高考英语阅读理解-说明文8篇真题训练(共29页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语复习 阅读理解专练说明文8篇Passage 1(2017北京,C)Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine m

2、ovement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are

3、in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who cant be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work.But herd immunity works only when n

4、early the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.Thats exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to B

5、rooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不

6、参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for op

7、ting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.1.Th

8、e first two paragraphs suggest that.A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD.information about measles spreads quickly2.Herd immunity works well when.A.exemptions are allowedB.

9、several vaccines are used togetherC.the whole neighborhood is involved inD.new regulations are added to the state laws3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A.The overuse of vaccine.B.The lack of medical care.C.The features of measles itself.D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.4.Wha

10、t is the purpose of the passage?A.To introduce the idea of exemption.B.To discuss methods to cure measles.C.To stress the importance of vaccination.D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.Passage 2(2017天津,A)Suppose youre in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and yo

11、u send an email that could get you in trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after youve clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.What to do?Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.Clicking “send”too soonDont waste your time trying to find out if the receiv

12、er has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong nameThe sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep

13、 the tone measured:dont handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).Clicking “reply all”unintentionallyYou accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would pr

14、efer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday youd like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conv

15、ersation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message to its subjectThe most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to th

16、e person youre discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensiblysee it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.1.After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel .A.curiousB.

17、tiredC.awfulD.funny2.If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to .A.apologise in a serious mannerB.tell the receiver to ignore the errorC.learn to write the name correctlyD.send a short notice to everyone3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply

18、 all”email?A.Try offering other choices.B.Avoid further involvement.C.Meet other staff members.D.Make a light-hearted apology.4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.B.By seeking support from the receivers friends.C.By askin

19、g the receiver to control his anger.D.By talking to the receiver face to face.5.What is the passage mainly about?A.Defining email errors.B.Reducing email mistakes.C.Handling email accidents.D.Improving email writing.Passage 3(2017天津,D)I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting.

20、 But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours?To understand the issue, lets take a look at three types of “waits”.The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen

21、sink(洗碗池)as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until its full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait

22、 makes the waiter helpless and mindless.A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific.“Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove f

23、rom heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike

24、the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.Turning ones life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mi

25、xes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesnt come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time youre standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while

26、 cooking noodle soup that youll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, dont be desperate. Youre probably just as busy as the next guy.1.While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to.A.keep ourselves busyB.get absent-mindedC.grow anxiousD.stay focused2.What is the difference between

27、 the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?A.The Forced Wait requires some self-control.B.The Forced Wait makes people passive.C.The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.D.The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.3.What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?A.It is less voluntary than the Forced Wa

28、it.B.It doesnt always bring the desired result.C.It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.D.It doesnt give people faith and hope.4.What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?A.Take it seriously.B.Dont rely on others.C.Do something else.D.Dont lose heart.5.The author supports h

29、is view by.A.exploring various causes of “waits”B.describing detailed processes of “waits”C.analyzing different categories of “waits”D.revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”Passage 4(2017浙江,B)Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by th

30、e National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school. How

31、much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or

32、 eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown Un

33、iversity Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult characteristics,

34、but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. S

35、tudents, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.American kids sleeping habits.B.Teenagers sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds ne

36、ed every day?A.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.B.They tend to do things that excite them.C.They follow their parents examples.D.They dont need to go to school early.Passage 5(2017课标全国,C)S

37、ome of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its

38、potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz

39、, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like its not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radios reporter Neal Conan.“What Im hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger s

40、tart to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. Its actually color, and its actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It h

41、as to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Wallers music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me, its the

42、recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wide

43、r context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What do

44、es the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains black a

45、nd white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of JazzB.The Rise and Fall of JazzC.The Story of a Jazz MusicianD.Celebrating the Jazz DayPassage 6(2016课标,C)If you are a fruit groweror would li

46、ke to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around. Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and

47、 often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it does

48、nt taste of anything special, its still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit