通用版2020高考英语二轮复习专题4语法填空4.2.1动词的时态和语态与主谓一致课件新人教版.ppt

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1、第二部分题型应对策略 题型一提示类填空第1讲动词的时态和语态与主谓一致动词在动词在7个提示词中所占的比重最大个提示词中所占的比重最大, 一般一般4个个; 以以考查动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词为主。考查动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词为主。若句中没有别的谓语动词若句中没有别的谓语动词, 或者虽然已有谓语动或者虽然已有谓语动词词, 但需填的动词与之是并列关系时但需填的动词与之是并列关系时, 所给动词就是谓所给动词就是谓语动词语动词, 则需要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致则需要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致, 有时还需有时还需考虑虚拟语气。考虑虚拟语气。技法技法1提示词为动词时提示词为动词时, 确定时态的四根据

2、确定时态的四根据1. 【解析】【解析】have made。考查时态。根据时间状语。考查时态。根据时间状语over the years可知本句用现在完成时。可知本句用现在完成时。2. 【解析】【解析】recommended。考查时态。根据。考查时态。根据and可知所可知所填词语与前面的填词语与前面的shared构成并列谓语结构构成并列谓语结构, 故填故填recommended。3. 【解析】【解析】declared。考查时态。根据从句的谓语动词。考查时态。根据从句的谓语动词had no plan以及上下文的时态可知要用一般过去时态。以及上下文的时态可知要用一般过去时态。4. 【解析】【解析】wa

3、s driving。根据固定句型。根据固定句型: was/were doing sth. + when. . . , 可知可知, 应用过去进行时。应用过去进行时。【技法点金】【技法点金】1. 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语认清常考时态的标志性时间状语(1)一般现在时一般现在时: 看到看到every time, now and then, often, sometimes, usually, occasionally, always, seldom等时间状语等时间状语, 要想要想到用一般现在时。到用一般现在时。(2)一般过去时一般过去时: 看到看到yesterday, last year, in

4、2015, the other day, two days ago, 一段时间一段时间+later 等时间状语等时间状语, 要想到用一般过要想到用一般过去时。去时。 (3)一般将来时一般将来时: 看到看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, right away, soon, tonight等时间状语等时间状语, 要想到用一般将来时。要想到用一般将来时。(4)现在进行时现在进行时: 看到看到all the time, at this moment, at present, always, continually, constantly等时

5、间状语等时间状语, 要想到用现在进行要想到用现在进行时。时。 (5)现在完成时现在完成时: 看到看到since, recently, lately, already, in the last/past few days, so far, up to now, till now, for+时间段时间段, it is the first time. . . 等标志词等标志词, 要想到用现在完成时。要想到用现在完成时。(6)过去完成时过去完成时: 看到看到by then, by the end of. . . , by that time, it was the first time. . . 等标

6、志词等标志词, 要想到用过去完成时。要想到用过去完成时。 2. 牢记常见固定句式中的时态牢记常见固定句式中的时态(1)was/were doing. . . when+一般过去时一般过去时(2)was / were about to do. . . when+一般过去时一般过去时(3)had (just) done. . . when+一般过去时一般过去时(4)Hardly +had +主语主语+done. . . when+一般过去时一般过去时(5)No sooner +had+主语主语+done. . . when+一般过去时一般过去时(6)This/That/It is the +序数词

7、序数词+time +that+现在完成时现在完成时(7)This/That/It was the +序数词序数词+time +that+过去完成过去完成时时(8)It is/has been+时间段时间段+since+一般过去时一般过去时 【易错警示】【易错警示】忽略时间状语忽略时间状语, 相近时态混用相近时态混用China _(spend) a lot of money on such research in the recent years. (变式变式) China _(spend) a lot of money on such research in the past. 【剖析】【剖析

8、】题题中的时间状语中的时间状语in the recent years是与现在有是与现在有关的时间状语关的时间状语, 说明说明spend动作与现在有关动作与现在有关, 应用现在完应用现在完成时成时, 应填应填has spent。 题题中的中的in the past指的是过去指的是过去的时间的时间, 谓语动词应用一般过去时谓语动词应用一般过去时, 应填应填spent。【过关检测】【过关检测】1. (2018全国卷全国卷)True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _(mean) me no real harm. He was ju

9、st saying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder! ”meant2. (2017全国卷全国卷)Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school _(come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. ”3. (2018北京高考北京高考)Chinas high-speed railways _(grow) from 9, 000 to 25, 00

10、0 kilometers in the past few years. comeshavegrown4. I made my first visit to China in 2008 and last year, I _(be) lucky enough to take part in an event called “Shanxi in the eyes of foreigners. ”5. He looked around at all the faces: he had the impression that he _(see) most of the guests before. wa

11、shad seen技法技法2提示词为动词时提示词为动词时, 明确逻辑关系定语态明确逻辑关系定语态1. 【解析】【解析】were invited。考查时态与语态。根据时间。考查时态与语态。根据时间状语状语On the last day of our week-long stay可知可知, 此处应此处应用一般过去时用一般过去时; 且根据空格后的且根据空格后的to attend可知此处主语可知此处主语we与与invite之间为被动关系之间为被动关系, 构成构成sb. be invited to do sth. 结构结构, 故填故填were invited。2. 【解析】【解析】sells。根据句意可

