2012年职称英语理工类考试必考——整理版(共9页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2012年职称英语理工类新增文章篇目（小抄整理版）阅读理解（6篇）第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep-1页第十九篇 Graphenes Superstrength1*第三八篇 Life Form Found on Saturns Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四五篇 Small But Wise+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as Ecosystem Engineers完形填空（6篇） 第三篇 Germs on Banknotes 第十篇 C

2、hicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk+第十三篇 Solar Power without Solar Cells+第十五篇 “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级

3、文章；第六篇 Making Light of1 SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock， your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control whenyou wake，when you eat and when you sleep.段落省洛But recent discoveries show that the huma

4、n eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether its day or night.练习：1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseB、 it has a cycle of 24 hours.2. What is implied in the second paragraph?C、 Chil

5、dren before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader thatB 、staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers ability to think and learn.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth p

6、aragraphs?C、 Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.5. According to the last two paragraphs， what did the previous researchers think about the human eyes light-sensing system?B、 The human eye had one light-sensing system.第十九篇Graphenes Superstrength1Big technology co

7、mes in tiny packages. New cell phones and personal computers get smaller段落省洛Now stick the same piece of tape on another sheet of paper and pull the tape up there should be an even thinner layer，this time left on the paper. Now imagine that you do this over and over，until you get the thinnest possibl

8、e layer of material on the paper. This layer would be only one atom thick，and you wouldnt be able to see it. Graphite is made of layers of graphene，so when you get to the thinnest possible layer，youve found graphene.练习：1 .What would change the future of electronics according to engineers?C 、Graphene

9、.2. According to the second and third paragraphs，what is true of graphene?C 、It is easy to find graphene.3. Which of the following can be used to replace the word “apply”in paragraph 4?D、 put.4. Which of the following is NOT meant in the last two paragraphs?A 、 Graphene is made of graphite，one of th

10、e softest materials in the world.5. Graphenes superstrength lies in the fact thatC 、It can help to make electronic components smaller. *第三八篇 Life Form Found on Saturns Titan（理工B级阅读理解）Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturns moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was an

11、nounced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturns biggest moon.段落省洛Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological exp

12、lanations are addressed,Allen said. We have a lot of work to do to rule out8 possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results.练习：1 .What have scientists found about Saturn?C、 They have found methane-based life on Titan.2. What

13、do scientists say about Titan?A 、There are life clues there.3. To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What doesthis formof life refer to?B 、Methane-based life.4. What can be inferred from what Allen said?A、 Scientists have different arguments over whether there is li

14、fe on Titan.5. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?D、 A different Life Form, a Possibility.*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety（理工B级阅读理解）In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the段落省洛This is an interesting study,but the resul

15、ts need to be interpreted as preliminary and in needof replication with a larger sample6, said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri7 in Columbia.练习：1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D 、Female teachers confidence in

16、 their math skills is related to girls math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?B 、A difficult subject like math may affect teachers confidence in teaching the subject.3. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltC uneasy reading the numbe

17、rs of a sales receipt.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA 、prove a strong link between female teachers math anxiety and their female students mathachievements.5. David Geary thinks thatB、 the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.+第四五篇 Small But Wise（理

18、工A级阅读理解）On December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is段落省洛cool down. Theyre so dim that theyre almost impossible to see with visible light, but in theinfrared spectrum they glow.练习：1 .What is so special about WISE?C Its digital camera can help astronomers to s

19、ee the unknown space.2. Which is NOT the synonym for the word snap in the third paragraph?A make.3. The camera on WISEC catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.4. Which of the following is NOT correct aboutasteroids according to paragraph 7?A Asteroids float through space g

20、iving off visible light.5.What is implied in the last paragraph?B 、Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as Ecosystem Engineers （理工A级阅读理解）Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result

21、 of their activity as ecosystem engineers and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.段落省洛Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 bu

22、t also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem Ants are import

23、ant in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.练习：1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?C 、Because their activity affects the environment.2. As predators, antsA 、pr

24、ey on small as well as large animals.3. Dir Sanders study centered on how antsD produce such a big impact on the environment.4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?B 、Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the

25、last paragraph?C How do human activities affect ants influence on a given ecosystem?完形填空第三篇 Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of 1、money yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may u

26、se 2、different currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3、century , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on mo

27、ney could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4、 within one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5、countries .Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Bal

28、larat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6、gathered from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7、because those businesses often rely on cash

29、.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria - no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most - about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call “paper” money usually isnt made from paper. The U. S. dollar, f

30、or example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8、cotton .Different countries may use different 9、materials to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10、teamsuch as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three 11、currencies with

31、 the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos. The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12、mostly of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13、germs have

32、a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14、compare the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whateve

33、r Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15、hands after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money s been. Or whats living on it注释：第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for y

34、our arteries 1、but according to a study in Psychological Science, theyre good for your heart and 2、emotions The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel For me 3、personally ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University

35、of Buffalo, and lead author on the studyThe study came out of the research program of his coauthor Shira GabrielIt has 4、looked at non-human things that may affect human emotionsSome people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5、favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song sin

36、ger or looking at pictures of loved onesTroisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6、by making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make 7、participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someo

37、ne close to themOthers were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 8、group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food 9、Finally ,the researchers had participants 10、complete questions about their levels of loneline

38、ss Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonelyBut people who were generally 11、secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort foodWe have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to ussays TroisiThinking about or con

39、suming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close othersIn 12、their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13、experience of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, 14、eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only

40、if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort foodThis was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldnt remember it. Throughout everyones daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 15、connections with others, Troisi

41、saysComfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness*第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities（B级完型）A new examination of urban policies has been 1、carried out recently by Patricia Romero LankaoShe is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2、urban developmentShe warns that

42、many of the worlds fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countrieswill likely sufferfrom the impacts of changing climateHer work also concludes that most cities are failing to3、reduceemissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4、gases These gases are knownto affect the atmosphere”Cl

43、imate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5、protect their residents.Cities are 6、major sources of greenhouse gasesAnd urban populations are likely to be among tho

44、se most severely affected by future climate change. Lankaos findingshighlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7、benefits The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their pop

45、ulations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential8、threatsassociated with climate include storm surges andprolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat9、heavily paved cities more than surrounding areasThe impacts of such natural events can be

46、more serious in an urban environmentFor example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existinglevels of air pollution，causingwidespread health problemsPoorer neighborhoods thatmay10、lackbasic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disastersMany residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11、without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments, 12、therefore ,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric