合成洗涤剂生产废水的处理工艺设计(共29页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上设计总说明洗涤剂废水污染是指洗涤剂生产过程、日常生活洗涤及工业洗涤等未经处理而大量排入水体所造成的污染。洗涤剂中含有很高的含磷有机物,水体富营养化主要就是由于该类污染的存在,其中尤以洗涤剂工厂生产废水和日常生活废水对水体的污染严重。随着我国工业化和城市化进程的加快,洗涤剂污染废水的产生量在不断的增大,水体富营养化污染在不断的加重,已经严重的制约了我国经济社会的可持续性发展。当然随着我国科学技术的发展,已经建成有一大批城市污水处理厂来解决日常生活所产生该类污染,同时也从法律法规的程度来要求各洗涤剂生产工厂对其生产废水进行有效的处理。从而改善水质,减少其对环境的污染。本次
2、毕业设计的题目为3000m/d合成洗涤剂生产废水的处理工艺设计,本次设计的主要任务是设计一套采用生物接触氧化池技术处理合成洗涤剂生产废水的工艺流程方案。生物接触氧化池法对洗涤剂废水的净化效果比较好,LAS的去除率可以达到90%以上。本文在查阅了大量期刊、书籍等文献,对各种处理洗涤剂生产废水的方法进行了比较分析的基础上设计了生物接触氧化池法处理合成洗涤剂生产废水的工艺。对主要的处理单元的设计参数采用了合理的选择。对各主要单元的结构、平面布置和高程布置等进行了设计,并采用AutoCAD绘图工具来进行工程图纸的绘制。城市生活污水处理厂进水流量为:3000m3/d;进水水质为LAS:180mg/L;C
3、ODCr:750mg/L; BOD5:190mg/L;SS:300mg/L;pH:10.8经处理后,出水水质达到了:LAS:10mg/L;CODCr 200mg/;BOD595mg/L;SS150mg/L;pH:6-9的出水标准。该设计中的污水处理基本流程如下:从废水管道进入废水处理厂的废水,pH很高,所以在经过格栅后必须先进入调节池进行pH的调节再进入初次沉淀池,在初次沉淀池中一部分沙粒等被去除同时加入混凝剂促进LAS的分离,隔油池是将LAS、油和部分有机物去除掉。再进入水解酸化池,对废水进行污泥混合及污染物的初次分解缓和后,进入生物接触氧化池。生物接触氧化池填料层中的生物膜,在底部供氧充足
4、的条件下,对废水中的有机物等进行比较彻底的分解,污水得以净化,是整个处理流程的关键所在。处理的废水经过生物接触氧化池后进入二沉池,在二沉池内泥水分离,澄清后的废水经过清水池后排出系统。而经浓缩的污泥从沉淀池底部回流到水解酸化池中作为接种污泥。剩余污泥则在浓缩池中进行初步浓缩后干燥脱水,体积被大大的缩小后外运。经处理工艺后的出水水质标准符合一般的废水排放标准,同时完全可以作为中水回用,对水环境的改善和减少工厂水质性缺水具有很好的促进作用。关键词:合成洗涤剂生产废水;废水处理;生物接触氧化池Design InstructionDetergent wastewater pollution is re
5、fer to the water pollution that lead by the untreated water in the detergent production process, daily cleaning and industrial washing. Detergents contain very much phosphorus organic matters, water eutrophication is mainly caused by the existence of such pollution. And especially the waste water pu
6、lled by the detergent factory and daily life causes serious pollution of water bodies. As Chinese industrialization and urbanization process accelerated, the amount of detergent waste water continues to increase, water eutrophication in constant increase. It has been seriously restricted the develop
7、ment of Chinese economic and social sustainability. With the development of Chinese science and technology, while, our country has built a large number of urban sewage treatment plants to solve such pollution arising from daily life, and also some laws and regulations require the detergent factory a
8、n effective treatment of waste water. Then, the water quality has been improved and environmental pollution has been reduced. My graduation project was titled 3000m/d synthetic detergent wastewater treatment process design, this designs main task is to design a wastewater treatment process which has
9、 used the technology of biological contact oxidation pond to treat the synthetic detergent solution. Biological contact oxidation pond has a very good result in the purification of the detergent waste water, and LAS can be removed to 90%. For this paper I have skinned a wide range of journals, books
10、 and other literature and designed the biological contact oxidation pond to treat the waste water based on the comparative analysis of many methods to treat the wastewater caused by the production process of synthetic detergent. I have a reasonable choice to the design parameters of the main process
11、ing unit. And designed the major elements of the structure, layout and elevation design layout and used AutoCAD drawing tools to draw engineering drawings. Municipal sewage treatment plant influent flow rate: 3000m3/d, water quality for the LAS: 180mg/L, CODCr: 750 mg/L, BOD5: 190 mg/L, SS: 300 mg/L
