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1、 超深人工挖孔桩基础施工方案目 录第一章 工程概况1.1工程实体概况1.2工程建设概况1.3 工程地质概况1.4 工程特点第2章 编制依据2.1编制依据2.2编制原则第3章 施工安排3.1 施工主要管理人员安排3.2 施工人员组织3.3 施工机械安排3.4 主要技术方案选择3.5 施工进度计划安排第4章 施工工艺及方法4.1 施工工艺流程4.2桩施工顺序4.3施工准备4.4 施工方法4.5 质量要求4.6施工注意事项第5章 专项安全保证措施5.1 项目安全保证体系5.2 人工挖孔桩施工危险源分析及预防措施5.3 人工挖孔桩安全保障措施5.4 孔桩检测监控措施5.5 应急救援第6章 文明施工及环
2、保措施6.1 现场文明施工要求6.2 环保水保措施Opinions and suggestions on the partys mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee about carrying out the partys mass line educational practice activity in the citys implementatio
3、n opinions, the spirit of the partys mass line educational practice activities from 20* in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education pra
4、ctice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secre
5、tary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice , party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure
6、 treatment, the general requirements of for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to furth
7、er implement the central eight regulations and The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations , double section provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the twelve plan and the implementation measures for on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight
8、 style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and
9、understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and t
10、he ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations,
11、 social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact th
12、e service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party
13、members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the partys education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the
14、layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injec
15、tion, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the countys education practice is to seize against four wind this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County
16、, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical prob
17、lems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the g
18、rassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the four winds outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in image project, political project, a leader
