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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上冠词和数词一、冠词的用法冠词是限定词的一种,不能单独使用,常用于修饰名词。冠词有两种:不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。【考点一】定冠词的基本用法(1)表示上文提到过的人或事物eg:I have a book,and the book is writtenby Mo Yan.我有一本莫言写的书。(2)用于说话人和听话人都知道的人或物eg:Do you know the boy under the tree?你认识那个在树下的男孩吗?(3)用于世界上独一无二的事物前eg:the earth地球,the sun太阳,the moon月亮。(4)用于表示方位的名词前面eg:i
2、n the front of在前面,in the east在东方,on the left在左边。(5)用于序数词或形容词最高级前eg:He is the first student to get to school.他是第一个到达学校的学生。He is the tallest student in his class.他是班里最高的学生。(6)用于普通名词构成的专有名词前eg:the Great Wall长城(7)用于形容词前,使其名词化eg:We should help the old.我们应该帮助老人。(8)用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等名词前eg:the Changjiang
3、 River长江,the Pacific Ocean 太平洋(9)用于复数姓氏前,表示“一家人”eg:The Greens are having dinner.格林一家人正在吃晚饭。(10)用于西洋乐器类名词前eg:I like playing the piano.我喜欢弹钢琴。(11)inthe年份复数形式,表示“在多少世纪多少年代”eg:This story happened in the 1920s.这个故事发生在20世纪20年代。(12)用于一些固定短语中eg:in the morning在早晨,in the end最后,by the way顺便提一下,at the same time
4、 同时典例精讲:A new road was built between our village and the town.road is wide and clean.A.不填B. TheC.A One of the advantages of playingguitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. aB. theC.不填London held30th Olympic Games in .A. aB. anC. theD./ 【考点二】不定冠词的基本用法(1)泛指人或事物的某一种类eg:A plane is a m
5、achine that can fly.飞机是一种可以飞行的机器。I want to be a teacher.我想成为一名教师。(2)指某一人或事物,但不具体说明eg:He is a teacher in our school.他是我们学校的一名老师。(3)用于一些表示重量、长度、时间等的单位名词前,表示“每一”eg:I go shopping once a week.我一周去购物一次。(4)表数量,相当于one,但语气较弱eg:My father bought me a new bike.我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。(5)使抽象名词具体化eg:There was a strong snow
6、 last night.昨晚下了一场大雪。(6)在一些固定搭配中eg:a little一点,a few一些,have a look看一看,have a good time玩得开心典例精讲:1. Be careful!There isdog lying on the ground.Thanks a lot. A. aB. anC. theD./ 2. What do you want to be in the future,John?I want to befashion designer. It is_amazing job. A. a;the B. an;aC. a;anD. an;the
7、【考点三】零冠词的基本用法(1)表示泛指、种类的复数名词之前eg:I like animals.我喜欢动物。(2)不含普通名词的专有名词前eg:Mary is from America.玛丽来自美国。(3)名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时eg:This is my pen.这是我的钢笔。(4)季节、月份、星期等名词前一般不用冠词eg:I usually go camping in spring.春天我通常去野营。(5)称呼用语前不用冠词eg:Whats the matter,Mom?怎么了,妈妈?(6)一日三餐前不用冠词eg:He didnt have breakfast
8、 this morning.他今天早上没吃早餐。(7)球类运动和棋类的名词前不用冠词eg:My father likes playing chess.我父亲喜欢下棋。(8)在一些成对出现的词语前不用冠词eg:I like eating fruit and vegetables.我喜欢吃水果和蔬菜。(9)一些名词前不加冠词表示有特定的意义。eg:go to school去上学,go to the school去那所学校,go to hospital去医院看病,go to the hospital去那所医院(不一定看病)类似的有bed,table,class,university等。典例精讲:I
9、usually dont go to school onSunday.A. aB. theC. / 二、数词的用法数词是表示数量或顺序的单词,分为基数词和序数词两种。【考点一】基数词表达法范围特点例词112无规律one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve1319以teen结尾thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen2090之间的整十数以ty结尾twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eight
10、y,ninety2199之间的两位数(整十位除外)十位与个位之间要加连字符“”twentyfive,ninetynine101999百位和十位之间通常用and连接one hundred and eleven千以上右后向前每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读thousand(千),第二个读million(百万),第三个读billion(十亿),然后一节一节读four thousand two hundred and fiftyfive(4,255)典例精讲:教师范读的是阅读教学中不可缺少的部分,我常采用范读,让幼儿学习、模仿。如领读,我读一句,让幼儿读一句,边读边记;第二通读,我大声读,我大声读,幼儿
11、小声读,边学边仿;第三赏读,我借用录好配朗读磁带,一边放录音,一边幼儿反复倾听,在反复倾听中体验、品味。trees have been planted near here,so the air is very fresh. A. Two hundredsB. Hundred ofC. Hundreds of D. Hundreds 【考点二】序数词表达法范围特点例词1、2、3无规律first,second,third419一般在基数词后加thfourth,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,nineteenth2090整十数把基数词后的y变成ie,再加thtwentieth,
12、ninetieth21及其后的多位数个位数用序数词,其余用基数词21st:twentyfirst,110th:one hundred and tenth典例精讲:1. Now,everybody,please turn to Pageand look at thepicture. A. Fifth;fiveB. Five;fifthC. Fifth;fifth D. Five;five 2. I got a beautiful bike onbirthday. I like it very much. A. fifteenthB. fifteenC. my fifteen D. my fift
