2006年河南郑州大学考博英语真题.doc

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1、2006年河南郑州大学考博英语真题PART I VOCABUIARY (10%)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are 4 words or phrases marked A) B), C) and D). Choose the one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The picnic _at last after

2、being twice postponed. A) came off B) came up C) put on D) went on2. Lenny advises me to have a _of brandy because it will make me less nervous in my presentation.A) bit B) lick C) sip D) flavor3. Adams hadnt a_ what the speaker was talking about most of the time because the class was in chaosA) gue

3、ss B) thought C) concept D) clue4. The National Geographic Society headquarters ,_in Washington, D.C, is well-known for its magazine. A) located B) placed C) stood D) positioned5. The baby keeps_-She must be getting a terrible coldA) sneezing B) sniffing C) yawning D) spitting6. When them was a shor

4、t _in the conversation, I asked if anyone would like anything to drink.A) blank B) space C) pause D) interval7. Hotel rooms must be _by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter. A) departed B) abandoned C) vacated D) displaced8. Tom read it through quick so as to get the _of it before setting d

5、own to a thorough study.A) detail B) essence C) gist D) core9. The priest made the _of the cross when he entered the churchA)mark B)signal C) sign D) gesture10. For many patients, institutional care is the most _and beneficial form of careA) appropriate B) pertinent C) acute D) persistent11. Among a

6、ll the changes resulting from the _entry of women into the work force, the transformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least importantA) massive B) quantitative C) surplus D) formidable12. In the Export Commodities Fair the _of fine china attracted much attention of customers

7、 from all over the world.A) succession B) army C) string D) procession13. We realized that he was under great _,so we took no notice of his bad temper.A) emotion B) stress C) crisis D) nervousness14. His ideas are invariably condemned as _by his colleagues. A) imaginative B) ingenious C) impractical

8、 D) theoretical15 .The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to _government spending.A) finance B) expand C) enlarge D) budget16. Taking photographs is strictly _here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.A) forbidden B) rejected C) excluded D) denied17. Doctors efforts to dev

9、elop a new way to see the brain working have so far _with satisfaction. A) found B) shown C) given D) met18. The study also showed that, _to what many people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight at all. A) contrary B) identical C) equivalent D) hostile19. The viewers of the poets

10、 most recent book _his reputation.A) enlarged B) enriched C) enhanced D) encouraged20. The student couldnt _what the teacher was trying to explain.A) grip B) seize C) grasp D) snatchPART II Reading Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: Read the following passages and answer the questions which acc

11、ompany them by choosing A; B, C or D). Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. Passage 1Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess,

12、 its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and sell-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, Denmark is a great country. Youre supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, wh

13、ere almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, daycare, retraining programs, job seminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bom

14、barded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet and despite all the English that Danish absorbs-there is no Danish Academy to defend against itold dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, Few have too much and fe

15、wer have too little, and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recyclers-about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new-an

16、d no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers-a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organ/zed countries, with virtually no pollution,

17、crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. So, of course, ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (Foreigners out of Denmark!), broken beer bottles In the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonethel

18、ess, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if its 2 a.

19、m. and theres not a car in sight. However, Danes dont think of themselves as a wainting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people- thats how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that

20、 Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of go6ds. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, y

21、oung, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesnt mean that Danish lives are less messy or

22、lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a s

23、ense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certainthings are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldnt feel bad for taking what yon re entitled to, you re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, t

24、he steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.21. The author thinks that Danes adopt a _attitude towards their country. A) boastful B)mode C) deprecating D) mysterious22

25、. Which c he following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?A) Fondness of foreign culture. B) Equality in society. C) Linguistic tolerance. D) Persistent planning.23. The authors reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is_.A) disapproving B) approving C) no

26、ncommittal D) doubtful24. According to the passage, Danish orderliness_.A) sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB) spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC) is considered economically essential to the countryD) prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles25. At the end of

27、the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that_.A) Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB) Danes take for granted what is given to themC) the open system helps to tide the country overD) orderliness has alleviated unemploymentPassage 2Why do adults believe that alcoholic a

28、wareness programs teach young people not to over-drink? Recently, reading an article about the alcohol-induced deaths of two students from two different universities in Colorado, I came across a theme on teen drinking applicable to parents, school administration, and local government: They just dont

29、 get it. To use a pun by New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, who changes WMD to PMD (people of mass destruction), T call much of the adult generation PMNs- people of mass naivet. I say this because adults seem to believe that no child of theirs would touch alcohol before turning 21. Since that