19、ship guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision depar
20、tments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own
21、 conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful p
22、lanning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the m
23、arket.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies an
24、d regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(fi
25、ve) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the abili
26、ty to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard w
27、ork, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural
28、 undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 21第一章 工程概况1.1工程实体概况本工程为X
29、X省总工会职工住宅楼,位于XX市XX南路81号省总工会大院内。工程地下3层,深度14.75米,地上32层,建筑总高度104.95米。总建筑面积33700平方米。0.00相当于绝对标高1070.80米,-1层层高5.1米,-2层层高4.8米,-3层层高4.8米。本工程在土方开挖阶段,位于B区西面的边坡较大的土体位移,围护结构发生了破坏性变形。当时及时采取土方反压稳定边坡,之后经专家论证,处理的方案为重新增加锚索及格构梁加固维护桩,反压土方不再挖出,建筑物-3、-2层地下室让出部分面积。这样就形成了目前状况的反压区,有一部分的桩就坐落在反压区边坡及坡顶上,桩顶标高做到-1层基础底板。本工程设计桩灌
30、注桩总共63根,桩径1.0m2.5m,混凝土强度等级为C35。其中38根位于-3层底板,已采用旋挖钻施工完毕。25根桩顶标高位于-1层底板,没有行走路线,无法用机械成孔,采用人工挖孔。各孔桩具体参数见下表。 1.3 工程地质概况1.3.1 地形及地质情况根据现场钻探资料,场地内岩土自上而下依次为:反压回填土、红粘土及基岩,分述如下1.土层上覆土层为反压回填土,杂色,结构松散,由红粘土、建筑垃圾等组成,土层厚度5.313.0m。2、基岩1、基岩及其特征 场地下伏基岩为三叠系安顺组 (T1a2),为薄到中厚层白云岩,含泥质,灰色、灰白色,节理裂隙发育,见溶孔发育,表层风化破碎严重,岩芯主要为砂状、
31、碎块状、短柱状,采取率一般在6580%之间。基岩面标高起伏较大,岩溶强发育,洞隙内均见可塑粘土及软塑粘土充填。岩层特征描述:1.强风化白云岩(T1a2):灰色、灰白色,层状构造,细晶结构,薄至中厚层,节理裂隙发育,岩块间夹有红粘土,岩体极破碎,岩芯为碎块状及砂状,大部缺失,高差起伏。2.中风化白云岩(T1a2): 灰色、灰白色,层状构造,细晶结构,薄至中厚层,节理裂隙较发育,岩体较破碎,岩芯砂状、碎块状,短柱状,分布范围较广,高低起伏大。1.3.2水文、气候XX属亚热带湿润温和型气候。夏无酷暑,冬无严寒,阳光充足,雨水充沛,年降雨量达1293毫米。空气不干燥,四季无风沙,年平均气温在15.3摄
32、氏度左右。拟建场地相对地势低,场区地下水埋藏较浅,水文地质条件一般。场区地下水主要为土层中上层滞水和基岩裂隙水。其中上层滞水赋存于土层中,主要受降雨及场地周边居民生活污水排放、地下管沟渗漏等补给,受补给量限制,水量季节性变化大;基岩裂隙水埋藏较深。场地所处环境类别为类湿润半湿润区,附近无污染源。根据场区水文地质资料显示,地下水对砼及砼中钢筋微腐蚀性。1.4 工程特点(1)部分桩基基岩埋深较深,最深达到30m,给施工安全带来较大的风险。(2)有13米深左右的土层为反压回填土,土质较为松散,虽然先采取压密注浆处理,但密实度还是达不到自然土壤的水平,给开挖安全带来较大的隐患。(3)根据地勘资料和已完
33、成的孔桩情况,本工程地下水水位较高,涌水量较大,且有溶洞,人工开挖难度较大。第2章 编制依据2.1编制依据1、建筑桩基技术规范JGJ94-20082、建筑施工安全检查标准JGJ59-20113、建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范GB50202-20024、混凝土结构施工质量验收规范GB50204-20025、混凝土强度检查评定标准GBJ50107-20106、混凝土质量控制标准GB50164-20117、普通混凝土配合比设计规程JGJ55-20118、钢筋焊接及验收规程JGJ18-20129、工程测量规范GB50026-200710、建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准GB50300-20012.2编制
