高考英语动词的时态及语态讲解(共56页).docx

《高考英语动词的时态及语态讲解(共56页).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语动词的时态及语态讲解(共56页).docx（56页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语动词的时态及语态讲解： 高中常考的动词时态：一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在does/do被动:is/am/are doneis/am/are doing被动: is/am/are being donehas/have done被动: has/have been donehas/have been doing被动： /过去did被动: was/were donewas/were doing被动: was/were being donehad done被动: had been donehad been doing被动： /将来will/shall doi

2、s/am/are going to do被动: will be donebe going to be donewill/shall be doingwill have done过去将来would/should do被动: would be done二：专题讲解一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时1、一般现在时主动：does/do时间状语：today, everymorning/night/evening/day/week/year, always,usually, often,sometimes, seldom, seldom, never, occasionally,from time tot

3、ime, at present, twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month,hardly,ever,never.被动：is/am/are done(1) 表示主语现在的特征或状态，性格，能力，爱好等。w She is quite well today.w Tom has a good sense of humor.(2) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的时间状语连用w I go to school by bus every day. w He does excise twice a week.(3) 表示客观事实或普遍真理。w Ligh

4、t goes faster than sound.w The physics teacher told us that light goes faster than sound.w Columbus proved that the earth is round. 在宾语从句中，对于客观真理、自然现象和言语时，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。(4) 表示格言或警句中。w Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。(5) 在某些剧本、解说、书报标题，球赛现场报道，或当句子为倒装句（以here,there等开头），常用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。w Look! Her

5、e comes the bus. w There goes the bell/Here comes Mr. Wang. w PEACE TALKS FAIL. 和谈失败。(6) 在when, before, after, as soon as, once, until等引导的时间状语从句和if, unless引导的条件状语从句中，一般用一般现在时表示将来，而不用一般将来时。w It wont be long before the rain stops.w If Bob stays away from the junk food,hewillbeingoodhealth.w Ill write

6、to you as soon as I arrive there. w When I graduate Ill go to the countryside. w There will be a picnic unless it rains tomorrow. (7) 表说话时状态和感觉或结果的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时，只用一般现在时，而不用进行时态。感官动词：hear,see,taste,notice,smell,feel;表示态度感情的动词： like,dislike, love,hate,fear,agree,believe, heat,care,forget,mind,underst

7、and;表占有： belong,have(拥有),want,own,possess; 表心理状态： feel,want,prefer,wish,believe,know,mean,realize,think,remember;表存在状态和持续： look,owe,be (is，am，are), seem, suppose.w I hear someone singing.我正听见有人唱歌。w Do you see anyone over there?你看到那里有什么人吗？w What does he think of it?他觉得这怎么样？w It doesnt matter. Does it

8、 hurt? (感觉结果)(8) 表将来时间 表示按时间表、计划将要发生的动作，已确定或安排好的事情，用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。主语通常是事物，且句中常带有时间状语。表示往返位移的动词：go, come, leave, arrive, drive, fly, move, return, ride, sail表示开始结束的动词：begin, close, end, open, start, stopw He starts next week. 他下个星期出发。w We leave very soon. 我们很快就离开。w The train starts at 10 oclock in t

9、he morning. 火车将在早上10点开出。w When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. w The plane takes off at 11:30. (不受主观支配的计划) 若主语是人，多用现在进行时或将来进行时表已确定的计划。w Im taking four courses next semester. w We have invited the Browns. They are coming to dinner. w Dont call be after seven because Ill be studying in t

10、he library? (9) 谓语动词是hope，take care that，make sure that等后的宾语仍句中，用一般现在时表示将来。w I hope they have a nice time next week.w Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave here.练习1. The father as well as children _ every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 2. Send my

11、regards to your lovely wife when you _ home. A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write 3. Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered 4.I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mo

12、bile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he _ home for dinner.A.come B.comes C.hascome D.willcome填空：1. He proved that the earth _ (move) around the sun. 2.Thegirl_(teach)us English on Sundays. 3.Hewill call you as soon as he _(get ) home. 翻译：1. 父亲每天早晨都浇花。2. 我女儿喜欢看电视和听音乐。3. 我最喜欢的课是英语4.我爸爸周日早上

13、看报纸2、现在进行时: 当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。主动：is/am/are doing被动：is/am/are being done时间状语：now,rightnow,atthismoment,atpresent,thisweek,thesedays,感叹号型：Look! Listen!(1) 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。w We are waiting for you.w They are talking now. w They are working these days.(2) 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。w Mr. Gre

