延续性动词和短暂性动词和现在完成时题目(共6页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上现在完成时中非延续性动词的转换 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，并可以和以for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中，句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。但是，有些动词所表示的动作是短暂的，这类动词叫做非延续性动词。如：come, go, reach, arrive, leave, borrow, buy, join, die, begin, start, finish等。在现在完成时的句子中，非延续性动词作谓语动词时，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 表示动作的连续性，就要把非延续性动词转换

2、成相应的延续性动词或短语，具体转换如下：(要求记住)come/go/reach/arrivebe in/at, leavebe away from, borrowkeep, buyhave, joinbe in/be a member of, diebe dead, start/beginbe on, finish/endbe over, openbe open (adj.), closebe closed (adj.), marrybe married come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out become be ge

3、t up be up； die be dead； fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep； lose not have ； put on wear catch / get a cold have a cold； get to know know have / has gone to have been in 专心-专注-专业注意： 1. 非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与for，since引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。例如： She hasnt bought any new clothes since last year. 2.

4、 在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语时不能与for，since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例如：例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It is 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years.

5、 I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days. He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago. = It is two years since he left Beijing. = Two years has passed since he left Beijing. 1. A. They came to our school in 1980. B. They _ _ _ our school since

6、1980. 2. A. The man died five years ago. B. The man _ _ _ for five years. 3. A. The meeting began two minutes ago. B. The meeting _ _ _ for two minutes. 4. A. We borrowed two books last week. B. We _ _ the two books for a week. 5. A. When did the train arrive here? B. How long _ the train _ here?补充练

7、习：1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4.Mary

8、 and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5. You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. ha

9、s come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11. - How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D.

10、keep12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow

11、 B. keep C. take16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been17. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had18.He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up现在完成时：have / has + p.p (过去分词)第一部分：现在完成时表示过去发

12、生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始:构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)否定式:主语 + have/has (not) + 过去分词 + 其他。疑问式: Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)第二部分：现在完成时的含义之一是过去

13、完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt (yet)come back (yet).他还没有回来。* 以ever和never为标志ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾

14、经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。* 以动作发生的次数为标志若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。* 以so far为标志so far / up to now往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。第三部分：过去已经开始的动作一直

15、延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。*“终止”、“延续”要转换英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如:“The cat play” has been on for half an hour.猫已经开演半个小时了。How long have you had this dictionary?这本字典你买了多久了?初中阶段常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begi

16、n-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。* 时间“点”、“段”须分清过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束,也可能继续延续,这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。如:He has been away for two years.他已走了两年。(for+时间段)He has been an English teacher since 1992.自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。(since+过去某一时

17、刻)I have never seen him since we met last time.for + 时间段 for many / several years=for years since / after / before/ until 等+ 时间点since +时间点作状语（状语从句），句子一般使用完成时态第四部分：A)选用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改写下列各句:4. They have bought a computer. (改

18、成否定句)_5. He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_C) 单项选择6. -Where have you _, Kate? -Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been diedDie v. dead adj. death n.He has been blamed for (因为) his

19、mistake.My mother bought a new coat for me. = My mother bought me a new coat.8. It is (has been) six weeks _ I met you last time.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reachedKey:1.have 2.has 3.have 4.They have not/havent bought a computer. 5.Has he lost his book? Yes, he has. / No, he has not/hasnt.6-9 BCBD