河南专用2020版中考英语语法过关专题八动词的分类与辨析课件人教新目标版.pptx

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1、专题八动词的分类与辨析专题八动词的分类与辨析考点一动词的分类及动词短语考点一动词的分类及动词短语考点突破考点突破考点二动词的词义辨析考点二动词的词义辨析考点一动词的分类及动词短语考点一动词的分类及动词短语考点突破一、动词的分类动词的种类包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。(一)实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词。1.及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。(1)动词+宾语I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。(2)动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly.我们叫这只鸟Poll

2、y。I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,watch,notice,hear等。 (3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell等。2.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。Horses run fast.马跑得很快。(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词

3、。We study English.我们学习英语。(及物动词)We study hard.我们努力学习。(不及物动词)(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。1)动词+介词Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。注意:此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。2)动词+副词+介词Lets go on with our work!让我们继续我们的工作吧!He gets along well with his classmates.他与同学们相处得很好。注意:这类动词短语后

4、的宾语只能放在介词的后面。实义动词按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。延续性动词延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:live,study,work,keep,teach等。如:We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.自2001年以来,我们一直住在苏州。You can keep this book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。非延续性动词非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一旦发生立即结束,如:buy,lend,borrow,die,be-gin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,cat

5、ch等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他的词代替。The old man has been dead for two years.那个老人已经去世两年了。(这里不能用has died)He arrived here five days ago.他五天前到这儿的。(二)系动词系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。1.表示状态常见的有:be“是”;stay“保持”;keep“保持”;remain“保持”等。如:It remains a secret.它现在还是个秘密。2.表示感官、表象常见的有

6、:look“看起来”;feel“摸起来”;smell“闻起来”;sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来”等。如:The flowers smell sweet.花闻起来很香。3.表示转变和结果常见的有:become“变成”;get/turn/grow“变得”等。如:Her face turns red.她的脸红了。(三)助动词助动词本身没有意义,它只是帮助实义动词或系动词构成谓语,表示疑问、否定、时态、语态等。有些单词并不是固定的助动词,如动词be、have、do等在句子中与实义动词或系动词一起构成各种时态、语态、否定句、疑问句时,才担当起助动词的作用。常见的助动词还有will, shall

7、, would, should等。(四)情态动词有一定的词义,本身并不表示动作或状态,而仅仅表示说话人的态度。它在句中需和主要动词一起构成谓语。(详见“专题十一情态动词”)动词+介词laugh at嘲笑point at指着worry about担忧agree with赞成ask for请求talk about谈论动词+副词pick up捡起grow up长大look out当心stay up熬夜动词+名词make progress取得进步make faces做鬼脸动词+名词+介词make friends with.和交朋友give ones life to.献身于动词+副词+介词stay aw

8、ay from远离get along with进展;相处动词+介词+名词go to school去上学go to bed上床睡觉二、动词短语1.常见的动词短语有以下几种形式:2.常见的动词短语:take短语take up占据take away带走;拿走take off(飞机)起飞;脱掉take down写下;记下take out切除take place发生take care of照顾take part in参加make短语make a decision作出决定make a mistake犯错make a living谋生make up组成;构成turn短语turn on打开turn off关闭

9、turn up开大;调高turn down调低;关小turn in上交turn out结果是give短语give up放弃give in屈服;让步give away捐赠give out散发;分发give off发出(光、热等)get短语get to到达get up起床;起来get over克服get on上车get off下车get together相聚get ready for.为做准备keep短语keep out留在外面keep off使不接近;回避某话题keep up with并驾齐驱;跟上keep away from远离keep in touch保持联系keep healthy保持健康

10、put短语put up搭建;张贴put on穿上;上演put off推迟;拖延put out熄灭put away把收起来put down写下;记下put up with容忍look短语look at看look for寻找look after照顾look up查阅look through浏览look around环顾come短语come on加油;快点come out出现;出版come over突然感到come along出现;跟随go短语go on继续go back回到go away走开;离开go by(时间)流逝go over仔细检查go off熄灭;离开三个(be)used tobe us