14、en is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)(3) 有些“移动”动词用现在进行时表示将来的动作，这类的动词有：go，come，leave，fly，move，start，begin，arrive，stay，get，do，have，meet，play，return，see，spend，stay，work，return 等。w He is flying Beijing. 他将要飞往北京。w Mike is coming home on Thursday.迈克星期四回来w I am spending next week in Sanya. 我将要在三亚

15、度过下周。w Im coming. 我就来了。w Were going to Shanghai next week.w Mr. Black is leaving for London in a few days.(4) 与always, constantly, forever, often 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观感情色彩。w You are always changing your mind.w The heating is forever going off for no reason. 供暖设备不知怎么的常常停止工作。w He is always

16、 thinking of how he could do more for the people. w He is constantly leaving his things about.练习：单选1.Look!He_theirmotherdothehousework.A.is helping B. are help C. is help D. is helping2.Dont talk here. My mother_.A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep3. Danny _.Dont call him.A. will wri

17、te B.is writing C. writing D. writes4.When _he _back?Sorry, I dont know.A. does, come B. are coming C. is come D .is coming填空1、 Its ten oclock. My mother _(lie)in bed.2、 We _(play)games now.3、 What _you_(do) these days?4、 Who_(sing)in the next room?5、The girl_(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She _(wea

18、r)a red sweater today.翻译：1. 你为什么总是犯错?2. 这几天他们正在山上种树。3. 这个夏季火车几乎天天晚点。2、一般将来时: 表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常出现的动作或状态。主动：shall/will do be going to do 被动：will be donebe going to be done时间状语：tomorrow, next week, next year, soon, in three days, from now one, in the future, soon, before long对将来要发生的动作或状态有多种表达方

19、式，以下为几种常见的表达方式： shall（主语为第一人称）will do(带有一定的情态意义的“意图”，带有意愿的感情色彩) We will visit the nature museum tomorrow. I will/shall have an exam in three days. be going to do (表示“打算”) 主语是人，表示说话人的看法；主语是物，有迹象表明将要发生或者即将发生某种情况。 He is going to do some shopping in the nearest supermarket tomorrow morning. Its going to

20、 rain soon. There are going to have a party. be to do (表示“按计划安排要发生的动作”，官方的，不改变的计划) The play is to be performed next Friday evening该出戏剧将于下周五晚上演。 The Expo is to be held in Shanghai. be about to do (表示“即刻要发生的动作”，后面不跟时间状语。 ) The plane is about to take offSo the passengers are asked to turn off their mob

21、ile phones We are about to leave. 【拓展】(1) 一般现在时与现在进行时也能用来表示将来时间，但是仅限于少数表示位置转移的动作动词，如：come、go、leave、arrive、fly、start等，意为：“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人。而且，一般现在时表示计划或时问表规定要发生的动作，具有定时性，不可更改；而现在进行时虽也表示计划中的安排，但可以改变。如： Im leaving tomorrow. The flight to Beijing leaves at 10 a.m.飞往北京的航班定于十点起飞。 The flight to Beijing i

22、s leaving in ten minutes飞往北京的航班再过十分钟就要起飞了。(2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。(这就是我们常说的“主将从现”) If he doesnt invite me, I wont go to the party I will call you as Soon as she tells me the exact time for the meeting(3) 谓语动词是hope，take care that, make sure that等后的宾语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 I hope they have a nice time

23、 next week.练习1、选择1) - _ leave at the end of this month.- I dont think you should do that until _ another job.A. Im going to; youd found B. Im going to; youve foundC. Ill; youll find D. Ill; youd find2) No one _ this building without the permission of the police.A. is leaving B. is to leave C. has le

24、ft D. will be leaving2、填空1) If their marketing plans succeed, they_（increase） their sales by 20 percent. 2) I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he_ （come）home for dinner.3) Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026_（tak

25、e）off at 18:20.4) Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_.（take off）3、翻译1) 我打算高中毕业后主修电子工程专业。（major in）2) 明天他们将在课堂上进一步讨论这个题目。（further）3) 当地政府将努力向儿童提供良好的教育。（provide）4) 我们将举行晚会庆祝他五十大寿。（in honor of）5) 我打算在明天的会议上发表我对这个事件的个人看法。（present v.）练习题：单选( ) 1. Where is the morning paper? I

26、_ it for you at once.A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( )2. _ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 3. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 4. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wo

27、nt rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 5. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park.A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go( ) 6. There _ a birthday party this Sunday.A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will

28、 going to be( ) 7. They _ an English evening next Sunday.A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have( ) 8. Is honesty the best policy? We_that it is when we are little.A.will teachB.teachC.are taughtD.will be taught( ) 9. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasnt a

