语言学问答题(共4页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1. How are the English consonants classified? English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in terms of manner of articulation and the other is in terms of place of articulation.2. How can words opposite in meaning be classified? To which category does each of the following p

2、airs of antonyms belong?Deep -shallow married-single sour-sweetTeacher-student asleep- awake They can be gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms and relational opposite .3. Discuss in detail the locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.A locutionary act is the act of uttering word

3、s， phrases， clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax， lexicon and phonology. An illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speakers intention； it is the act performed in saying something. A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying somethin

4、g； it is the consequence of， or the change brought about by the utterance； it is the act performed by saying something.4What is an inflectional morpheme? Locate the inflectional morpheme in each of the following sentences and point out its grammatical meaning. Mr. Smith lives in the Big Apple. The f

5、ilms already started.There are bound morphemes which are for the most part purely grammatical makers and signify such concepts as tense,number,case and soon.Such bound morphemes are called inflectional morphemes.5.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how

6、they are related.(1)A phone is a speech sound, it is phonetic unit. Any sound we hear in the course of communication s a phone, such as /u:/, /l/, /p/, /p/.(2)A phoneme is a phonological unit. It is not a concrete sound but an abstract notion. It is a collection of features. It can be realized as di

7、fferent phones in different phonetic contexts. Foe example, the phoneme/l/ can be realized as a clear l or a dark l, depending on where it occurs in a sound combination.(3)The actually phonetic realizations of a phoneme are called its allophones. Allophones are the actual phones we hear in linguisti

8、c communication. 6. What are the four maxims of the CP? Try to give your own examples to show how flouting these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature?Cooperative Principle, abbreviated as CP. It goes as follows:Make your conversational contribution such as required at the stage at which i

9、t occurs by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.To be more specific, there are four maxims under this general principle:(1) The maxim of quantity Make your contribution as informative as required (for the current purpose of theexchange). Do not make your c

10、ontribution more informative than is required.(2) The maxim of quality Do not say what you believe to be false. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.(3) The maxim of relationBe relevant.(4) The maxim of manner Avoid obscurity of expression. Avoid ambiguity. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity). Be orderly.专心-专注-专业