11、ed to doing sth.表示习惯做某事,此时to是介词,后用v.-ing形式used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事be used to do sth.被用来做某事考点二动词的词义辨析考点二动词的词义辨析常见的动词词义辨析:三个“到达”getget to+地点名词reach及物动词,后面可直接接地点名词arrivearrive in+大地点(名词)arrive at+小地点(名词)三个“借”borrow非延续性动词,表示主语“借入”,常用搭配borrow sth.from sb.lend非延续性动词,表示主语“借出”,常用搭配lend sth.to sb.keep延续性动词,表

12、示“长时间地借”三个“穿”dressdress sb.给某人穿衣服;dress up装扮put on“穿上,戴上”,表示动作wear“穿着,戴着”,表示状态四个“看”see“看见”,表示结果look“看”,表示动作,是不及物动词,后面需加介词at 才能接宾语watch“观看(比赛、电视)”read“看(书、报)”,表示阅读四个“拿”bring“带来,拿来”,表示“拿到靠近说话人的地方”take“拿去,带走”,表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”carry“扛,搬,用力移动”,没有方向fetch“去取,去拿”,表示“往返拿东西”四个“说”speak作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词,也指在会议上发言say常

13、跟直接引语或间接引语,并且表示说的内容talk是不及物动词,常跟介词to和with,意为“同谈话”,也表示具有说话的能力tell意为“告诉”,tell stories意为“讲故事”四个“花费”spend人作主语,表示花费时间或金钱,后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.cost物作主语,意为“某物花费多少钱”take可用于固定句型表示花费一段时间做某事,其结构为:It+takes/took+一段时间+to do sth.pay与介词for连用两个“找”look for强调寻找的过程find强调找的结果两个“听”listen tolisten 为不及物动词,与to组成固定搭配,强调听的

14、动作hear强调听的结果四个有关“赢、输”lose意为“被打败;输掉”,常用搭配:lose to sb.输给某人fail意为“失败”或“未做成某事”beat意为“打败”,后接某人或某支队伍win意为“赢得”,如:赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等三个“参加”join一般指加入“党派”或“组织”,如参军、入党等take part in指参加聚会或活动attend一般指出席会议四个“变化”turn一般用于颜色的变化get天变黑、变长或变短become天气变暖或变冷等,表示渐变grow形状变大或变小一、选词填空一、选词填空1.(2019河南)You cant change who you are by read

15、ing a book or change the way you act by watching a video. What matters is what you do, not what you know.(includes/decides/means/matters)2.(2019河南)I asked my father to pick me up at the school gate at 6:30 so that we could visit Grandma together.(pick;up/turn;down/let;down/cheer;up)3.(2019天津)We shou

16、ld avoid making a noise in the library.(avoid/prefer/prac-tise/enjoy)中考题组4.(2019天津)If you want to join the Music Club, fill out the form, please.(go out/fill out/get up/warm up)5.(2019江苏南京)Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and find out which university is the best for her to

17、 attend.(put out/stay out/find out/run out)6.(2019山西)Fighting for your dreams is like climbing a mountain. Whatever diffi-culties you meet, dont give up . Just move on.(set off/come out/give up)7.(2019湖北武汉)I wont tell this to anyone.Promise ?(Agree/Guess/Hope/Promise)8.(2019湖北武汉)Why were you shoutin

18、g at Tom?I told him to be quiet, but he kept on talking.(joined in/ended up/kept on/put off)9.(2019江西)Youll have to share the books because there arent enough for everyone.(pack/sell/choose/share)10.(2019福建)I have trouble speaking English, Mr. Lee.Why not go to the English Corner and try to talk wit

19、h others?(reading/writing/speaking)11.(2019福建)My deskmate and I are going to put on a talk show at the party to celebrate the 70th birthday of our motherland.(hand in/put on/take out)12.(2019安徽)Hello, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you?Yes, Id like to book a single room for two nights.(enter/move/book/pr

20、o-vide)13.(2019新疆)Im afraid his radio is too noisy. Will you please ask him to turn it down a little?Sure.(ask;turn it down/allow;turn it on/tell;turn it up/advise;turn it off)14.(2019吉林)We always clean up our classroom every Friday afternoon.(clean up/put up/use up)15.(2019贵州铜仁)Do you know anything

21、 about C919?Of course. Its a kind of plane which is made in China.(is made of/is made in/is made from/is made up of)16.(2019江苏苏州)Would you please turn off the light? I cant sleep well with it on.(turn on/turn off/turn to/turn around)17.(2019甘肃兰州)Can I help you, sir?Yes, please. I am looking for a bl

