高中英语动词时态(共20页).docx
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上动词时态一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时do/does现在进行时is doing现在完成时have done现在完成进行时have been doing过去一般过去时did过去进行时was doing过去完成时had done过去完成进行时had been doing将来一般将来时will do将来进行时will be doing将来完成时will have done将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来时would do过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成时would have done过去将来完成进行时would
2、 have been doing 上述16种时态中,其中有8种时态是最重要的,也是用得最多的,它们是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时,其余的时态相对用得较少。一、一般现在时一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s或es外,一律用动词原形。其疑问句和否定句要借助助动词do或does来实现(be和have除外)。1、一般现在时表现在表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用。eg: I go to scho
3、ol at 6 every morning.每天早上我七点去上学。He often goes to the cinema.他经常去看电影。表示现在(或经常性)的情况或状态eg: Mother is ill.母亲病了。We need a lot of money.我们需要一大笔钱。表示现在的能力、特征、职业等eg: He sings well.他唱歌唱得好。Mr. Smith teaches French.史密斯先生教法语。表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。eg: Summer follows spring.春去夏来。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必
4、败。The earth turns around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。【特别提示】此种用法即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。 表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态eg: Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了!There goes the bell. 铃响了。How hard it snows! 雪下得真大!2、一般现在时表将来当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时,时间、条件、方式及让步状
5、语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。eg: Ill write to her when I have time.我有空会给她写信。Turn off the lights before you leave.走前关灯。If we hurry, we may catch the bus.如果我们赶紧走我们可能赶得上公共汽车。Tell me in case you get into difficulty.遇到困难请告诉我。在the morethe more (越越)句型中,前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,因为前者相当于条件状语从句。eg: The harder you study, the better
6、 results you will get.你学习越努力,成绩就会越好。在make sure(弄清楚),make certain(弄清楚),take care(注意,当心),be careful(注意,当心),mind(注意),watch(注意)后宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。eg: Make certain what time the train goes.务必弄清火车发车时间。Take care that it does not occur again.注意别再发生这样的事。Watch that the baby doesnt go near the heater.注意别让
7、宝宝接近加热器。【特别提示】在it doesnt matter, I dont care, I dont mind等结构(以及类似结构)后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在表示将来意义。It doesnt matter where we go on holiday.我们去哪儿度假都行。Does it matter who goes first?谁先去这有关系吗?I dont care whether we win or lose.我不在乎我们是赢还是输。表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作,通常有表示将来的时间状语。eg: The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives
8、 in Shanghai at l:20.飞机十一点半起飞,一点二十分抵达上海。【特别提示】只限于少数动词能这样用,如begin, start, end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open等。3、 一般现在时表过去(1) 故事性读物中戏剧性的描绘(用一般现在时可给人以历历在目的印象)。eg: They threatened to shoot, but the marchers could not be stopped. The unarmed workerspresson and on.他们威胁着要
9、开枪,却没法挡住游行者,手无寸铁的工人们不断向前逼进。The crowdswarmsaround the gateway, excitementgrowsas the pop star appears.人群聚集在大门口,当那位通俗歌星出现时,众人情绪高涨。(2) 用在报纸标题或小说章节的标题中eg: Earthquake kills over 100,000 people地震使10万人丧生PEACE TALKSFAIL和谈失败Go to Bristol第七章去布里斯托尔途中【特别提示】情节已经发生而用一般现在时,可使标题生动。二、一般过去时一般过去时用动词的过去式构成,即一般是在动词原形后加e
10、d。(1)一般过去时表示过去表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday, last week/year/ month/ spring, in 1989,a few days ago, just now, a moment ago, the other day等时间状语连用。eg: He bought the computer five years ago.这电脑是他五年前买的。 It was then a small fishing village.那时它只是一个小渔村。表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为eg: We often played
11、 together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩。 When my brother was a teenager, he played table tennis almost everyday. When I was young, I took cold baths regularly.叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。eg: He got up early in the morning, fetched water, swept the yard and then went out to work.在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去将来的动作。eg: They sa
