人教版八年级上册英语知识点(共24页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上人教版八年级上册英语知识点Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?重点短语go on vacation去度假 stay at home 待在家里 go to the mountains 去爬山 go to the beach 去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 quite a few 相当多 study for 为而学习 go out 出去 most of the time 大部分时间 taste good 尝起来很好吃 have a good time 玩得高兴 of course 当然 feel like 给的感觉；感受到

2、 go shopping 去购物 in the past 在过去 walk around 四处走走 because of 因为 one bowl of 一碗 the next day 第二天 find out 找出；查明 go on 继续 take photos 照相 something important 重要的事 up and down 上上下下 come up 出来 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 taste + adj. 尝起来 look+adj. 看起来 seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外

3、什么都没有arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地 decide to do sth. 决定去做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（做了） forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 （未做） enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 want to do sth. 想去做某事 start doing sth. 开始做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth. 继续做

4、某事 Why not do. sth.? 为什么不做呢？ so+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快语法讲解1、something interesting有趣的东西复合不定代词：1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。som

5、ewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后； something special; somewhere wonderful.3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？ 4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：Did you do anything intere

6、sting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）Why dont you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）If anything happens, please tell me. 如果有事情发生，请告诉我。用不定代词或不定副词填空： 1. I cant hear anything = I can hear _. 2. There is _ on the floor. Please pick it up. 3. Did _ go to play basketball with you ? 4. I phoned you last night,

7、 but _ answered it. 5. Maybe _ put my pencil _. I cant find it _. 单选 1. No one _ how to do it. A.know B. knows C. knowing D. knew 2. Everything_OK, isnt it? A. was B. are C. and D. is 3. Theres_in the newspaper. You should read it. A. important something B. something boring C. boring something D. so

8、mething important.2. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.(翻译)_ arrive为不及物动词，意为_,arrive in 到达+大地方（国家 省 市） arrive at 到达+小地方（机场 商店等) get to 到达+地方 reach 到达+地方 The Smiths_ New York at 8:00 last night. A.arrived at B. got to C.reach D.arrived 3. so we decided to go to the beach nea

9、r our hotel. (翻译)_ decide为及物动词，意为决定，决心。决定做某事：_. 4. My sister and I tried paragliding. （翻译）_ try to do sth.意为_;try doing sth.意为_ We shouldnt try _(study) English, we should try _(study) English. 5.I felt like I was a bird.(翻译)_ _. feel like意为_后常接_.另外feel like还意为_Do you feel like a cup of tea? 6.I won

10、der what life was like here in the past.（翻译）_ wonder为及物动词，意为“想知道”，后常接疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。I wonder _ you are doing.(我想知道你正在做什么。) 7.What a difference a day makes! 感叹句，结构为What +名词+主语+谓语！感叹句的结构补充：_ 8. We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. _ 为等候 ,后接人或物。_为太多，后接可数名词复

11、数; _+不可数名词（money）; _为太后接形容词或副词（big） 8 .My father didnt bring enough money. Enough“足够”后可接_，其形式分别为_；_。 (adj/adv)enough+ (n) to do sth. 足够去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。= She is too young to go to school. (too to :太 而不能)=She is so

12、young that she cant go to school.so+adj/adv+that 从句 “如此.以至于.”：She is so popular that everyone likes her.so that 从句 “为了” 如：He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus.9.few与little 的区别：修饰肯定否定许多可数a few一些few几乎没有quite a few/not a few不可数a little一些little几乎没有quite a little/ not a little如：There is li

13、ttle sugar in the bottle. Can you get some?10. bored (adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人；boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。 如：I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。相类似的词语还有 interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised 修饰人interesting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising 修饰物11. because of + 名词/代词/名短 I

14、had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因because +从句 I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。课后练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. I didnt find _ ( someone ) there. 2. Is there _( something ) important in todays newspaper? 3. Look! There is _ ( anybody ) at home. The light is on. 4. Amy _ ( meet ) a famous actor yeste

15、rday. 5. There _ ( be ) forty-five students in our class last term. 6. Miss Green _ ( come ) to China in 2008. 7. Little Tom _ ( be ) here a moment ago. 8. She _ ( buy ) a new bag yesterday. 二、单项选择 ( )1. -_ you _ to the movies？ - Yes, I did. A. Did went B. Did go C. Are went ( )2. - How was your wee