22、ue T-shirt.(looking up/looking for/looking after/looking through)18.(2019湖北襄阳)What does Huaweis newest smartphone look like?Its wonderful! You can fold it in half just like closing a book.(hand/pass/fold/cut)19.(2019河北)On the first day of Chinese New Year, we put on new clothes and visit people.(pic

23、k up/put on/take off/throw away)20.(2019广西南宁)John, please take out your dictionary from the schoolbag and look up the new word.(take away/take up/take off/take out)21.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)Jack, lets have a picnic after school.Sorry. I have promised Frank to work on the biology report with him.(ad-vised/expe

24、cted/suggested/promised)22.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)I really need to take more exercise because Im putting on weight.(putting down/putting on/putting off/putting away)23.(2019山东青岛)The English Speech Competition brought out the best in her. As a result, she is more active now.(checked out/tried out/left out/brou

25、ght out)24.(2018河南)Hey, Jeremy. Tony and I want to try the new Italian restau-rant tonight. Come with us!Why not?(try/taste/choose/search)25.(2018河南)Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car.Pay no attention to him. He is just showing off .(taking off/showing off/driv-ing off/setting off)26.(

26、2018天津)I am afraid we cannot afford to take a taxi. Lets go by under-ground instead.(refuse/afford/forget/fall)27.(2018河北)Can you help me pick up the pen? Its under your chair.(ask for/look for/pick up/put up)28.(2018江苏苏州)What do you think of Jason?He has impressed me with his good sense of humour.(

27、impressed/admired/reminded/warned)29.(2018湖北武汉)I took the subway and got off at the downtown station.(got through/got over/got on/got off)30.(2018山东潍坊)The photos that won the first prize in the competition will be put up on the website.(put away/put off/put up/put on)31.(2018安徽)Im afraid I might for

28、get to buy the bread after work.Dont worry. I will remind you then.(notice/allow/remind/promise)32.(2018贵州贵阳)We should spend more time talking with our teachers so that they can understand us better.(pay/spend/take)33.(2017河南)Dont know where your kids are in the house?Turn off the Internet and theyl

29、l show up quickly.(get up/stand up/show up/hurry up)34.(2017河南)The plane remained on the ground for two more hours because of the bad weather.(ran/moved/shook/remained)二、语篇填空二、语篇填空(2020河南中考预测)阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。specialwithoutshesoencourage oldspeakluckmonthcompeteIn an

30、 English writing competition, a girl named Sara won first prize. She is a 1 winner, because she is the only competitor who doesnt have hands.Sara was born 2 her hands. Her family didnt like her,3 they left her in front of a welfare home(福利院). 4 , an American couple liked Sara very much. They brought

31、 her back to America. There was another girl in the family. She is 2 years 5 than Sara. She liked Sara, too.Sara was shy at first. But all the family 6 her to open her heart. They taught her to speak English and treated her like a common person. As time went by, Sara be-came more and more active and

32、 outgoing. She was so smart that she could 7 and read English in just one year. She was also brave. She learned to ride a bike and climb trees with no hands.Last year, there was an English writing 8 in her school. She decided to take part in it. She began to learn to write, holding the pen between h

33、er arms. The pen fell down from her arms again and again. However, she didnt give up. After two 9 , she could write very well. And finally, she won the prize. All her family and friends were proud of 10 . When she learnt there were many other people like her in China, she began to learn Chinese. She

34、 said it was her duty to tell them how to be successful in life.1.special 2.without 3.so 4.Luckily 5.older 6.encouraged 7.speak petition 9.months 10.her 一、选词填空一、选词填空1.(2019河南郑州一模)How can we build an excellent class?We need a good head teacher to pull together all the students and teachers.(put off/p

35、ull out/put down/pull together)2.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)Nowadays,the number of the cars is becoming larger and larger. So we must pay attention to the traffic safety.(look forward to/be willing to/pay attention to/prefer to)3.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)I am greatly interested in this painting. Some-模拟题组thing in it

36、expresses the painters deep love for nature.(expresses/discusses/expects/imagines)4.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life. Can you imagine a life without it?(understand/imagine/consider/ex-pect)5.(2019河南省实验中学一模)Are you kidding? Does such a meal cost $50? I expect

