wv初期支护及超前支护作业指导书.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流wv初期支护及超前支护作业指导书.精品文档.初期支护及超前支护作业指导书一、初期支护根据葫芦岭隧道地质情况，采用不同的初期支护形式。级围岩拱部180范围内布置中空注浆锚杆，墙部布置砂浆锚杆，挂钢筋网喷射混凝土联合支护；级围岩打设超前小导管，拱部180范围内布置中空注浆锚杆，墙部布置砂浆锚杆，按设计要求架设隔栅钢架，挂钢筋网喷射混凝土联合支护；级围岩地段打设超前小导管或双层小导管，拱部180范围内布置组合式中空注浆锚杆，墙部布置砂浆锚杆，每隔0.6m集中架设型钢钢架，挂双层钢筋网喷射微纤维混凝土联合支护。1 喷射混凝土施工 喷射混凝土必须采用湿

2、喷工艺；混凝土在拌和站使用自动计量配料、强制搅拌机拌和；混凝土搅拌运输车运输；喷射作业采用ZSP-型湿喷机+喷射台架进行喷射作业。喷射工艺达到现行铁路隧道喷锚构筑法技术规范（TB10108-2002）和锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范（GB50086-2001）的有关要求。喷射混凝土施工中的厚度、强度、平整度、密实度等“四度”问题，要高度重视，它是初衬的重要组成部分，特别是强度和钢架背后的密实度问题。彻底改变只要喷上去就行的想法，要以施作二衬时的精心程度来施工喷射混凝土。五尖大山隧道开挖最大跨度14.8m，高度12.7m，V级围岩喷射混凝土12.72m3/m，加上超挖回填和回弹量后约20m3/m，为

3、了保证喷射混凝土的质量（每盘混凝土能在终凝前喷完），我单位首先从设备配置上予以重视，湿喷机大小结合、土洋结合，配一台阿立瓦湿喷机，四台国产的ZSP-型湿喷机。阿立瓦理论生产能力20m 3/h，工地实际的生产能力也就是10m3/h左右，适用于大面积、快速喷射。ZSP-小巧灵活,人工操作，喷嘴自由度大，有利于钢架背后的填塞和小面积喷射，理论产量45m3/h，工地实际生产能力一般为3m3/h，根据我单位2002年施工过的乌鞘岭隧道的配置情况、效果较好，就是投资大一些，同时要重视喷射混凝土的试验工作，避免过程不受控，强度不足，返工重作。 喷射混凝土施工前准备工作连续进行喷射混凝土施工前，对受喷岩面进行

4、处理后再喷射混凝土，并做好以下各项准备工作：一般岩面可用高压水冲洗受喷面上的浮尘、岩屑，当岩面遇水容易潮解、泥化时，宜采用高压风吹净岩面。设置控制喷射混凝土厚度的标志，一般采用埋设钢筋头做标志。检查机具设备和风、水、电等管线路，并试运转。选用的空压机应满足喷射机工作风压和耗风量的要求；压风进入喷射机前必须进行油水分离。 喷射混凝土作业喷射混凝土采用混凝土喷射机连续进行施工。混凝土喷射作业应分段分片依次进行，喷射顺序应自下而上，分段长度不宜大于一次开挖进尺。混凝土喷射按照自下而上的顺序一次施工，分层喷射时，后一层喷射应在前一层混凝土终凝后进行，若终凝1h后再进行喷射时，先用风水清洗喷层表面。在喷

5、射侧壁下部及仰拱时，需将上半断面喷射时的回弹物清理干净，防止将回弹物卷入下部喷层中形成“蜂窝”，从而降低支护强度。喷射混凝土的一次喷射厚度：拱部为5060mm，侧壁为70100mm。初喷混凝土在开挖后及时进行，复喷应根据掌子面的地质情况和一次开挖进尺分层、分时段进行喷射作业，以确保喷射混凝土的支护能力和喷层的设计厚度。喷射混凝土的回弹率：侧壁不应大于15%，拱部不应大于25%。 喷射HLS微纤维混凝土微纤维混凝土采用强制式搅拌机进行拌和，搅拌时先将微纤维、水泥、骨料干拌后再加水湿拌，干拌时间不得少于1.5min。微纤维采用播料机均匀地分散到混合料中，不得成团。喷射作业同一般喷射混凝土作业施工方