34、原则(1) 严格遵守相关规范、规程和规则等技术标准并将其贯穿于整个施工过程中。(2) 结合现场调查情况及我单位承诺的工期、质量、安全等各方面要求,制定出完善的保证体系和保证措施,确保该项目标的实现。 (3) 充分考虑气候、季节对施工的影响,合理安排各工序顺序,做到全面展开,平行流水作业;正确选用施工方法,科学组织。各工序紧密衔接,避免不必要的重复工作,以保证施工连续均衡有序进行。(4) 坚持在实事求是的基础上,力求技术先进、科学合理、经济适用的原则。在确保工程质量标准的前提下,确定经济施工方法,积极采用新技术、新工艺、新机具、新材料、新测试方法。第3章 施工安排3.1 施工主要管理人员安排根据
35、我项目部人员设置、施工组织设计总体安排及施工现场的实际情况,我项目部配置了相应的管理人员,主要管理人员如下表 3.2 施工人员组织桩基主要施工工种有土方开挖工、钢筋工、模板工、混凝土工以及其它配合工种,在各工种人员组织时,为了保证超深桩的施工质量及安全,我们全部选择具有丰富的相关施工经验的人员,特别是桩基开挖施工人员。人工挖孔桩拟安排每23 个人开挖两个孔,其它各工种人员的具体数量根据施工需要统一安排而定。3.3 施工机械安排主要为用于钻孔压密注浆、桩基开挖、钢筋加工安装、混凝土浇筑方面的机械设备,暂定安排如下表:3.4 主要技术方案选择(1)回填区土体加固1-61-13轴区域反压区土方比较松
36、散,采取钻孔压密注浆加固土体(1-11-6轴段已做过压密注浆加固处理)。钻孔深度10米左右,孔径110,钻孔到位后就及时注浆,注浆压力按锚索注浆施工,泥浆强度为M30,养护7天以上才能开挖孔桩。注浆布控如下图: 图3-1孔桩区钻孔压密注浆加固平面布置图(2)成孔施工桩基全部采用人工开挖,土层及岩石层采用人工手持铁搞、钢钎、风镐等开挖,边开挖边护壁,即开挖1米护壁支护1米。进入坚硬嵌岩层后,为保持岩体的完整性,基岩开挖范围严禁放炮,主要采用小型水钻开挖,水钻掏边,取芯,电动卷扬机提升出渣。(3)护壁采用钢筋砼护壁。回填反压区护壁做加厚砼及加大配筋处理,原状土区按设计要求施工,确保孔桩施工安全。详
37、图参见图4.2及图4-3.(4)地下水由于本工程地基土质渗透系数很小,无法采取整体降水,只能采取单孔抽水的方法,即哪个孔桩遇见水就采取措施排除积水。渗水量小就用水桶提,涌水量大就用水泵抽。(5)溶洞认真核对地勘资料,注明有溶洞的孔桩快要施工到溶洞标高时先做钎探,探明溶洞的状况。如果是空洞型的溶洞,则操作人员往下挖时要戴安全带施工。溶洞的处理方式根据溶洞的具体情况采取相应的护壁措施。3.5 施工进度计划安排 见施工进度计划附图。第4章 施工工艺及方法4.1 施工工艺流程施工准备、压密注浆加固土体人工挖孔桩施工工艺流程见下图:场地平整测量放样孔口锁口圈施工安装提升架孔口开挖硬岩用水钻、切割开挖土方
38、或碎岩用铁锹、十字镐开挖钢筋混凝土护壁开挖土石方运输基底整平基底检查水量较大水量较小直接灌注混凝土封底灌注水下混凝土封底制作钢筋笼运至孔位测量混凝土面高度输送混凝土灌注混凝土养护质量检测吊放钢筋笼/孔内绑扎钢筋图4-1 桩基施工工艺流程4.2桩施工顺序本工程孔桩开挖流程跟随总进度计划实施,整体划分为一个施工段。桩间距小的电梯厅核心筒部分采取跳挖方式。当桩净距小于2倍桩径且小于2.5米时,应采用间隔开挖。其余地方的桩同时开挖。4.3施工准备4.3.1技术准备(1)调查现场及周边地区,对设计提供的地质、水文、气象资料进行复核,复核施工图纸的桩位、标高及轴线位置位置与设计施工图是否相符。(2)向施工
39、技术人员组进行一级技术交底及安全交底,向班组进行详细的二级技术、安全、操作交底。确保施工过程中的质量及人身安全。(3)混凝土配合比设计及试验,按照混凝土设计强度要求,分别做水下混凝土及普通混凝土配合比的试验室配合比、施工配合比,以满足挖孔桩不同灌注施工工艺的要求。(4)测量放样:测定桩位中心点位、高程水准点后,复核孔径、桩间距,设置桩位中心护桩,在桩基周围撒出灰线,上报监理复核、签认手续。 4.3.2机具准备(1)挖掘设备:铁锹、镐、钢钎、手持式凿岩机、空压机、风镐、水泵。(2)提升设备:慢速卷扬机、绞架。(3)运输设备:手推车、小翻斗车、砼输送泵、塔吊等。(4)安全设备:鼓风机、有害气体检测
40、仪、氧气袋,低压、防破电线、防爆照明灯、活动软梯、安全帽、安全带、绝缘手套、安全活动盖板等。4.3.3材料准备P.O32.5水泥、石子、砂、钢筋等由持证材料员和试验人员按规定进行取样送检,确保原材料的质量符合质量标准要求。4.3.4 作业条件(1)完成挖孔试验,确定地质、水文情况,修订完成完善的施工工艺。施工机具、模板、安全设施齐全,材料准备充分。(2)开挖前场地应完成三通一平,搭设操作平台,操作平台见施工附图。(3)出渣道路畅通,孔口四周排水系统完善,设置排水沟、集水坑,及时将桩基周围的积水排走,确保场内无积水。设置孔口围护栏,搭设孔口雨蓬。临时电力线路按施工组织设计的要求进行布置,通风、安