30、s unrealistic, the issue should be: how can kids learn to drink responsibly? The answer: by practicing. Like figuring out how to throw a baseball, a person needs to learn by trial and error.Now, I am not proposing that under-age kids should have access to alcohol at all times, but they will never kn

31、ow when they have reached their limit without drinking alcohol first. Trust me, we know how terrible we feel when we have surpassed our limit.It has often been stressed to my generation that there should always be a designated driver who does not drink. But, realistically, when people go to a bar, a

32、re they not supposed to drink? My friend, a willing designated driver, was asked by a friend in the bar why he did not have a drink in his hand. He responded: I am driving. She then repeated her question while laughing. In other words, college students face intense pressure to drink when they are ou

33、t socially, even though some manage to with- stand it.The solution I propose is two-fold. First, to parents: If you have children in high school, understand that your kids will drink at parties. Despite the legal drinking age, they will find a way to obtain beer or liquor. While you are home during

34、this holiday season, have a drink with your kids and their friends, or, at the very least, allow them to have a drink. Ensure they are safe, but also guarantee that they know what they are doing. Please introduce them to alcohol before they go off to college so that, on the first weekend, they dont

35、drink themselves into the ER. They do this not because they want to drink to get drunk, but because they do not know any better. Second, to lawmakers: How are teenagers supposed to learn to drink responsibly when they cannot even drink legally with their parents at a restaurant.? Having a drink with

36、 your parents at a restaurant is a much more adult experience than drinking with them at home. The truth of the matter is that almost all under-age drinking is done outside the home, in social circles. So lawmakers should make an exception and allow teenagers, who are one or two years under the drin

37、king age and accompanied by their parents, to have a drink at a restaurant.Most of us live in an environment that is geared toward drinking and overdrinking, and adults must face this truth. If they do not wake up and see reality, their kids one morning might not wake up from a night of drinking.26.

38、 This passage can be best titled as_.A) How to Practice Drinking B) Dont Drink Beyond Your LimitC) My Personal Opinion on Alcohol Drinking D) Teaching Kids to Drink Responsibly27. Which of the following statement cannot be inferred from this passage?A) Lawmakers should permit teenagers to drink.B) T

39、he lawful age for people to drink in America is 21.C) The author has the experience of drinking beyond his limit.D) Under-age kids are sometimes pressed to drink when they are out socically.28. The authors attitude towards the phenomenon of teenagers drinking is that of _.A) favorable B) undisclosed

40、 C) impartial D) realistic29. This passage is mainly written for _to read.A) parents B) lawmakers C) both A and B D) under-age kids30. The general tone of this passage is_.A) dogmatic B) persuasive C) impersonal D) ironic Passage 3One tenth of all bird species could be extinct by 2100, and by then a

41、nother 15% could be on the brink of extinction, Californian scientists report. They say the consequences for humankind are unpredictable.Cagan Sekercioglu of the Stanford centre for conservation biology and colleagues report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they made a pai

42、nstaking analysis of 9,787 living and 129 extinct bird species, taking in conservation, distribution, ecological roles and life history. They also consider the threats from human population growth, pollution, habitat destruction, and competition from invasive species, before coming to a gloomy concl

43、usion. Our projections indicate that by 2100, up to 14% of all bird species may be extinct and that as many as one out of four may be functionally extinct that is, critically endangered or extinct in the wild, Dr Sekercioglu and his colleagues report. Given the momentum of climate change, widespread

44、 habitat loss and increasing numbers of invasive species, avian declines and extinctions are predicted to continue unabated in the near future.Birds have a powerful place in natures pecking order. They keep down insect populations, spread plant seeds, pollinate flowers, produce guano and scavenge ca

45、rrion. The loss of a single species can have disastrous consequences. The vulture population of south Asia has crashed by 95% in the last decade, perhaps due to agricultural pesticides, and this has led to a corresponding explosion in numbers of rabid feral dogs and rats feeding on carcasses. In 199

46、7, more than 30,000 people in India died of rabies: this was more than half of all rabies deaths worldwide that year.Other bird species may be vital to precarious ecosystems. The southern cassowary feeds on 150 plant species in the Australian and Papua New Guinea rainforest, often gobbling the fruit

47、s whole, to excrete the seeds and distribute them where they can germinate. It is endangered, and its forest habitat with it.The wild avocados of Costa Rica are spread by the three-wattled bellbird. A few hundred of the bellbirds survive in two small remnants of forest. Numbers have been declining for a decade. Some birds have highly specialised diets, and global warming could alter precarious habitats