12、知。根据句意可知, sell在此表示事物所具在此表示事物所具有的特征有的特征, 应用主动形式。应用主动形式。【技法点金】【技法点金】牢记几种常考时态的被动语态构成牢记几种常考时态的被动语态构成常见时态常见时态被动被动一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are done现在完成时现在完成时have/has been done现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are being done一般过去时一般过去时was/were done常见时态常见时态被动被动过去完成时过去完成时had been done过去进行时过去进行时was/were being done一般将来时一般将来时will be done过

13、去将来时过去将来时would be done【易错警示】【易错警示】注意英汉区别注意英汉区别, 正确选用语态正确选用语态The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, _(sell) well. (变式变式) The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, _(sell) out here. 【剖析】【剖析】题题中的中的sell表示的是主语表示的是主语books的某种属性的某种属性, 意为意为 “卖得

14、好卖得好, 畅销畅销”, 表示状态表示状态, 应用主动语态应用主动语态, 填填sell; 题题中的中的sell强调动作强调动作, 指的是书指的是书“已经卖完了已经卖完了”, 应用应用现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态, 填填have been sold。【过关检测】【过关检测】 1. (2017全国卷全国卷)Sarah _(tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 2. (2018天津高考天津高考)My washing machine _(repa

15、ir) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. has been told/was toldis beingrepaired3. (2019莆田一模莆田一模) If your experience of the above is zero, you _(see) as being behind the times. 4. (2019湛江二模湛江二模)The importance of dragon to Chinese people is like water to creatures, and it _(reflect) in peo

16、ples life, beliefs and ideology. will be seenisreflected技法技法3提示词为动词时提示词为动词时, 确定主谓一致的三原则确定主谓一致的三原则1. 【解析】【解析】are。主语为。主语为six, 表示六个子群表示六个子群, 谓语动词谓语动词应用复数应用复数; 结合前一句结合前一句 three are declining 可知应用一可知应用一般现在时。般现在时。2. 【解析】【解析】enjoys。分析句子结构可知。分析句子结构可知, enjoy在句中作在句中作谓语谓语, 主语是主语是not only the students but also

17、the teacher, 根据就近一致原则根据就近一致原则, enjoy应与应与the teacher主谓一致主谓一致, 应应用单数形式。用单数形式。 3. 【解析】【解析】were trapped。分析句子结构可知。分析句子结构可知, trap在在句中作谓语句中作谓语, 主语是主语是the family, 在此指的是一家人在此指的是一家人, 根根据意义一致原则据意义一致原则, 应用复数形式。应用复数形式。【技法点金】【技法点金】一、明晰主谓一致三原则中的常考点一、明晰主谓一致三原则中的常考点1. 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数数;

18、可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。2. 就近一致原则就近一致原则由由neither. . . nor. . . , either. . . or. . . , not only. . . but also. . . , or等连接并列主语时等连接并列主语时, 谓语要和位置上最近的谓语要和位置上最近的主语保持一致。主语保持一致。3. 就远原则就远原则主语后跟有主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addit

19、ion to等引导的短语时等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的数要与前面的主语一致。谓语动词的数要与前面的主语一致。4. 集体名词看作整体时集体名词看作整体时, 谓语用单数形式谓语用单数形式; 看作个体时看作个体时, 谓语用复数形式。谓语用复数形式。5. 非谓语动词、从句作主语时非谓语动词、从句作主语时, 谓语一般用单数形式。谓语一般用单数形式。二、掌握常考的三种特殊情况二、掌握常考的三种特殊情况1. “many a/more than one+单数名词单数名词”作主语时作主语时, 谓语谓语动词用单数动词用单数, 表示复数意义。表示复数意义。2. “half/most/the rest/the rem

20、aining/one third of +名词名词”作主语时作主语时, 若这个结构中的名词为复数若这个结构中的名词为复数, 则谓语用复数则谓语用复数形式形式; 若这个结构中的名词为单数或不可数名词若这个结构中的名词为单数或不可数名词, 则谓则谓语用单数形式。语用单数形式。 3. all, the remaining, the rest, what, who, some, most等等作主语时作主语时, 谓语动词的数根据它们的实际意义而定。谓语动词的数根据它们的实际意义而定。【易错警示】【易错警示】分析句子结构分析句子结构, 避免误判主语避免误判主语It is reported that thr

21、ee ways to grow more trees in the desert _(be) very effective. It is reported that finding ways to grow more trees in the desert _his life goal. 【剖析】【剖析】题题中的主语是中的主语是three ways, 主语是复数主语是复数, 谓语动词谓语动词应用复数应用复数, 应填应填are; 题题中主语是中主语是finding ways to grow more trees in the desert是动名词作主语是动名词作主语, 谓语动词应用谓语动词应用单

22、数单数, 应填应填is。【过关检测】【过关检测】 1. (2018全国卷全国卷) While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. is2. (2017全国全国卷卷)Fast food _(be)full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 3. (2017天津高考改编天津高考改编)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. isis regarded4. (2017浙江浙江11月高考月高考)This isnt as hard as it _(sound), and it is far better than any other method. sounds