高中生对数函数学习困难的研究%01.docx
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1、学校代码: 10200 研究生学号: 2013101691 分类号: G633.6 密 级:无 硕士学位论文 高中生对数函数学习困难的研究 Difficult to Study High School Students Learning Logarithmic Function 作者: 吴 瑞 丽 指 导 教 师 : 韩 继 伟 副 教 授 专业学位类 别:教育硕士 专业学位领域:学 科教学(数学 ) 学位类型:专 业硕士 东北师范大学学位评定委员会 2015年 5月 独 创 性 声 明 本人郑重声明:所提交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下独立进行研究 工作所取得的成果。据我所知,除了特别加以标注
2、和致谢的地方外,论文 中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本人的研究做出重要贡 献的个人和集体,均已在文中作了明确的说明。本声明的法律结果由本人 承担。 学 位 论 文 作 者 签 名 : 曰 期 : 学位论文使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解东北师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规 定,即:东北师范大学有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交学位论文的 复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权东北师范大学可以将 学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩 印或其它复制手段保存、汇编本学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书 ) 学位论文作者签名: !彿甑
3、. 日 .期 : 指导教师签名 : 日 期: 学位论文作者毕业后去向 : 工作单位: , 通讯地址: _ 电话 : 邮编 : 摘 要 对数函数是高中生新接触的一类重要的基本初等函数,但是由于对数符号的抽象 性,函数学习的复杂性,对数函数的综合性等诸多因素,导致学生关于对数函数的学习 和理解明显存在困难。尽管国内数学教育工作者关于对数以及对数函数的研究成果颇 丰,但是他们大多数都是在对数的发展史、对数函数的教学设计、对数函数的概念、性 质、解题及应用等方面提出自己的观点,而以对数函数为主实证研究却很有限。笔者通 过对部分高中教师和学生的访谈发现,教师并不知道学生在对数函数学习过程中具体存 在哪些
4、学习困难,学生也无法通过教师的讲解完全消除学习障碍。 因此笔者以高中生对数函数的学习困难为研究内容,选取吉林省长春市三所高中的 不同年级学生为调查对象展开研究。在正式研究之前,笔者首先选取学校一高一的部分 学生进行预研究,根据预研究调查问卷反映出的问题,适当修改问卷后才对 三所学校的 高中生展开正式调查。接下来笔者使用 Excel和 SPSS软件对调查问卷的数据进行了分 析和处理,得到高中生关于对数函数知识的理解现状,并总结了他们在这部分知识学习 的过程中存在的四类学习困难: 1. 对数函数的概念辨析困难。在这类困难范围内,学生分别有关于对数函数概念的 陈述性知识记忆困难,对对数函数概念中变量
5、的限定条件掌握不准确,无法应用对数函 数的概念进行辨析三类具体困难类型。 2. 数学思想的应用困难。在高中阶段要求学生掌握的七类基本数学思想中,有三类 常常被应用于解决对数函数的相关问题,分别是分类与讨 论思想、数形结合思想和转化 与化归思想,而这三类数学思想的应用也是学生的主要学习困难所在。 3. 对数型复合函数的理解困难。对数函数和复合函数都是高中数学学习的重点和难 点,而将两者结合成对数型复合函数对学生来说无疑是 雪上加霜 。学生在学习这部 分知识主要存在三类困难:缺乏整体换元意识、忽略对函数定义域的考察和单调性的判 断困难。 4. 对数函数的相关知识基础薄弱。有些学生之所以出现对数函数
6、的学习困难,并不 是对数函数知识掌握不足,而是对于对数函数相关的知识理解存在障碍。 结合上述研究结果,笔者针对高中生关于对数函数的学习困难提出了五点教学建 议:首先教师应该尽量激发学生对对数函数的学习兴趣,并且鼓励学生勇于发现错误、 提出疑难,然后设计适应高中生认知发展水平的教学活动,接下来引导学生建构对数函 数的知识框架,最后注重培养学生在数学学习过程中的反思习惯。 关键词 .“ 高中生;对数函数;学习困难 Abstract Logarithmic function is the important basic elementary functionsin with a new class
7、of high school students ,However, due to the abstractive of logarithmic function symbols,the complexity of the learning function,as well as the integrated function of many factors such as the number,leads students on a logarithmic function of learning and understanding obviously difficult.Although t
8、he number of mathematics educators on logarithms and logarithmic functions of research quite good,but most of them are in the history of the development of the number of instructional design logarithmic function of several aspects of the concept of function, naturely, problem solving and application
9、 put forward their views,the logarithmic function-based empirical research is limited.The author interview some high school teachers and students,then find that teachers dont know what students with learning difficulties in the learning process for a specific number of fonctions exist,and students w
10、ith learning disabilities canH be completely eliminated by the teacher to explain,either. So the author inquire into three high school students with learning difficulties in a logarithmic function of the research content, select three different grades of high school students in Changchun of Jilin Pr
11、ovince as object of the study.Prior to the formal research, I select the part of the pre-study students firstly, according to a pre-questionnaire reflects issues, with appropriate modifications to the questionnaire after the three schools for high school students launched a formal investigation.Next
12、, I use Excel and SPSS software to the questionnaire data were analyzed and processed,get high school students understand the current situation with regard to knowledge of logarithmic functions,and summarizes their main four types of learning difficulties in this part of knowledge. 1. Analysis of di
13、fficult concepts logarithmic function. About such difficulties, the students were on a logarithmic function of the concept of declarative knowledge memory difficulties, logarithmic fiinction concept variables qualification inaccurate and can not be applied to grasp the concept of the number of funct
14、ions performed discriminate these three specific types of difficulties. 2. Difficult application of Mathematical Thinking. In high school requires students to master basic mathematical ideas in seven categories, there are three types applicable to a logarithmic function of the relevant knowledge, ar
15、e classified and discussed ideas, thoughts and the idea of combination of and snaoe transformation and the idea, which will undoubtedly become a high school logarithm learning difficulties function. 3. Difficulty understanding complex logarithmic function. Logarithmic function and high school studen
16、ts learn complex functions are important and difficult, combining the two logarithmic composite function for students is undoubtedly Mworse/ Students in this part of the main types of difficulty is the lack of awareness of the overall substitution, ignore visits and monotonic function definition dom
17、ain judgment difficult. 4. Weak logarithmic function of the relevant knowledge base. The reason why some students in the event of a logarithmic function of the difficulties in learning, not for lack of knowledge of the number of control functions, but for a logarithmic function of the relevant knowl
18、edge to understand the obstacles. The author combine the results of the study for high school students on a lfunction of learning difficulties presented a five-point teaching suggestions: First, teachers should try to stimulate students1 interest in learning logarithmic function, and encourage stude
19、nts to discover the error and the courage to make difficult, and then design to adapt to the level of cognitive development of high school students and teaching activities, followed by a logarithmic fimction to guide students to construct knowledge framework and finally focus on students in mathemat
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