12、id they would let us know if they heard any news about him.【特别提示】表过去习惯性的动词,也可用used to或would。He used to go to work by bus.他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。(2)一般过去时表示现在在宾语从句中,由于时态呼应的关系,可用一般过去时表示现在。eg: I didnt know you were here.我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在) I didnt know you were so busy我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在)用于某些特殊结构中表示现在eg: Its t
13、ime we started.我们该动身了。 I wish I knew his name.要是我知道他的名字就好了。 Id rather you lived closer to us.我希望你能住得离我们近点。 If I had the money now Id buy a car.假若我现在有钱,我就买辆小汽车。【特别提示】有些动词如:expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等的一般过去时,后接不定式的完成时;或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式,都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望。I hoped to have been invited to his we
14、dding party./I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。I intended to have joined their games./I had intended to join their games.我本打算参加他们的比赛。三、 一般将来时(1)一般将来时的基本用法 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式:1.“will / shall +动词原形”(侧重将来行为,不突出计划安排去做某事,常与时间副词tomorrow,soon或短语next year / week /
15、 month, in a few days, in the future, sometime,in 2018等连用)表示将会出现的动作或状态。My daughter will be twelve years old tommorrow.表示经常发生的动作。We shall work in this factory every day.“will+动词原形”表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势、倾向。Fish will die without water.表示说话过程中所做的决定。 The phone is ringing Ill answer it.(2)表示将来时间的常见方法英语中除了“will /
16、shall+动词原形”表示将来时态外,还可以有以下多种方法:be going to+动词原形主要表示已经计划或安排好了的事情,也可表示有迹象表明将要发生的事情。eg: We are not going to stay there long.我们不准备在那里多待。 Im afraid theyre going to lose the game.恐怕他们会赛输。 Look, its going to rain.瞧,要下雨了。【特别提示】be going to后接动词go和come时,通常直接改用其进行时态。Where is he going to go? / Where is he going?他
17、打算到哪里去?be to+动词原形1)主要表示一种按计划或安排将发生的活动或常规性的活动或注定要做的事情;Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了?Tell him hes not to be back late.告诉他不准迟回。2)表示“应该”,相当于should ,ought to eg: You are to report to the police. What is to be done?应该怎么办呢?3) 表示“必须”, 相当于must ,have to eg: The letter is to be handed to him i
18、n person. You are to do your homework before you watch TV.4)表示“想,打算”,相当于intend,want ,eg: If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now.5)用于第一人称疑问句,表示征求对方意见。eg: Am I to go on with the work? What are we to do next?6)用于否定句,表示“禁止”, 相当于“mustnt”eg: The books in this room are not to be taken outsid
19、e.7) 表示“可能,可以”, 相当于may, caneg: The news is to be found in the evening paper. Such people are to be found everywhere. 8) were to do sth用于if 或 even if /even though 从句中,表示对未来的假设。eg: If I were to tell you that I killed him, would you believe me? Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do
20、 such a thing.9) be to blame(该受责备,对某坏事应负责任)与 be to let (待出租)两种结构中,用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。eg: Which driver is to blame for the accident? 这事故是哪个司机的责任? This house is to let. 这房子要出租。【特别提示】这与不定式作表语不同:My idea is to go there today.我的意思是今天就去那里。 be about to+动词原形主要表示就要做或正好要做的事情,意为“正要、即将”。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合,因此,句子不能再用时间状语。e
21、g: He is about to leave.他即将要离开。 Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start.大家坐好,电影马上就要开发始了。【特别提示】be on the point of加动词的-ing形式,表示“就要”做某事,也不能与表示将来的时间状语连用。Look! Theyre on the point of starting!看!他们就要开始了! be due to+动词原形主要表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事。eg: He is due to leave very soon.他很快就要离开。 His book is due to be
22、 published in October.他的书计划10月份出版。现在进行时表将来(即be现在分词)主要表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词:come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。eg: The students are leaving on Sunday.学生们星期日出发。 The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了。 Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点,商店就要关门了。一般现在时表将来表示一种严格按照计
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