12、, pH: 10.8 after treatment, water quality Reached LAS: 10 mg/L, CODCr 200 mg/L, BOD5 95 mg/L, SS 150 mg/L, pH 6-9 effluent standards.The basic design of the sewage treatment process is as follows:Effluent from the waste pipe into the wastewater treatment plant has a high pH, so after enter through t
13、he grille, its pH must be adjusted in the adjustment tank and then enter into the primary sedimentation tank. Some sand was removed in the primary sedimentation tank and at the same time pulling coagulant into it to promote the separation of LAS, then LAS, oil and some organic can be removed in the
14、part of grease traps .In the hydrolysis acidification tank, the effluent is mixed with sludge and pollutions are initial break. Then it eases into the biological contact oxidation pond. With the supply oxygen support, biofilm in the filler layer of biological contact oxidation tank can decompose the
15、 organic matters very well. Then the sewage can be purified. It is the key part of the whole process. Effluent and mud can be separated in the secondary sedimentation tank after the above process. The treated water finally discharged out of the system after entering into the clean water tank. And th
16、e concentrated sludge from the settling tank will be back to the hydrolysis acidification tank as a sludge seed. The other sludge will be concentrated and dehydrated. Then sinotrans after the volume reduced.The effluent water quality after the treatment process consistent with the general wastewater
17、 discharge standards. The water can also be used as water reuse. It can be good to the improvement of water environment and the solve of out of the demand of water in the water plant Key words:Synthetic Detergent Wastewater; Wastewater Treatment; Biological Contact Oxidation Pond目 录专心-专注-专业1 前言1.1 洗
18、涤剂废水概况在当今时代,电视等主要媒体中充斥着无数的洗涤剂类广告,洗涤剂给我们的生活带来了太多的洁净和便利,同时却也给我们的水生系统带来了极大的破坏,甚至危害到我们的健康状况。洗涤剂大多是人工合成的有机化合物,如洗衣粉、洗涤灵等。其中含磷(磷酸钠)量较高,工厂生产的和洗涤剂被使用后的含磷的废水流入江河湖泊,引起水体富营养化,致使水体中藻类旺盛繁殖消耗大量溶解氧,造成鱼类及其他水生生物缺氧死亡,继而引起一系列的水体变质反应直至水质变坏甚至变质发臭。另外高磷洗涤剂对皮肤有直接刺激作用,可引发多种皮肤病。因此,现在许多国家对洗涤剂作了禁磷、限磷的规定,大力提倡人们使用无磷洗涤剂。我们国家也着力于无磷
19、洗涤剂的推广与使用工作。但就目前状况来,看效果还远达不到无磷标准。大量的洗涤剂生产和生活废水中含有大量的洗涤剂有害物质。洗涤剂的主要有效成分是表面活性剂和增净剂,除此外,还有漂白剂、荧光增白剂、抗腐蚀剂、泡沫调节剂、酶等辅助成分。商业洗涤剂一般含有一种或几种表面活性剂及若干种增净剂。表面活性剂按其分子构型和极性基团的类型,可分为阳离子型、阴离子型和非离子型三类。后两种在工业和生活中大量使用。阴离子型表面活性剂可形成水溶性重金属盐或酸,包括各种烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、伯烷基硫酸盐和仲烷基硫酸盐。非离子型表面活性剂发泡较少,主要是乙氧基烷基酚类、乙氧基高级脂肪醇类、乙烯和丙烯共聚物、单乙醇酰胺羟
20、基乙二醇酯等。这两类表面活性剂具有乳化和可湿的性质。阳离子型表面活性剂主要是卤化烷基铵类,是有效的金属净化剂,用量很小。而我国生产生活中洗涤剂主要以LAS类最为普遍。由于直链烷基苯磺酸盐(Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates,LAS)的广泛运用,LAS已成为环境中最常见的具有代表性的一类有机污染物,自然环境下LAS须20-22天方能100%降解1,其环境行为与环境效应也受到社会的普遍关注。有研究表明LAS在低浓度条件下对鱼类产生慢性毒性。LAS在不同的环境中的吸附、沉降和生物降解等迁移转化行为十分复杂。本文主要侧重于合成洗涤剂生产废水方面的研究与处理。1.2 洗涤剂生产
21、废水研究现状合成洗涤剂生产废水的污染防治可分为厂内和场外治理2。场内治理与生产工艺过程相联系,包括综合利用、循环套用、回收再用和工段间的处理等。场内治理 可以有一定的经济效益,如回收能源、原料、化工材料、节约用水等。场外治理是指生产过程中产生的污染,经过工艺过程等之后的剩余部分,在工厂排放口排放以前所采取的治理措施。1.2.1合成洗涤剂生产废水的物理化学处理法 (1)中和法合成洗涤剂生产废水中往往偏碱性,对后续进一步处理具有很大影响。对于酸碱性废水,除予以利用外,常用的就是中和法处理。中和法的原理就是:用碱或碱性物质中和酸性废水时或用酸或酸性物质中和碱性废水时,把废水的pH调节到7左右3。主要
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