高中英语二轮专题语法复习之同位语从句课件.pptx

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1、1. 同位语同位语the Appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于它位于名词、名词、代词后面代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况；说明它们的性质和情况； 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)(1) Tom, Tom, our monitorour monitor, is a handsome boy. , is a handsome boy. (2)(2) I I myself myself will do the experiment.will do

2、the experiment.(3)She is the oldest among them(3)She is the oldest among them sixsix. . (4)He told me the news (4)He told me the news that the that the plane had exploded. plane had exploded. 名词名词 代词代词 数词数词 从句从句 (5) Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. (6) The city

3、of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2021. 自从自从2021年以来年以来, 北京市发生了很大的变化北京市发生了很大的变化。由由such as, that is引导引导由由of引导引导(7) The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. 由由or引导引导结冰温度结冰温度即冰点即冰点, ,是水在常压下结冰时是水在常压下结冰时的温度。的温度。一一. 指出下例句子划线部分是什

4、么句子成份。指出下例句子划线部分是什么句子成份。1. There is going to be a Chinese film tonight. 2. She is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 3. Her wish is to become a teacher. 配套练习配套练习(一一)表语表语谓语谓语表语表语4. He, my brother, managed to finish the work in time. ( ) 5. Tom came to ask me for advice. ( )同位语同位语状语状语 6. We found it impo

5、rtant to learn English. 7. Do you have anything else to wash? ( )8. To be honest, your writing isnt so good. 形式宾语形式宾语定语定语插入语插入语9. Would you please tell me your name? ( )10. They noticed a man enter the room. ( )间接宾语、直接宾语间接宾语、直接宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语2. 同位语从句同位语从句the Appositive clause(1) 同位语从句的定义同位语从句的定义 在复合句中用

6、作在复合句中用作同位语同位语的从句称为的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。它一般放在它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question, word等名词的后面等名词的后面, 对前面的名词作对前面的名词作进一步的进一步的解释解释, 说明说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词位语从句的词有连词that, 连接

7、副词连接副词how, when, where, whether, what等。等。e.g. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. I have no idea when he will come back. 同位语从句有时被别的词把它同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：和名词隔开：注意注意: The story goes that William Tell killed the king

8、 with an arrow. Word came that their team had won. 同位语从句的表现形式同位语从句的表现形式: 由由that引导引导The newsThe news that he has been elected that he has been elected president of the United Statespresident of the United States is true. is true. The truthThe truth that heavy objects and light that heavy objects and

9、light objects fall at the same speedobjects fall at the same speed is known is known to all.to all. The problemThe problem that she later developed that she later developed a serious lung diseasea serious lung disease bothered bothered scientists.scientists. 由由whether引导引导 The question whether we nee

10、d more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由由when引导引导 I have no idea when they will go. 有时用有时用 namelynamely ( (即即), ), that is to that is to saysay ( (也就是说也就是说), ), in other words in other words ( (换句换句话说话说), ), that isthat is ( (那就是那就是), ), for examplefor example 等引出同位语等引出同位语, , 说明其前面的名词或代说

11、明其前面的名词或代词。词。 He told us the good news, He told us the good news, namely,namely, the the museum is open to allmuseum is open to all. . There is only one way of improving your There is only one way of improving your English , English , that isthat is , to practice more , to practice more. . 同位语从句与定语从

12、句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别: 同位语从句同位语从句说明先行词的内容说明先行词的内容; ; 引导词不能省略。引导词不能省略。 定语从句定语从句修饰、限定先行词；修饰、限定先行词； 引导词在从句中充当宾语时可省略。引导词在从句中充当宾语时可省略。We express the hope that we will come to visit China again.We express the hope that we will never forget.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句 同位语从句同位语从句主要由连接词主要由连接词that引导引导,有时有时也可用也可用when, wher

13、e, who, whether等引等引导导; 定语从句定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。由关系代词或关系副词引导。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born?同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句练习练习1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.The fa

14、ct that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句句的复合句。2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day

15、 visit in china.3. Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.4. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea.We have no scientific proof for the idea th

16、at time travel is possible.5. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.1.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：还是同位语从句： 1) The fact_ he used to be a thief is known to

17、all. 2) We were surprised by the fact _ she told us. 3) The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.that同同that/which定定that定定4) Word came _ our army had won the battle.5) The president has given an order that everyone in the country should prepare for a war_ might last for several years.6) Weve j

18、ust heard a warning on the radio _ a hurricane is likely to come.that同同that定定that同同1. One of them held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that what C. that D. whether单项选择单项选择小试身手小试身手2. The reason _ he has to go is _ his mother is ill in bed. A, why ; why B. why; because C. why ; tha

19、t D. that ; because3. They received orders _ the work be done right away. A. which B. that C. / D. when4. I think _ certain that she will do well in her exam. A. that B. this is C. it D. whats5. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. th

20、at C. when D .where6. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D. why7. Thats the only thing _ he can do now. A. which B. all C. that D. what8. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted

21、 into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as9. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether同位语从句一般放在同位语从句一般放在等名词的后面。等名词的后面。对前面的名词作对前面的名词作进一步的解释进一步的解释, 说明说明前面前面名词的具体含义。名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词引导同位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副连接副词词how, when, where, whether, what等。等。fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question ，word