中考英语动词分类及训练(共5页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上动词专项复习一、动词的分类1. 实义动词实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语，可以把实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。（1）及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。动词+宾语My brother is flying the kite on the playground.动词+宾语+宾补The teacher made his students happy by doing some games. We call the bird Polly.注意：省略to的不定式或现在分词作

2、宾补的动词有：make, let,have, see, watch, notice, hear等。动词+双宾语My mother gives me a new bike.注意：有些双宾语动词间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）后时，间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有bring、give、hand、 pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。 Hand me that book, please. = Hand that book to me, please. 有些双宾语动词间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）后时，间接宾语前要加for

3、。常用的此类词有buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom bought a nice backpack for me. （2）不及物动词不及物动词一般不可以接宾语，但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动词。 We arrived at the station at five. He turned off the light when he left.He takes pride in doing a job we

4、ll.注意：有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。 常用的此类动词有open、close、 start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。She turned and walked back to the classroom. 她转过身走回教室。（3）延续性动词 延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，如：live, stay, study, work, keep, teach等，可以和时间段连用。We have lived in China since 2001.You

5、 can keep this book for two weeks.（4）非延续性动词 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，如：buy, lend, borrow, die, marry,begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, leave, come, go,catch等，不能和时间段连用。如果和时间段连用，就要用其他词代替。He has been here for five days.(arrive)The film has been on for ten minutes.(begin)常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：1、gobe away 2、comebe here

6、3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here）5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on9、finishbe over 10、openbe open11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/be seated17、joinbe in（）或be amember18、becomebe2. 连系动词连系动词也称为系动词，连系动词有一定词义，但不完整，不能单

7、独做谓语，必须和表语连用，构成系表结构，表示主语身份、性质、状态。 You are a teacher, but not a good one. We feel very happy when we know it.英语经常用到的连系动词有：(1) 状态连系动词：表示主语的状态、性质、身份。（be）My father is very strong. (2) 持续连系动词：表示继续或保持一种状态或情况。（stay，remain，keep等）You must keep healthy.(3) 表象连系动词：用来表示“看起来”的这一概念的词。appear（看起来），seem（看似），look（看起来

8、）。Your mother looks much younger than I thought. (4) 感官连系动词：feel（摸起来)，taste（尝起来)，smell（闻起来)，sound（听起来）look（看起来)。The milk tastes a little sour. (5) 转变或结果连系动词：become（变为)，get（成为)，grow（长得)，turn（变得)，go（变得)等。Our village is becoming more and more beautiful. 3.助动词助动词本身没有词意，或者意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语，帮

9、助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否定、疑问、强调等。主要的助动词有：be，do，have，shall，will等。例如：Will you have a sports meeting next week?Is your mother cooking？Dont be late for class next time. 4. 情态动词情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词连用作谓语，表示说话人的语气和情感。主要的情态动词有：can，may，must，need，would，could，might，dare等。使用情态动词要注意以下方面： (1) 含must的一般疑问句，肯定

10、回答仍用must，否定回答则用neednt或dont have to，表示“不必”。一般不能用mustnt，因为mustnt表示“不可以、禁止”，语气很强。 Must I finish my homework now?No, you neednt. (2) may开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用mustnt。May I smoke here?No, you mustnt. (3) 表示可能性或推测时，can多用于否定句或疑问句，cant表示“不可能”；may多用于陈述句，may not表示“可能不”；must只用于肯定句，表示“一定、准是”。 You may be right o

11、r may not be right. The news cant be true. She must be angry. (4) need用作情态动词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句，表示“需要”，也可以作实义动词，后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式等。need开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must。 You neednt come if you are busy.Need I come tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗？ No, you neednt. / Yes, you must. 不，没必要。/ 是的，你必须来。He needs to get some sleep. 他需要睡一会

12、。(5) have to的意思接近must，但是must强调说话者的主观意愿。have to强调客观上的必要性，常译成“不得不“。have to可以用于多种时态，其疑问句、否定句都要借助do构成。Do you have to leave now? 你现在必须走了吗？You dont have to get up early. 你没有必要早起。(6) be able to表示具体的能力，与can用法相近，can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，be able to 可用更多的时态。was / were able to侧重有能力而且成功地做成了某事，而could只表示过去具备某种能力。The math

13、problem was hard but I was able to work it out. 这道数学题很难，但我做出来了。巩固练习1. It is necessary for schools to_ the need of all the students development.A. cutB. hide C. refuseD. satisfy2. I dont know where to go this summer vacation.Why not_ visiting Jingzhou? There are many places of interest.A. regardB. co

14、nsider C. wonderD. suggest 3. (These oranges look nice, but_ very sour.A. feelB. taste C. soundD. look4.Dad, Ill be in the final singing competition tomorrow.Be careful not to get a sore throat and_ your voice.A. loseB. raise C.riseD. break 5.In some countries, people_ download(下载)music from the Int

15、ernet without paying, because its against the law.A. wouldntB. neednt C. mustntD. couldnt6. Weve ordered too much food. I _eat any more.Never mind. Let take it home.A. cantB. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 7. I have travelled a lot. I_ speak four languages.A. canB. may C. mustD. need8. _I hand in the

16、report today? No, you neednt.A. CanB. Must C. ShallD. Could9.Mum, Ive signed for the box. Whats in it?Im not sure. It_ be a present from your uncle.A. needB. must C. mayD. will10. We should keep quiet in the cinema. We_ speak loudly.A. canB. must C. needntD. mustnt11. Have you decided where to spend

17、 your holiday?Not yet. We _ go to Beijing.A. mayB. must C. shouldD. need12. Have you got the results of the exam? No. All we_ do now is to wait.A. mustB. can C. mayD. could 13. When you are travelling, bring a map because it_ help you.A. cantB. mustnt C. used toD. may14. To keep children safe, we_ p

18、ut the things like knives and medicine away in our house.A. mayB. shouldC. canD. might15. Robert, could you wash the car for me?Yes, I_. Im coming, Dad.A. couldB. couldnt C. canD. cant16. Here is the book. First _ it and then tell me what you think of it.A. look intoB. look throughC. look upD. look

19、after17. What kind of persons do you prefer to make friends with? I choose my friends on their characters and how we _.A. get inB. get upC. get onD. get off18. Many teenagers the old and they often offer their seats to the old on buses.A. agree withB. worry aboutC. laugh atD. care for19 Show me your

20、 homework, Dave?Sorry, Mrs. Brown. Ive it at home.A. missedB. forgottenC. lostD. left20. How does Jack usually go to work?He _ drive a car, but now he _ there to lose weight.A. used to; is used to walk B. was used to; is used to walkingC. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking21

21、. Can I _ your bike?With pleasure. But you mustnt _ it to others.A. lend; borrow B. borrow; lend C. lend; lend D. borrow; borrow22. Sometimes the ads _ but dont tell you anything about the quality of the product.A. look well B. sound good C. taste good D. seem bad23. -Look! There is a horse racing p

22、rogram on TV show. - Hmm.It_exciting. A. seems B. looks like C. sounds D. seems like24. The meat on the plate so delicious. Lets try it together.A. smells B. sounds C. sees D. feels25. Whats wrong with the orange? -It_ terrible. A. is tasting B. is tasted C. tastes D. taste26. I think our chemistry teacher is working hard. He teaches us_. -Yes, but he hasnt come today. He doesnt feel_. A. good, well B. good, good C. well, good D. well, well专心-专注-专业