13、eenth 【考点三】分数表达法1/2:a half/one half1/4:a fourth/one fourth/a quarter/one quarter3/4:three quarters/three fourths 分数表达法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于一,分母加“-s”。典例精讲:1. There are 60 students in my class and 44 of them use weibo very often.44?That means about _of your classmates are weibo users,right?AhalfBone thi
14、rdCtwo thirds Dthree quarters 2. About _ of the students in our class were born in the_. Atwothirds,1990sBtwothirds,1990Ctwothird,1990s 【考点四】特殊用法(1)in物主代词数词的复数形式,表示“在某人多少岁时”eg:He began to write in his forties.他在四十多岁时开始写作。唐宋或更早之前,针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目,其相应传授者称为“博士”,这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍
15、”者,又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋,乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者;而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了,主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问,其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席,也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代,只设国子监(国子学)一科的“助教”,其身价不谓显赫,也称得上朝廷要员。至此,无论是“博士”“讲师”,还是“教授”“助教”,其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。(2)inthe年份复数,表示“在多少世纪多少年代”eg:The story happened in the 1920s.这个故事发
16、生在二十世纪二十年代。要练说,得练看。看与说是统一的,看不准就难以说得好。练看,就是训练幼儿的观察能力,扩大幼儿的认知范围,让幼儿在观察事物、观察生活、观察自然的活动中,积累词汇、理解词义、发展语言。在运用观察法组织活动时,我着眼观察于观察对象的选择,着力于观察过程的指导,着重于幼儿观察能力和语言表达能力的提高。观察内容的选择,我本着先静后动,由近及远的原则,有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的,能理解的观察内容。随机观察也是不可少的,是相当有趣的,如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等,孩子一边观察,一边提问,兴趣很浓。我提供的观察对象,注意形象逼真,色彩鲜明,大小适中,引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察,保
17、证每个幼儿看得到,看得清。看得清才能说得正确。在观察过程中指导。我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法,即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察,观察与说话相结合,在观察中积累词汇,理解词汇,如一次我抓住时机,引导幼儿观察雷雨,雷雨前天空急剧变化,乌云密布,我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的,有的孩子说:乌云像大海的波浪。有的孩子说“乌云跑得飞快。”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。”当幼儿看到闪电时,我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来,我抓住时机说:“这就是雷声隆隆。”一会儿下起了大雨,我问:“雨下得怎样?”幼儿说大极了,我就舀一盆水往下一倒,作比较观察,让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。雨后,我又带
18、幼儿观察晴朗的天空,朗诵自编的一首儿歌:“蓝天高,白云飘,鸟儿飞,树儿摇,太阳公公咪咪笑。”这样抓住特征见景生情,幼儿不仅印象深刻,对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快,记得牢,而且会应用。我还在观察的基础上,引导幼儿联想,让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来,在发展想象力中发展语言。如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的,尖尖的,硬硬的,像医生用的手术刀样,给大树开刀治病。通过联想,幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。(3)序数词前要加the,如果序数词前有物主代词或所有格修饰时,不用加the。eg:I live on the tenth floor.我住在十层。This is my second time to v
19、isit Beijing.这是我第二次参观北京。(4)序数词前出现不定冠词时,表示“又一,再一”的意思。eg:I have tried it three times. Can I try a fourth time?我已经试了三次。我可以再试第四次吗?(5)分数作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要根据分数后面的名词来决定,如果名词是复数,谓语动词用复数形式,如果是不可数名词,谓语动词则用单数形式。eg:Two thirds of the students are boys.三分之二的学生是男生。One fifth of the water is polluted.五分之一的水被污染了。典例精讲:一、在
20、下列各题的横线上填上a, an,the或/(注意大小写)1Tom works as _ worker in the restaurant and he is paid by _ hour.2France is _ European country. India is _ Asian country.3Joe is _ honest boy. We all like him. 4. After _dinner, he stayed at home and played _ violin. 5_ book on the desk is _ useful one. 二、单项选择6This is _
21、old computer. I want a new one.Aa Ban C/ Dthe 7Whats the date today?Its June _,.Aseventeen Bthe seventeenCthe seventeenth 8 Does your father go to work by _ car every day?No, he sometimes takes _ bus.Aa; the Bthe; aC不填;a Da; 不填9 _ of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.AFifth two BTwo fifthCFifth second DTwo fifths 10RunningMan is _ very popular TV program in China. One of _ most famous actresses, Angelababy, always appears in it.Aa; /Bthe; theCa; theDthe; / 三、用英语写出下列数字1196 _121, 300 _13300, 000 _143/7 _15654,432,111 _专心-专注-专业
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