英语中省略句的用法与讲解.docx
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上省略句(elliptical sentences)定义:省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,为了避免重复、突出新信息使上下文紧密连接的修辞手段。省略的部分:单词、短语、分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断一、哪些部分可以省略(一)省略单词1、省略介词 He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。 I ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已学五年英语了。 2、省略连词 I believe (
2、that) you will succeed 我相信你们会成功的。 It s a pity (that) he s leaving. 他要走,真遗憾。 I m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。 3、省略关系代词 I ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。 He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。二、省略句子成分1、省略主语 Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。( Beg 前省略了主语 I ) Take care! 当心
3、!( Take 前省略了主语 you ) Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。( Looks 前省略了主语 it ) 2、省略谓语 Who next? 该谁了?( Who 后面省略了谓语 comes ) The river was deep and the ice thin. ( ice 后面省略了 was ) We ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。( can 后面省略了动词 do ) 3、省略表语 Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗? 我准备好了。( am 后面省略了 ready ) He was a
4、 lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者。( had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports ) 4、省略宾语 Let s do the dishes. I ll wash and you ll dry. 让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。( wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes ) 5、省略定语 He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了部分,其余的他都存了起来。( the rest 后面省略了定语 of
5、the money ) 6、省略状语 He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤,真奇怪!( Strange 前面省略了状语 how )二、什么句式中可以省略1. 简单句中的省略: 在对话中,交谈双方都知道谈论的对象,则可以省略句子的主语,省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。 如省略it 和 主语 I(1)Looks like rain. (it)(2)Hope to hear from you soon. (I)(3)Sounds like a good idea. 2. 并列句中的省略:在并列句中,相同的成分如主语,谓语,宾语等都可以省略: (1)They le
6、arn French and we English. (2)My father planned and built all these houses. (3)John won the first race and Jimmy the second. 3. 复合句中的省略: 定语从句:(1)Thats the reason he is late for the conference. 状语从句:(1)If heated, water will boil. (2)Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river. 宾语从句:如果宾语
7、从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同,可将从句部分的谓语省略。 (1)We will do what we can(do)to help you. (2)Is Mr. King in his office? Sorry, I dont know(whether he is in his office or not).4. 动词不定式的省略:在动词不定式结构中,为避免重复,常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形,只保留to。(1)Would you like to go with us ? Im glad to*, but I have to finish my homework. 在u
8、sed to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等结构中,常常省略to后面的动词原形。 (1)They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to*(2)He doesnt get up early as he used to*. (3)Ill hand it in if I have to*. (4)Would you like to come tonight ? Id love to. Tell , warn , order , advise ,
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