29、llowed _into the sports club.A.goingB.togoC.goD.gone( ) 10. Only with the greatest of luck _to escape from the rising flood waters.A. managed sheB. she managedC. did she manageD. she did manage( ) 11. I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.I know. By next month, he _enough for a use done.A.will

30、have savedB.will be savingC.has savedD. saves( ) 12. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldnt enter the house,for he_his key at school.A.had leftB.would leaveC.was leavingD.has left( ) 13. The school board is made up of parents who _to make decisions about school affairs.A.had been electedB. ha

31、d elected C.have been electedD.have elected( ) 14. Did you expect Frank to come to the party? No, but I had hoped _.A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come二、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去进行时和过去完成时4、一般过去时：主动：did时间状语：just now, yesterday, yesterday morning, last Sunday, last week, last mont

32、h last year, one month ago, a few minutes ago, a moment ago, in 1999, in the past, 频度副词usually, often 等被动：was/were done(1) 表示在过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态w I went to school on foot yesterday.w You were absent from school two days ago.“过去”的概念并不是只指如“yesterday，lastweek，”等，实际上“与现在对立的过去”，亦即“非现在的以前”，哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟

33、之前”，只要所要表达的时间与说话时的“现在”形成对立，就必须使用一般过去时来表达。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often，always等表示频率的时间状语连用。表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。(2) 表示过去一段时间内，经常或反复的动作。常与always,often, never等连用。w You often went climbing when you were a little boy.比较w Tom always carried an umbrella. (只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她是否常带着伞。) w Tom always carr

34、ies an umbrella 。Tom老是带着伞。说明这是习惯，现在还习惯总带着一把伞w Tom is always carrying an umbrella. Tom总是带着一把伞。(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦) (3) 谈到已故的人的情况多用过去时w Lu Xun was a great writer.(4) 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。此时，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。w The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died. (5) 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要

35、用used to do(过去常常做，而不那样做了) w He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。(意味着他不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了) w I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着不在早晨散步了) 比较： w I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。(只是说明过去这一动作) (6) 叙述没有过去具体时间的，但实际上是过去发生的动作或存在的状态。w I never thought you arrived here on time.w What did you say?(7)

36、 在时间、条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。w Alice said she would come if I promised to wait for her.选择( ) 1. Lee _ his mobile phone at home.A. leave B. leaves C. leaved D. left( ) 2. Mr. Black was latebecause he _ his way.A. losted B. lose C. loses D. lost ( ) 3. Will you please say it again? I _ quite _ you.A. didnt, h

37、ear B. dont, heard C. didnt, heard D. dont, hear( ) 4. Have you seen him today? Yes, I _ him this morning.A. seeing B. see C. sees D.saw( ) 5. He _ worried when he heard the news. A. Is B.was C. does D. did( )6. Sorry, I cant open the door, for I the key to it.A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have los

38、t( ) 7. Its good to see you again, Agnes. This has been our first chance to visit since _ from Iran.A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning填空：1. It was raining hard when he _ (get)home.2. She said her brother wasnt in Beijing. He _(go)to Japan on business last week.3.As he wa

39、lked along the lake, he _(sing)happily4.She said she _(arrive ) at Shanghai next week 翻译：1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。2.Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。5、过去进行时主动：was/were doing被动：was/were being done时间状语：thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while(just)then, atthis/thattime, yesterdayaf

40、ternoon,（at）thistimeyesterday1. 概念：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。w I was doing the homework all day yesterdayw When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.2. 过去进行时用法：(1) 但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。w What were you doing at nine l

41、ast night?w I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon.w They were playing football at this time yesterday.(2) 过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常与thosedays,thewholemorning,from8:00to12:00lastnight等时间状语连用。w From1983to1998, he was teaching at Yale.w They were building a bridge last winter.w He was writing

42、 a book those days.(3) 过去进行时与频度副词always, forever,continually,constantly等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作，常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。w My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨)w He was always helping others.(表示赞扬)(4) 过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作，常用在间接引语中。w She asked him if he was coming back

43、 for lunch.练习题单选1. Nobody noticed what she _ at the moment.A will do B was doing C has done D had done2. When I got home, my son _ the music. A am listening to B listened to C was listening to D was listening3. I call you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. - Oh., Im sorry I _ dinner at my f

44、riends home. A home B had Cwas having D have had填空：1. They_(watch)afootballmatchfrom7:00to9:00lastnight.2. He _ (try)to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.3. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students_（laugh）loudly.翻译：1. 我作业没做完是因为我昨天一直帮妈妈在家干活。2. 她说她下个月动身去纽约。3. 昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在看电视。过去进行时和一般过去时的区别1. 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，则强调动作的连续性。w I wrote a l