6、法。 喷射混凝土养护喷射混凝土终凝2h后，即喷水养护，时间不得少于14d。气温低于+5时不得喷水养护。喷射混凝土施工、养护中各项温度控制由现场试验员具体操作（测温）。2 锚杆施工隧道拱部系统锚杆全部使用中空锚杆，墙部系统锚杆全部使用砂浆锚杆。锚杆宜采用商品锚杆且必须设置垫板，垫板应与基面密贴。砂浆锚杆直径为22mm，砂宜采用中粗砂，最大粒径不得大于2.5mm，使用前过筛清洗，水泥选用P.O 42.5普通硅酸盐水泥，浆液标号不低于设计要求；速凝剂选用合格的速凝剂，所用材料均应达到客运专线铁路隧道工程施工质量验收暂行标准（铁建设2005160号）的有关规定要求。普通砂浆锚杆用砂宜采用中粗砂，最大粒

7、径不得大于2.5mm，使用前过筛清洗，水泥选用P.O 42.5普通硅酸盐水泥，浆液标号不低于设计要求；速凝剂选用合格的速凝剂，所用材料均应达到客运专线铁路隧道工程施工质量验收暂行标准（铁建设2005160号）的有关规定要求。钻孔前按设计图纸标定锚杆孔位。孔深应大于锚杆长度且不得少于10cm，孔径大于杆体直径15mm，钻孔完毕后，孔内积水、积粉及岩碴要吹洗干净。锚杆利用打钻台架，采用风钻打眼，人工安设。锚杆端头安装垫板并与喷混凝土面密贴，设好孔口注浆塞。注浆采用锚杆注浆机，若为砂浆锚杆时则注浆管应先插到距孔底510cm处，并随水泥砂浆的注入缓慢匀速拔出，随即迅速将锚杆插入，若孔口无水泥砂浆溢出，

8、应将杆体拔出重新注浆，始终保持注浆管口埋在砂浆内，以免浆中出现空洞；中空锚杆则直接将输浆管道连接到注浆塞上注浆。注浆开始或中途停止超过30min时，应用水润滑注浆罐及其管路。注浆孔口的压力不得大于0.4MPa。杆体到位后，要用木楔或小石子将孔口卡住，防止杆体滑出。砂浆未达到设计强度的70%时，不得随意碰撞，一般规定三天内不得悬挂重物。锚杆的插入长度不小于设计长度的95%，锚杆安装后，不得随意敲击。锚杆施工完成后，按锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范（GB50086-2001）进行试验和检验。3 钢筋网、钢架施工钢筋网在洞外提前加工成22m钢筋网片，运输至洞内安装焊接在锚杆上。安装时，钢筋网紧贴受喷岩面

9、铺设。钢筋网的混凝土保护层厚度不小于40mm，且与锚杆连接牢固，在进行喷射作业时不颤动。喷射中如有脱落的石块或混凝土块被钢筋网卡住时，应及时清除。型钢钢架在洞外的加工厂内进行加工，加工前先按11的比例进行放样，确定主要杆件的下料尺寸。型钢钢架利用定位胎架焊接成型，每榀钢架加工完成后应放在水泥地面上试拼，钢架周边拼装允许误差为3cm，平面翘曲应小于2cm。焊接不得有假焊，焊缝表面不得有裂纹、焊瘤等缺陷。经检查加工拱度满足要求后存放于构件场内备用。型钢钢架利用平板车运进洞内，装载机人工配合逐榀安装。主要施工技术要求：型钢钢架、挂网应在隧道开挖并初喷4cmHLS微纤维混凝土后进行。型钢钢架和钢筋网片

10、的钢筋种类、型号、直径和间距等应符合设计要求。钢架架设时应采用定位筋确定正确位置，安装时各节钢架联结牢固、位置正确，钢筋网铺设平整，与钢架联结牢固，网片之间搭接长度不小于200mm。为保证钢架整体受力，按设计要求设置纵向连接钢筋。连接筋为22钢筋，间距0.6m，与钢架的连接点焊接牢固。分部开挖法施工时，钢架拱脚应打设直径为42mm的锁脚钢管，钢管壁厚t=3.5mm，长度3.0m，数量为4根。下半部开挖后钢架应及时落底接长，封闭成环。钢架应与喷混凝土形成一体，钢架与围岩间的间隙应用喷混凝土充填密实，严禁片石填充；各种形式的钢架应全部被喷射混凝土覆盖，保护层厚度不得小于4cm。钢架加工与安设误差要