37、something far better than this.(cancel/expect/regret/suppose)6.(2019河南新乡一模)I havent painted since I was 11. Now I am thinking about picking it up again.Good for you!(giving;up/picking;up/putting;up/cutting;up)7.(2019河南洛阳一模)Slow down and compare your present with your past, you will find how lucky yo

38、u are.(correct/complete/compare/consider)8.(2019河南洛阳一模)I dont know how todeal with the old books in my study.Why not have a yard sale this Sunday?(hand in/deal with/take up/take away)9.(2019河南开封一模)The report on the wild animals requires a lot of infor-mation,so Ill go to the library for some magazin

39、es and books about nature and wildlife.(receives/requires/records/repairs)10.(2019河南安阳一模)When you feel like giving up , just try one more timedo that a little bit more. Encourage yourself, rather than discouraging yourself.(putting up/showing up/giving up/turning up)11.(2019河南焦作一模)There were so many

40、 people in the street that he had to push his way through the crowd.(feel/throw/pull/push)12.(2019河南焦作一模)When he failed to pay his bill,the company cut off his electricity.(cut up/cut off/cut through/cut down)13.(2019河南平顶山一模)Jack is always so busy that he can hardly spare a few minutes to talk to hi

41、s family.(spend/spare/share/take)14.(2019河南平顶山一模)Did he turn down your invitation?Yes,he had an important meeting to attend that day.(turn down/put away/look up/hand in)15.(2019河南许昌一模)Life is changing quickly and many of the old traditions are dying out .(keeping up/falling down/dying out/giving up)

42、16.(2019河南商丘一模)Nick is looking for another job because he feels that noth-ing he does satisfies his boss.(serves/promises/supports/satisfies)17.(2019河大附中一模)When I asked him why he was late for school again, the boy made up an excuse.(put up/picked up/took up/made up)18.(2019河大附中一模)The apartments in

43、the city center are always expensive.Katie cant afford one with all her money.(provide/afford/offer/support)19.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大联考)My friend Jenny seems to be able to read my mind because she always knows what I really need.(look/read/guess/make)20.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)The test paper was rather diffi

44、cult.Time had ran out when he only answered half of the questions.(ran out/put out/given out/sold out)21.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)When do I get to meet him?Tomorrow,if I can fix it.(expect/hold/search/fix)22.(2019河南郑州二模)Good news never goes beyond the gate, but bad news spreads far and wide.(spreads/supp

45、orts/affects/causes)23.(2018河南开封一模)Our school bus had to remain in front of the super-market for hours because of the bad traffic.(remind/remain/realize/require)24.(2018河南新乡一模)Many young people usually offer their seats to the old on the bus.Thats good.The old should be cared for .(looked for/listen

46、ed to/depended on/cared for)25.(2018河南开封一模)“The Belt and Road”will help to open up markets for China as well as other countries along.(put up/look up/take up/open up)26.(2018河南安阳一模)Oh,my God!I have put on five pounds after the Spring Festival.All of the girls want to lose weight,but easier said than

47、 done.(given up/put on/got on/grown up)27.(2018河南焦作一模)Thank you for supporting the volunteer project.My pleasure.(ordering/supporting/supposing/growing)28.(2018河南郑州二模)Working with the volunteers(志愿者)in the community will bring out the best in us.(bring out/work out/give out/take out)29.(2018河南开封二模)D

48、anny enjoys reading novels so much that every day he spends more than two hours doing it.(spends/costs/takes/pays)二、语篇填空二、语篇填空(2020河南中考原创)阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。Fitness-for-All programs are being carried out in our country. Physical activity is good for our health, 1 most of us do not do en

49、ough of it. Take Li Hong for ex-ample. He is a friend of mine and he is in the twelfth grade. He spends most of his time studying. Whenever he has some time to relax, he will pick up his smartphone.He seldom goes out for exercise. Everyone 2 have enough exercise, I think.If you are not good at any s

50、ports activities, please try walking. It is one of the easi-est ways to exercise. Unlike most other forms of exercise, walking is free. You neednt pay 3 it. Walking is also very safe, without any danger of hurts or ac-cidents. You can easily 4 some walking. You can enjoy yourself as you walk in diff