16、kend? - Great! We _ a picnic in the park. A. have B. has C. had ( )3. Mrs Green with her little daughter _ at home _ that rainy night. A. was on B. were on C. was at ( )4. - Who told you to clean the windows? -Miss Wang _ A. told B. did C. has told ( )5. - Do you always _ to the zoo? - Yes, I _ yest

17、erday. A. go go B. go went C. went go ( )6. - _ there any koalas in the zoo last year? - No, there _. A. Are arent B. Were wasnt C. Were werent ( )7.- Did you go with _? - Yes, I did. A. someone B. anyone C. somebody ( )8. - Did you buy _ special? - No, I didnt. A. something B. some things C. anythi

18、ng 三、句型转换 1Lucy played computer games yesterday. ( 改为一般疑问句 ) _ Lucy _ computer games yesterday? 1. We went to the Palace Museum. ( 对划线部分提问 ) _ _ you _? 2. There was someone here just now. （ 改为否定句 ） _ . 3. She played volleyball just now. （ 改为否定句 ） She _ _ 4. volleyball just now. They ate a lot of ice

19、 cream. ( 对划线部分提问 ) _ _ they _? 5. My vacation was pretty good. ( 对划线部分提问 ) _ _ your vacation? Unit2 How often do you exercise?such as例如；诸如 junk food n.垃圾食品；无营养食品 more than超过；多于； less than不到；少于 help with housework 帮助做家务 on weekends 在周末 how often 多久一次 hardly ever 几乎从不 once a week 每周一次twice a month 每月

20、两次 be free 有空 go to the movies 去看电影 swing dance 摇摆舞 stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚 at least 至少 have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early 早点睡觉 play sports 进行体育活动 be good for 对有好处 go camping 去野营notat all 一点儿也不 in ones free time 在某人的业余时间 the most popular 最受欢迎的 old habits die hard 积习难改 help sb. with s

21、th. 帮助某人做某事 How about? .怎么样？want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 Its+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的的。 ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事 by doing sth. 通过做某事 Whats your favorite? 你最喜爱的是什么？the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式重点语法 (一) 重点句型 1.-What do you usually do on weekends? -I often go to the movi

22、es. (1) on weekends/on the weekend在周末 (2) go to the movies 去看电影 2. hardly ever 几乎从不 hardly ever 相当于 hardly, ever起强调作用。hardly为副词，意为“几乎不没有”，相当于almost not，本身具有否定含义，不能再使用其他否定词。 E.g. She hardly eats anything. 辨析: hardly 和hard hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。 hardly意为“几乎不” 练习：(1) The ground is too

23、 to dig (2) I can understand them. (3) Its raining ,the people can go outside. 3. -How often do you watch TV? -Twice a week. (1) how often 意为“多久一次，多长时间一次”，用来提问频率。 (2) twice a week 一周两次 拓展: 一次 once 两次 twice 三次或三次以上 基数词+ times eg. three times four times 4. Whats your favorite program? = What program d

24、o you like best? 你最喜欢的节目是什么？ 5. How come?怎么回事？怎么会？ 表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句。相当于疑问词why。但how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍是陈述语序。 E.g. How come you didnt tell me about it? = Why you didnt tell me about it? 6. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我也许一个月去看一次电影。 maybe 副词，意为“或许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。 E.g. Maybe he know

25、s the way to the park. 辨析：maybe 与 may be maybe副词，作状语，意为“或许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。 may be 属于“情态动词+be 动词”结构，意为“可能是”。 练习：(1) The baby is crying she is hungry. (2) The woman a teacher . 7. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. ask ab. about sth. 询问某人某事 ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人（不要）做

26、某事8. We all know that many students often go online, but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week. 我们都知道许多学生经常上网，但是让我们感到惊讶的是90%的学生每天都上网，而另外10%的学生一周至少上网达三至四次。 (1) other adj. “其他的”+名词 the other adj. “其他的”

27、+名词(在特定的范围内) one., the other. 一个.另一个 . E.g. One of them is blue，the other ones are purple. others 其他的东西 the others: 其他的东西(在特定的范围内) E.g. One of the children likes reading，the others like singing. 后句可替换为the other students like singing. (2) at least 至少 at most 最多，至多 E.g. I have ten yuan in my pocket at

