畜牧兽医专业英语十篇课文翻译(共23页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上畜牧兽医专业英语十篇课文翻译部门： xxx 时间： xxx整理范文，仅供参考，可下载自行编辑专心-专注-专业畜牧兽医专业英语十篇课文翻译Lesson1skeletonTheskeletonisthebasicframeworkoftheanimal.Itgivesitshapeandsize.Theskeletoncarriesandsupportstheweightofthebody.Itprotectssomeorgansfromexternaldamage,e.g.ribsribsprotecttheheartandlungsandskullprotectsth

2、eallowtheanimaltomove.Thebonescontainreservesofsomeelementswhichtheanimalcanmobilizewhentheyareneededbythebody(1b5E2RGbCAP动物骨架的基本框架。它给出了它的形状和尺寸。骨架进行和支持身体的重量。它可以保护从外部损伤某些器官，egribs肋骨保护心脏和肺部，骷髅保护动物移动。骨骼含有的一些元素储备的动物时，可以调动他们所需要的身体.Theskullandhindlimbsofanew-bornlambformahighpercentageoftheskeletonbutthis

3、decreasesasthelambgrows.Hindlimbsdevelopfasterthanforelimbs.RTCrpUDGiT在老年动物矿物在骨的增加的量。这使得骨骼脆性。骨骼的生长在长度和厚度。骨头的骨架不以同样的速度在不断增长的动物.Sometimesthechangesproduceweaknessintheskeleton.Verylongpigscansufferfrombacktroubles.jLBHrnAILgMovementdependsonthejointsbetweenthebonestomoveundermuscleactiong.Jointsfallin

4、totherecategories.xHAQX74J0X通过仔细选择的动物育种者可以改变产生和大小的骨架，因此，动物.Thisformsstrongjoint,butlimitsmovementinthejointtooneplane.rqyn14ZNXI铰链关节。其他.SixE2yXPq5球窝关节。有很强的关节表面的接触面积大，其传播的重量放在联合。运动是有限的.Cardiacmusclealsohascross-striations,butitisfunctionallysyncytialincharacterandcontractsrhythmicallyintheabsenceofex

5、ternalinnervationowingtothepresenceinthemyocardiumofpacemakercellsthatdischargespontaneously.Smoothmusclelackscross-striations.Thetypefoundinmosthollowvisceraisfunctionallysyncytialincharacterandcontainspacemakersthatdischargeirregularly.Thetypefoundintheeyeandinsomeotherlocationsisnotspontaneouslya

6、ctiveandresemblesskeletalmuscle.Therearecontractileproteinssimilartothoseinmuscleinmanyothercells,anditappearsthattheseproteinsareresponsibleforcellmotility,mitosis,andthemovementofvariouscomponentswithincell.eUts8ZQVRd肌肉一般分为3种类型，骨骼肌，心肌，光滑，虽然不是一个均一的单category.Skeletal肌肉包括躯体肌肉组织带来了大量的平滑肌。它有发达的交叉条纹，一般不

7、会在紧张刺激的情况下，缺乏单个肌纤维的解剖和功能之间的连接，一般在自愿的控制.Fromtheleftventricle,bloodispumpedthroughthearteriesandarteriolestothecapillaries,wherethebloodequilibrateswiththeinterstitialfluid.Thecapillariesdrainthrouthvenulesintotheveineandbacktotherightatrium.Thisisthemajor(systemiccirculation.Fromtherightatrium,bloodf

8、olwstotherightventricle,whichpumpsitthroughthevesselsofthelungs-thelesser(pulmonarycirulation-andtheleftatriumtotheleftventricle(2.Inthepulmonarycapillaries,thebloodanothersystemofclosedvessels,theO2andCO2inthealveolarair.Sometissuefluidsenothersystemofclosedvessels,thelymphatics,whichdrainlymphviat

9、hethoracicductandtherightlymphaticductintothevenoussystem(thelymphaticcirculation.Thecirulationiscontrolledbymultipleregulatorysystemsthatfunctioningeneraltomaintainadequatecapillarybloodflow-whenpossible,inallorgans,butparticularlyintheheartandbrain.GMsIasNXkA循环系统是运输系统，提供和组织的胃肠道吸收的物质，返回CO2的肺部和其他代谢产

10、物对肾脏，在体温调节功能，并分发激素和其他药物调节细胞的功能。的血液，这些物质的载体，被泵送通过一个封闭的血管系统的心脏，它在哺乳动物中是真的彼此1）串联的2个泵。从左心室，血液被泵送通过的动脉和小动脉的毛细血管，血液与间质流体。毛细血管漏极穿透式平衡静脉到的veine和回右atrium.This是主要循环全身性）的。从到右心室，右心房，血液folws，泵的肺部血管-较小肺）cirulation-左心房，左心室2）。在肺毛细血管中，血液中的另一个系统的密闭容器中，O2和CO2的的肺泡air.Some组织液封闭血管，淋巴管，淋巴结经胸导管和右淋巴管进入静脉系统.Endocrineintegrat

