的吻合程度。通过对造成实测值与理想目标值的差异的原因分析，采用合理的调整方案，最终目标得以实现。五、拱肋的施工精度要求 目前，由于还无钢管拱桥的施工规范，拱肋的施工精度一般都以设计文件的要求或参照公路桥涵技术和施工规范、钢结构工程施工及验收规范、铁路钢桥制造规则及钢管混凝土结构设计与施工规程等之规定进行精度控制。六、结语钢管混凝土拱桥是一种受力合理的桥梁，但也是一种施工精度要求很高的结构。如何在施工过程中对拱肋的每一步进行控制，确保拱肋的线形，是该型桥梁施工的关键和难点，也是保证钢管拱桥安全受力的先决条件，因此，我们在施工过程中需给予高度重

11、视。参考文献：1、钢筋混凝土拱桥施工技术 中国铁道建筑总公司汇编 99、52、四川省公路桥梁学会桥梁学术研讨会论文集 西南交大出版社 96（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules

12、 and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party disci

13、pline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations t

14、he necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on h

15、ow to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and

16、regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the

17、 limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementin

18、g the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the continge

19、nt of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice;

20、the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to

21、clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the d

22、evelopment of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulat

23、ions is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situat

24、ion, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II)

25、 two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revi

26、sed regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qi

27、shan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commiss

28、ion, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the

29、general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people or

30、ganization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Politica

31、l Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and re

32、vision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling

33、party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline re

34、quired specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 20

35、15 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to th

36、e regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipl

37、ine specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on t

38、he positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, f

39、ocusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ru

40、ler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and polit

41、ical rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision o

42、f major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main prob

43、lems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to

44、the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand t

45、o all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, eas

46、y to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, th