28、 most. 9. go shopping 意为“去购物”。Go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如：Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 10. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.关于看电视的调查结果也十分的有趣。 the answers to our questions 问题的答案 dance to the music 和着音乐的节奏跳舞 key to the lock 这把锁的钥匙

29、 11. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular. 尽管许多学生喜欢看体育节目，但是娱乐节目是最流行的。 12. It is good to relax by using the Internet of watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 通过使用因特网看娱乐节目来放松很不错，但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼来放松。 (1) Its +adj.+to do st

30、h 做某事.的 E.g. Its very easy to learn English well. (2) by doing sth. 通过做某事 (3) the best way to do sth. is做某事的最好方式13. It is healthy for the mind and the body. 这有益于身心健康。 stay healthy = keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康 14. Old habits die hard. 旧习难改。 15.You can spend time with your friends and fam

31、ily as you play together.spend spend.with sb与.度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family花费（时间、钱）spend.(in) doing sth e.g. He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine. spend.on sth e.g. He spent 20 yuan on the magazine.辨析：spend, take, cost, pay区别1) . spend主语为人，固定搭配：sb spend.on sth或sb spend.(in) doing sth，可

32、以指花费时间、也可以指花费金钱2). take 用于 it takes sb . to do sth句型，仅指花费时间，必须用it作形式主语。3). cost主语必须是物，用于 sth costs sb sth，多指花费金钱。4). pay主语为人，常与for搭配：(1)pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买(2)pay for sth. 付的钱。(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine.The magazine cost him 20 yuan.He

33、 paid 20 yuan for the magazine.(二)语法知识: 频度副词 1. 频度副词的含义 (1) 表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。 常用的频度副词按高低依次: always usually sometimes seldom hadly ever never 100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0% (2) 表示具体的频率、次数时，一次用once，两次用twice，三次或三次以上用“基数词+times”表示E.g. three times, four times, six times 2. 频度副词在句中的位置：一般在实意动词之前，be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后

34、E.g. We never eat junk food. Lucy is sometimes very busy. I can hardly say a word. 3. 对频度副词提问时，用how often E.g. -How often do you go to the movies? -Once a monthUnit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.重点短语1、more outgoing 更外向 2、asas 与一样 3、make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 4、be similar to 与相像的/类似的 5、the same as 和相

35、同；与一致 6、be different from 与不同 7、care about 关心；介意 8、be like a mirror 像一面镜子 9、the most important 最重要的 10、as long as 只要；既然 11、bring out 使显现；使表现出 12、get better grades 取得更好的成绩 13、reach for 伸手取 14、in fact 事实上；实际上 15、make friends (with sb) （与.）交朋友 16、the other 其他的17、touch ones heart 感动某人 18、be talented in

36、music 有音乐天赋 19、be good at 擅长 20、be good with 善于与相处 21、have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣 22、be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 23、Its+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事的。重点语法 (一) 重点句型 1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。 both (1) 表示“两者都”， both用在含有be动

37、词的句中，应放在be动词的后面；用在含有行为动词的句中，应放在行为动词的前面， (2) bothand表示“两者都”，both.and在句中连接并列成分，如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等，位置比较灵活。 E.g. Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语) The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(连接谓语)【考例】My parents _ doctors. A. both are B. all are C. are all D. are both 拓展：all表示“三者或三者以上全都

38、”的意思，every指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。 练习：用all,both,every,each填空 1) My brothers and I are _l at school. 2) _ student may have one book. 3) _Tom and Jim are my good friends. 4) Three students are flying kites,they are_ in Class 1. 2. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。 as.as意为“与一样”，as.as中间

39、接形容词或副词的原级。其否定结构not as/so.as意为“不如”。 E.g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高。 Tom gets up as early as Jim. 汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。 Lucy isnt as outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。 注意：(1) 其否定式为not as/so +adj./adv. +as。 E.g. This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. (2) 若有修饰成分，如twice, three times, half, a quart

40、er等，则须置于第一个as之前。 E.g. Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。 3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。 win此处用作不及物V，意为“赢；获胜”；win还可用作及物V，意为“赢得；在中获胜”，此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。 E.g. He won the first prize. Who won the race？ 辨析：win与beat win表示“赢得；获胜”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。 E.g. We won the basketball game. beat表示“打赢；战胜”，用于比赛时，其