11、ionisbroughtaboutbyhormones,chemicalmessengersproducedbyductlessglandsthanaretransportedinthecirculationtotargetcells,wheretheyregulatethemetabolicprocesses(2.Thetermmetabolism,meaningliterallychange,isusedtorefertoallthechemicalandenergytransformationsthatoccurinthebody.7EqZcWLZNX如神经系统，内分泌系统，调节和身体各

12、个系统相关活动，使他们适当的外部机构系统不断变化的需求，使他们适当的外部和内部环境1）。内分泌一体化所带来的激素，无管腺体比所产生的化学信使在循环中被运送到靶细胞，它们调节的代谢过程andasinglepairofendocrinestructuresthetestesinthemaleandtheovariesinthefemale.Thedifferentiationoftheprimitivegonadsintotestesorovariesinuteroisgeneticallydeterminedindomesticanimals,buttheformationofmalegenit

13、aliadependsuponthepresenceofafunctional,secretingtestis.thereisevidencethatmalesexualbehaviorand,insomespecies,themalepatternofgonadotropinsecretionareduetotheactionofmalehormonesonthebraininearlydevelopment.Afterbirth,thegonadsremainquiescentuntilpuberty,whentheyareactivatedbygonadotropinsfromthean

14、teriorpituitary.Hormonessecretedbythegonadsatthistimecausetheappearanceoffeaturestypicaloftheadultmaleorfemaleandtheonsetofthesexualcycleinthefemale.inmales,thegonadsremainmoreorlessactivefrompubertyonward.1nowfTG4KI现代遗传学和实验胚胎学，清楚地表明，在许多物种中，多的男性和女性，主要取决于一个单一的染色体andthesecretionofsexhormones.Theandrog

15、ensarethesteroidsexhormonesthataremasculinizingintheiraction。theestrogensarethosethatarefeminizing.Bothtypesofhormonesarenormallysecretedinbothsexes.Thetestessecretelargeamountsofandrogens,principallytestosterone,buttheyalsosecretesmallamountsofestrogens.Theovariessecretelargeamountsofestrogensandsm

16、allamountsofandrogens.Androgensand,probably,smallamountsofestrogensaresecretedfromtheadrenalcortexinbothsexes.Theovariesalsosecreteprogesterons,asteroidthathasspecialfuntctionsinpreparingtheuterusforpregnancy.Duringpregnancy,theovariessecretethepeptidehormonerelaxin,whichloosenstheligamentsofthepubi

17、csymphysisandsoftensthecervix,facilitatingdeliveryofthefetus.Inbothsexes,thegonadsalsosecreteinhibin,apolypeptidethatinhibinFSHsecretion.tfnNhnE6e5男性和女性的性腺具有双重功能：生产的生殖细胞,principallyinthesmallintestine.Theproductsofdigestionandthevitamins,minerals,andwatercrossthemucosaandenterthelymphortheblood(abso

18、rption.mZkklkzaaP胃肠道系统的门户网站，通过它的营养物质，维生素，矿物质和流体进入的body.Proteins，脂肪和复杂的碳水化合物被分解成可吸收的单位消化），主要是在消化的的小intestine.The产品和维生素，矿物质，和水穿过粘膜和输入淋巴或血液.Themembranesofthemucosalcellscontainglycoproteinenzymesthathydrolyzecarbohydratesandpeptides,andtheglycocalyxismadeupinpartofthecarbohydrateportionsoftheseglycopro

19、teinsthatextendintotheintestinallumen(2.Nexttothebrushborderandglycocalyxisa100or400munstirredwaterlayer(UWLsimilartotheUWLtootherbiologicmembranes.SolutesmustdiffuseacrosstheUWLtomucosalcells.Themucouscoatoverlyingthecellsalsoconstitutesasignificantbarriertodiffusion.gIiSpiue7A在小肠的粘膜细胞有无数的微绒毛衬他们的心尖

20、surface.This边界由刷子边界是富含enzymes.Itislined丰富的中性糖和氨基糖，糖萼1层是由在其管腔侧）。粘膜细胞的膜含有糖蛋白的酶水解的碳水化合物和肽，糖萼在肠腔中2）延伸到这些糖蛋白的碳水化合物部分的一部分。往下的刷状缘和蛋白质复合物是100或400m搅拌的水层,andendocytosis.Mostsubstancesmustpassfromtheintestinallumenintothemucosalcellsandthenoutofthemucosalcellstotheextracellularfluid,andtheprocessesresponsiblef

21、ormovementacrosstheluminalcellmembraneareoftenquitedifferentfromthoseresponsibleformovementacrossthebasalandlsteralcellmembranestotheextracellularfluid.IAg9qLsgBX物质传递从淋巴结的胃肠道的细胞外液，并从那里通过扩散的淋巴结和血液，促进扩散，溶剂拖动，主动运输，次级主动运输加上运输），和endocytosis.Most物质必须通过从肠腔黏膜细胞，然后黏膜细胞的细胞外液，并负责整个管腔细胞膜的运动的过程往往是完全不同的运动整个基础和lsteral的细胞膜，细胞外液的负责。WwghWvVhPElesson7Therespiratorysystemismadeupofthegas-exchangingorgans(thelungsandrespiratorypassag