高考英语-情景交际-讲义.docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上情景交际Part 1. 概括总结1. 忌上词下用上词下用指的是答句部分延用了题干句子的重点词、信息词，按表层意思似乎合情合理，但往往为错误的“虚像”，需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。I wonder if I could use your telephone. _. （1996上海27） A. I wonder how B. I dont wonder C. Sorry, its out of order D. No wonder, here it is2. 忌中文思维掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处，对于准确解题至关重要。我们解题失误之一是按汉语的表达方

2、式和结构去套英语，去选答案. Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not3. 忌直接回绝这主要是指在对方要求得到帮助，提出请求或邀请时，回答过于直接，不够委婉，尽管从语义角度分析是没毛病的，但不符合英语国家的交际习惯。应该要注重礼貌和合作优先原则在作否定回答 时，为了表示礼貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉词，如but, Im afraid, Im sorry, thanks, please, had b

3、etter等4. 忌答非所问a. 要掌握常用的功能意念会话项目， 特别是一些口语式的固定搭配；b. 二、要理解对话交际场合和交际意图， 理出答题思路5. 要弄清言语含义Do you think our basketballers played very well yesterday? _.A. They were not nervous at all B. They were still young C. They played naturally D. They couldnt have done betterI think you should phone Jenny and say so

4、rry to her. _. It was her fault.A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at allPart 2. 分类讲解考点1 习惯应答类许多情景对话中使用的是英美人的习惯用语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语；感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其固定的应答用语。对于这类题目，我们要遵循他们的习惯进行回答。如：1常用于感谢的应答用语有：You are welcome/Dont mention it/It is my pleasure(My pleasure)/Not at a11/Thats

5、 all right/Im glad(happy)that/Im glad you like(enjoy)it2常用于道歉的应答用语有：Never mind/It doesnt matter/Not at a11/Thats all right/That is nothing3常见的祝愿和祝贺用语有：Good luck!/Best wishes to you/Have a nice time/Wish you a pleasant journey/Congratulations!/Merry Christmas!/Happy birthday to you而应答用语有：Thank you/Th

6、e same to you/You too4接受请求和邀请的应答用语有：With pleasure/Id be happy(glad)to/Yes，help yourself/No problem/Good idea/Sounds good/Why not?拒绝请求和邀请的应答用语有：Sorry，but/Id rather you/Thank you，but/No way!/Forget it。5其他场景习惯应答用语考生也应注意。问候的应答用语有：How do you do/Fine，thank you介绍的应答用语有：Very glad(pleased)to see you接电话的习惯用语有

7、：This is Li Ming speaking道别的习惯用语有：Bye/So long/See you later服务人员的应答用语有：Yes，Sir/Yes，Madame/Take your time考点2 破交际定势类汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。我们要力求用英语思维，避免母语交际定势的干扰，要根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答。如：当中国人听到对方夸奖或赞美自己时，习惯上要说些表示谦虚的话；而英美人则不同，他们总是先接受对方的夸奖，再表示谢意。如：一Youve given us a wonderful Chinese dinner，

8、MrsWang王太太，您给我们提供了一顿极好的中式晚餐。Im glad you enjoyed it我很高兴你们喜欢。典例：Thank you very much for the gifts you sent me. _. A. No thanks B. Im glad you like it C. Please dont say so D. No, its not so good 考点3 语言结构类这类题要求考生根据对话情景和所掌握的正确语言结构来做出选择。以习惯用法和变异句(如省略句)居多。如当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，I think(suppose，bel

9、ieve)SO/Yes，Imafraid SO对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度，则说：No，I dont think(suppose) so/No，I dont believe so/No，I believe(suppose)not/No，I hope not/No，I am afraid not“Do you mind?”常用于表示请求对方允许。如果同意，则用“No，go ahead/No，of course not/No，not at a11”等来回答；如果不同意，可用“Im sorry I do”来回答。考点4 情景用语类根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情

10、感。如表示不肯定或没把握，人们会说：I am afraid that/It depends表示不耐烦和催促的用语有：Well，well/Come on/Hurry up!表示惊奇和有把握的用语有：No wonder/No doubt如：一What do you want to do next?We have half an hour until the basketball game接下来你准备做什么?在篮球赛之前我们还有半小时。一Its up to youWhatever you want to do is fine with me这取决于你。你想做什么我都同意。Part 3. 分词讲解A回

11、答感激/致歉回答thank you回答thank you和sorry回答sorry1.Its a pleasure. 2.You are welcome. 3. My pleasure. 4. Dont mention it1. Not at all.2. Thats all right. 3. Thats OK. 4. Its nothing. 5. Forget it. 6. No problem. 1. It doesnt matter. 2. Never mind.B. Never mind意为“没关系”“不要紧”,常应用于下列场合: 1) 回答对方的致歉Im sorry. I cam

12、e in a hurry and forgot to bring food. Never mind. You can have ours. 2) 回答对方的求助Sorry to trouble you. Never mind. What can I do for you? 3) 安慰对方 Did you watch the baseball match yesterday? No, I missed it. By the time I got there, it had already finished. Never mind. It was a boring match. 4）用来谢绝别人的

13、提供，意为：不用啦；别费事啦。 Can I help you with it? 要我帮你做这事吗? Never mind. 别费心啦。C. dont mention it1. 用来回答感谢或类似于感谢的句子，意为：不用谢；不客 气；不要这样说；哪里哪里。A：Thank you very much. B：Dont mention it. A：The film was wonderful. Thank you for inviting me.B：Dont mention it. Im glad you enjoyed it. 2. 用来回答道歉，意为：没关系。 A：I apologize for

14、what I said. B：Dont mention it.D. Forget (about) it 1. 用来回答感谢，意为：算不了什么，不用谢了。 A：Thanks a lot. B：Forget it. 2. 用来回答道歉，意为：没关系A：Im sorry for what I said. B：Forget it! I dont remember anyway. 3. 表示不想提及或无关紧要，意为：忘了它吧；别提了； 别放在心上A：How much do I owe you? B：Forget it. 4. 表示不愿重复说过的话，意为：没什么；别提了。A：Sorry, what did

15、 you say? B：Oh，forget it. 5. 表示否定，意为：不行； 休想； 不可能； 别抱什么希望。A：Ill take the small truck. B：And leave me to drive the other one? Forget it. E. not really1. 表示轻微的否定，意为“不很”。 A：Do you want to come along?B：Not really. 2. 表示怀疑或不相信，意为“不会吧”“不见得”“不会是真的吧”A：They got married last month. B：Not really. 3. 表示语气很强的否定，意

16、为“真的没有”“的确没有”。 A：Did you watch the news on TV last night? B：Not really. F. come on(1) 用来表示请求、鼓励、劝说等，意为：来吧；行啦。 Come on, Bill, you can tell me, I wont tell anybody. (2) 用来催促别人快走(做)，意为：快点。 Come on, its getting dark. Come on, Mr. Wang is waiting. (3) 表示责备或不耐烦，意为：得啦；行啦；够啦。Come on, dont sit there dreaming. Oh, Jane, come on, for goodness sake. (4) 用于挑战或激怒对方，意为：来吧；好吧；试试吧。Come on! Im not afraid of you. (5) 用于体育竞赛等场合鼓励队员，意为：加油。 “Come on! Come on! ” shouted the audience again and again. 专心-专注-专业