41、全设施准备就绪。标识牌标识桩号、墩台号、桩基编号、孔口标高,桩底标高、孔深、桩基顶面标高、施工现场负责人及现场技术负责人。4.4 施工方法4.4.1 成孔施工(1)挖孔采用人工开挖成孔,卷扬机提升出渣,土层及破碎岩石层采用人工手持铁搞、钢钎、风镐开挖。轴线经复核无误后开始第一节开挖,每进尺1米做混凝土护壁一次,即以1米为一个施工段。进入坚硬嵌岩层后,为保持岩体的完整性,基岩开挖范围严禁放炮,主要采用小型水钻开挖,不设置护壁。对有不良地质情况的区域,超深桩基开挖可考虑采用先设钢护筒,再开挖。每一节段桩孔开挖完成后,检查孔径、垂直度及中心偏位,检查孔位中心是否与桩中心在同一垂直线上,其偏差不大于5
42、cm。每层必须检查其孔位及孔径符合要求后方可进行护壁钢筋绑扎及模板支设,以保证整个桩基的护壁厚度、孔径及垂直度。挖孔过程中做好原始记录,发现地质情况有变化时,应立即汇报,从施工工艺及安全设施上采取措施。(2) 护壁施工护壁只在土层及松软破碎岩石层设置。每一节段挖孔完成并检查合格后,按设计要求设置护壁钢筋。护壁模板通过拆上节、支下节的方式重复周转使用。采用定型钢模板,两块钢模板拼接而成。模板必须有足够的刚度。模板用钢管加固支撑,其中轴线与桩中心在同条垂直线上,偏差不大于1cm,以保证桩基的垂直度符合规范要求。护壁上下口厚度根据不同类型的桩设计要求进行留设。模板安装牢固后,检测模板的位置,以保证桩
43、孔的平面位置及其垂直度。护壁采用C35混凝土,机械搅拌,人工浇注、机械振捣,坍落度控制在10cm左右,混凝土护壁保证混凝土强度及其厚度,护壁混凝土应根据气候条件,可加入0.5%1%比例的早强剂,加速混凝土的硬化,混凝土强度不小于1.2MPa、浇筑24小时后方可拆模。回填土反压区护壁做加厚处理,原状土区护壁按设计施工,详图如下所示:图4-2 :原状土区桩孔护壁大样图 图4-3 :回填土反压区桩孔护壁大样图(3)护壁施工质量保证措施按图4-2、图4-3要求加工钢筋.钢筋绑扎要牢固,采取满绑的方式,不能跳绑。采用定型钢模板,厚度图4-2、图4-3要求,支撑牢固,经得起振动泵震动。(4)安装垂直运输架
44、在第一节锁口护避施工完成后,进行垂直运输架的搭设。垂直运输架采用钢管进行搭设,要求具有足够的强度和稳定性,并要方便卷扬机的安装和不妨碍渣土的倒运。搭设大样如下图所示(根据现场实际情况适当调整)。图4-5 垂直运输架大样图(5)安装砂塔。在第一节锁口护避施工完成后,进行砂塔的安装。砂塔为成型机子,运到工地就可以使用,注意选择钢丝绳的型号要满足吊土重量的要求,开关选择按纽型的。砂塔的压重采用砂袋来压重,不能采用散状的石块。砂塔安装如图4-6.图4-6 砂塔运输架大样图(6)安装活底吊桶、活动盖板在安装滑轮组和吊桶时,保持吊桶与孔壁之间留有适当距离,防止施工过程中吊桶碰撞孔壁,预防安全事故。孔口四周
45、设置围护栏,桩孔口安装水平推移的活动安全盖板,当桩孔内挖孔时,应掩好安全盖板,防止杂物掉下砸伤人。吊运土时,才打开安全活动盖板一定面积,留一定宽度作为挖孔人员的安全空间。442钢筋笼制作、安装9米长以内的桩身钢筋笼在现场加工成成品,用塔吊整体吊装入孔;9米长以外的加工成节,安装时先放入一节,固定好,再调入后面一节,节与节之间在孔口处用气压焊接连接,直到整个钢筋笼全部放入孔内。(1)钢筋笼制作钢筋采用可靠性比较好的水钢产品,除具备合格证、检测报告外,需进行现场抽样复检,复检报告报监理工程师审批。钢材进场不得直接堆置在地面上,必须用垫木或其他方法垫起,工地临时保管钢筋时,应选择地势高,地面干燥的露
46、天场所,根据天气情况,在雨雪天气,必要时加盖雨棚布。钢筋下料时设计好下料尺寸,确保在钢筋笼制作过程中接头错开1.5米以上,从而保证在同一断面上钢筋接头面积小于等于整个断面钢筋总面积的50,保证整个钢筋笼长度。钢筋笼安装前应检查钢筋根数、直径、间距、钢筋笼是否变形,接头是否满足规范要求。(2)钢筋笼搭接及吊装当钢筋笼需要接长时,先将第一节钢筋笼吊入空内,然后再吊第二节钢筋笼,对准位置后在孔内搭接绑扎,接头数量必须按50%,之后再吊第三节,示意图如4-12:由于钢筋改为搭接连接后,塔吊每次吊装只吊一节9米长的钢筋笼,按最大直径2200的孔桩钢筋笼计算,配筋为4018,1080,加强筋及内撑2020
47、00,每节钢筋重量为主筋720kg,箍筋402.37kg,加强筋及内撑177.44kg,合计1302.81kg。孔桩距离塔吊27米,塔吊吊重为14505527=2953.70kg,满足吊装要求。 图4-12 孔桩钢筋笼焊接吊装示意图(3)钢筋笼对中定位,安装保护层垫块。钢筋笼达到设计位置时,应立即固定。笼体平面就位时,按测量人员给定的控制点恢复桩基中心,(挂细线找出中心)笼体中心与桩基中心重合时才能固定,其允许偏差2cm。之后安装钢筋笼保护层垫块。(4)防止钢筋笼变形措施钢筋笼直径大,吊装时容易变形,直径超过1.5米的桩钢筋笼采取增加内撑的方式增加内撑,如示意图4-13:图4-13 孔桩钢筋内支撑示意图4.4.3 桩基混凝土浇筑桩身采用C35商品混凝土,地泵接管子浇筑,由于桩基都较深,采用导管接入桩孔底部,按照水下混凝土的方法灌注,导管离孔底距离不宜超过1.52.0m,在浇筑过程中及时拆除导管。(1)导管及料斗安装导管采用内径为260型卡口管,在首次导管下放前必须对所用使用的导管长度进行测量,标明每节导管长度尺寸。在每次使用导管前必须进行压水试验,并检查导管接头的牢固性,确保在混凝土浇注过程中安全可靠,不脱落,不漏
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