初中-介词讲解及练习题(共8页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上介 词 教师用 介词是一种虚词,它不能单独担任句子成分,必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语,才能担任句子成分。1、介词的种类介词由词形上可分为简单介词和短语介词。简单介词知识一个单词,如:in,on,after等。短语介词是由两个以上单词集合而成,如:out of,in front of,because of,instead of等。1、 表示时间的介词表示“时间”的介词如下: 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at,in,on 表示时间的前后用before,after 表示期限等用by,until,till 表示期间等用for,during,thr
2、ough 表示时间的起点等用from,since 表示时间的经过等用in,within(1) at,on,inA. at:用于表示时刻、时间的某一点at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at that time那时 at night在夜间 at the moment此刻,目前 at present目前 at nine(oclock)在九点钟 at first开始的时候,起初 at/on the weekend在周末 at last最后 at the same time同时 at times偶尔,有时 at the end of 1999在1999年末
3、at this time of(the)year在一年中的这个时候 We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve.我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)注意:表示时间的名词前有this,last,next,every等修饰时,其前面不加介词。this morning今天早上;last Monday上周一;every week每周B. on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时,一律用on)on Monday在周一on Tuesday morning在周二早上on June 6在6月6日on May 4,1996在1996年5月4日on a cold ni
4、ght在一个寒冷的夜晚on that day在那天on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天on time准时on Monday evening在周一晚上on the night of July(the)first在七月一日的夜晚we didnt listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon.周三下午我们没去听演讲。C. in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中 in May 在五月 in summer在夏季in Spring在春季 in autum
5、n 在秋季 in 1995在1995 in winter在冬季in September,1995在1995年9月in the morning在上午in the afternoon在下午in the evening在晚上in the 21st century在二十一世纪in time及时 in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿,立刻Jack was about to lock the door when just in time he remembered his key.杰克正要锁门,忽然(正在那时他及时)想起了他要拿门钥匙。The plane took off on t
6、ime.飞机准时起飞了。People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。Do they work in the day time or at night?他们是白天工作还是夜里工作?(2) before,after(注:两个既可以作介词又可以作连词)A before在之前Wash your hands before dinner.(before作介词)吃饭前请洗手。He will call me before he leaves here/before ten oclock.(前一个before作连词;后一个before作介词)他离开这儿之前/十点之前,将给我打电话。B
7、 after在之后Lets sing some songs after school.(after作介词)放学后咱们唱歌吧!Please close the door after you leave the room.(after作连词)离开房间后请关门。(3) by,until/tillA. by 在前(时间);截止(到)How many English books had you read by the end of last year?到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书?She had left by the time I arrived.我到时(之前)她已经走了。例:by the end
8、 of在底(之前) by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在之前B. until/till知道为止(时间)we didnt begin to watch TV until/till nine oclock.一直到九点,我们才开始看电视。(begin是点动词,所以用否定式)I will wait for him until he comes here.我将在这儿一直等到他来。(4) for,during,throughA. for 达之久(表示经过了多少时间)可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但经常和完成时连用。He has lived here for 20 years.他
9、在这儿已经住了二十年了。We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。B. during在期间they are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。C. through一直(从开始到结束)They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。比较:for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天
10、数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。(5) from,sinceA. from从起(时间)表示“从开始”时,一般都是用词组fromto,而单纯表示确切的“从几点开始”时用at。The meeting will be held from eight to ten.这个会议将从8点开到10点。The meeting will be held at eight.会议将从八点钟开始。B. since自从以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。(强调一直病到现在)The doctor has saved
11、 a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(since作连词,引导时间状语从句)这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。(6) in,withinA. in过后(未来时间)大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。in an hour一小时之后in a week or so大约一星期之后he will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。注意:如果用于过去时,用after+时间。She went to Nanjing
12、 last May,and she came back after a month.去年五月她去了南京,一个月之后她又回来了。B. within不超过的范围within 3 hours 3小时之内;within a week一周之内I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。比较:within和in。within强调“在时间之内”,没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础,in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后,所以in一般只用于将来时。2、 表示场所、方向的介词(1) 表示场所的介词:at,in,on,un
13、der,by,near,between,around,opposite(2) 表示方向的介词:into,out of,along,across,through,up,past at,inA. at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)at school上学;at 2 Baker Street在贝克街2号;at home在家;stand at the door站在门边;at a factory在一家工厂;at the bottom of在下面;at the party在聚会上;at the back of在后边;at the end of在末尾;at the head of在排头;at the table
14、在桌旁;at Mikes house在迈克家;at table进餐;at the crossroads在十字路口;at work在上班;at the bus stop在公共汽车站;at the station在火车站;sit at my desk坐在我书桌旁Ill meet him at the Beijing railway station.我将去北京站接他。B. in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)in Beijing在北京;in the world在世界上;in china在中国;in the street在街上;in bed躺在床上;in the yard在院子里;in a book/ne
15、wspaper在书上/报纸上;in the photo/picture在照片里/图画里;in the middle在中部;in a queue/line/row排队(在对、行、排里);in a country在国家(里);in the house在房子里His brother is in prison. He was arrested 2 years ago.他哥哥两年前被捕的,现在他再监狱中服刑。Mike works in the prison.迈克在这个监狱工作。She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。 on,above,over,under,belowA. on在上
16、面,有接触面。on the desk在桌子上面;on the map在地图上。There are two maps on the wall.墙上有两张地图。On在靠近的地方on the right在右边;on the screen在屏幕上;on the river在河边;on the farm在农场;on the floor在地板上;on the island/beach在岛上/海滨;on the pavement在人行道上B. above在上方Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。C. over在正上方,是under的反义词There is
17、a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。D. under在下面;在之内under the table桌子下面;under the jacket在夹克内The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。E. below在下方(不一定是正下方)正下方是under,below是above的反义词。There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。 near,byA. near
18、近的,不远的near=not far,是far的反义词。Near还可以指时间,如:in the near future在不久的将来Is there a bus stop near here?这儿附近有公共汽车站吗?B. By在旁边,距离比near要近by the window在窗户旁边;by me在我旁边The boy is standing by the window.这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。 between,among,aroundA. between在两者之间my teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。Whats
19、the difference between A and B?A和B之间有什么区别?B. among在三者或更多的之中There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎(很出名)。C. around环绕,在周围,在四周We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 in front of,behind,oppositeA. in fro
20、nt of早的前面;在的前部There is a tree in front of the house.在房屋前面有一棵树。There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom.在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。B. behind在后面behind是in front of的反义词There is a tree behind my house.There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。C. opposite在对面Our school is opposite a uni
21、versity,我们学校在一所大学的对面。He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。 in,into,out of,upA. in在之内,用于表示静止的位置The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。B. into进入用于表示有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如:go,come,walk,run等。The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。C. out of和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向the student
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