11、求表加工允许误差矢高弧长+20mm，0mm+20mm，0mm拼装允许误差宽度高度平曲翘曲20mm30mm20mm安设允许误差横向位置和高程两榀钢架间距垂直度50mm50mm24 初期支护表面质量检查 喷射混凝土厚度通过量测预埋钢筋头的长度的方法检查，其平均厚度不应小于设计厚度，厚度检查点数的80及以上大于设计厚度，最小厚度不小于设计厚度的2/3。对不够设计厚度地段必须加喷。初期支护表面不能有空鼓、裂缝、松酥等现象，若有必须使用喷混凝土（或砂浆）对基面进行找平处理。喷射混凝土表面平整度用自动断面仪测量断面轮廓来进行检查，表面平整度允许偏差为100mm。二、超前支护1 超前小导管 超前小导管布置在

12、拱部范围内，其环向间距为3根/m，外插角为510，每组导管长度3.5m，两组搭接长度不小于1.0m。小导管直径为42，壁厚为4mm，管材采用无缝钢管，其前端加工成尖锥型，管身每隔10cm钻一直径为8mm的小孔，并沿管身呈梅花型均匀布置。导管尾端80cm留作止浆段。 小导管利用台车或风钻钻孔，钻孔前先喷混凝土8cm封闭掌子面，其后按设计范围、间距准确地定出管口位置。钻孔时按要求的外插角开孔，钻进至设计孔深后利用高压风吹净孔眼内的粉尘及岩石碎屑，人工锤击或风钻钎尾顶入小导管。小导管管口用麻丝或塑性胶泥封堵，防止浆液从孔口溢出。小导管采用水泥砂浆，注浆参数为：水灰比（重量比）1：1，注浆压力一般为0

13、.8Mpa。施工时可根据具体情况调整注浆参数。 小导管的安装方法：在预定的位置，用沾有CS胶泥的麻丝缠绕成不小于孔径的纺锤形柱塞。把管子插入孔内，带好丝扣保护帽，再用冲击设备把管子打入到要求的深度，使麻丝柱塞与孔壁充分挤压紧。然后再用CS胶泥填充孔口。注浆管的外露长度为50cm，以便连接孔口阀门和管路。 超前小导管施工劳动力组织：加工组：37人，分工制作小导管及临时支护材料。电工及机械司机：47人，分管空压机、注浆泵、搅拌机等。打管工班：69人，负责钻孔、打管。注浆工班：12人，分管注浆及封闭开挖面工作。小导管注浆主要机具设备详见下页表。2 25超前中空注浆锚杆 超前锚杆在隧道级围岩需超前支护

14、地段设置，布置在拱部范围内，锚杆采用25中空注浆锚杆，其环向间距为25cm，外插角为510，锚杆长度3.5m，纵向每2榀格栅钢架打1环锚杆，每环锚杆共61根，总长度为213.5m。锚杆宜采用商品锚杆且必须设置垫板，垫板应与基面密贴。小导管注浆主要机具设备表序号机具名称规格数量单位备注1钻机1台钻孔2游锤自制10把打管3吹风管20钢管1把吹孔4注浆泵双液泵2台注浆用5拌合机2台6混合器1个7注浆桶2个盛放浆液8浆液桶2个测浆液浓度9玻美度计2个试验10量杯3个11水桶3个12胶管高压管1个注浆用13木尺按浆液桶大小制1把计测浆液量 钻孔前先标定钻孔位置。孔深误差不大于5cm，孔径大于杆体直径15

15、mm，钻孔完毕后，孔内积水、积粉及岩碴要吹洗干净。 锚杆利用打钻台架，采用风钻打眼，人工安设。锚杆端头安装垫板并与喷混凝土面密贴，设好孔口注浆塞。 注浆采用锚杆注浆机，直接将输浆管道连接到注浆塞上注浆。注浆开始或中途停止超过30min时，应用水润滑注浆罐及其管路。注浆孔口的压力不得大于0.4MPa。 杆体到位后，要用木楔或小石子将孔口卡住，防止杆体滑出。砂浆未达到设计强度的70%时，不得随意碰撞，一般规定三天内不得悬挂重物。锚杆安设后，不得随意敲击。 锚杆的插入长度不小于设计长度的95%，锚杆安装后，不得随意敲击。锚杆施工完成后，按锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范进行试验。（英文版 ） Two re

16、gulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major i

17、nitiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on verti

18、cal gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of th

19、e two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised th

20、e necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the

21、 wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people

22、 reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys

23、 eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the part

24、y strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions ex

25、cessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, on

26、ly needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet

27、the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, dama

28、ge the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment

29、. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Par

30、ty of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the

31、Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment

32、clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party co

33、mmittee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit th

34、e provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Di

35、scipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revis

36、ed draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implemen

37、t the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the la

38、w, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousn

39、ess, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fif

40、th Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere

41、 to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulat

42、ions governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-

43、discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the

44、strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the pre

45、sent stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisi

46、ons of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members