牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结第一单元一 定语从句：定语从句的介绍1. 就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样,定语从句也可以修饰名词。定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。形容词：The green team介词短语： The team in green定语从句： The team who were wearing green2. 定语从句通常由关系代词来引导,如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导,如 when, where, why。关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语,宾语,表语,定语。关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。如：做主语The trees which are

2、on the school campus have lost their leaves. 做宾语 The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school. 做表语 Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语 She has a brother whose name I can t remember.做状语 The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二 定语从句：关系代词： that , which , who,

3、whom,和 whose1. 在定语从句中, that和 which 用来指代物。eg： This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2. 在定语从句中, who 用来指代人。eg： I am going to see a friend who has just e back from the UK.3. 当 who 在定语从句中做宾语时,可以用whom来取代,且 whom比 who 更正式。eg： I don t know the name of the teacher who/whom I saw

4、in the puter room theother day.4. 当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,who, whom, which 和 that可以被省略。eg： He likes all the birthday presentsthat/whichhis friends gave him.5. Whose用来表示所属,它既可指人也可指物。eg： I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturdayaft

5、ernoon.其次单元一定 语 从 句： 介 词 提 前 的定 语 从 句 （ preposition which; prepositionwhom）1. 当关系代词（ which/whom ）做定语从句中介词的宾语时,可以把介词提到关系代词的前面。eg： We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions.2. 在非正式英语中,介词通常放在定语从句的最终。eg： Art is the subject which I know little about.3. 假如介词放在定语从句的最终,which可以被 t

6、hat取代, whom可以被 that和 who 取代。eg： Dad is a person whom/that/who I can easily talk to.4. 当关系代词做定语从句中介词的宾语,并且介词又放在定语从句的末尾时,我们通常省略关系代词 who 和 that 。eg： The topic which Eric is interested in is Physics.Daniel is the person whom I want to make friends with.5. 当先行词是 way 时,我们用 in which 或 that来引导定语从句,这种情形下,in

7、which或 that可以被省略。eg： I didn t like the way that /in which she talked to me.二 定语从句：关系副词： when, where, why可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. 我们通常用关系副词when 引导先行词是time , moment, day, season , year等的定语从句。eg： Do you remember the day when we left you in charge.I often think of the moment when I saw the UFO.2. 我们通常

8、用关系副词where 引导先行词是 place ,house,city,country ,city,world 等的定语从句。eg： The police searched the house where the thief had stayed.This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.3. 我们通常用关系副词why 引导先行词是 reason 的定语从句。eg： I don t know the reason why the house is so dirty.4. 在更加正式的英语中,where , when 和 wh

9、y 能够被介词 which所替代。eg： The study is the place where/in which I often have talks with my father.This is the reason why/for which my parents got home earlier.It rained the whole day when/on which he traveled with his family.第三单元一 定语从句：非限制性定语从句1. 非限制性定语从句是一个为主句添加额外信息的从句,在非限制性定语从句前通常有个逗号。eg： Amy, who took

10、 weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important.My pills are in the bathroom, where I always keep them.2. 当先行词是整个主句时,可以用which 来引导定语从句。eg： He missed the show, which was a great pity.3. 我们可以用all whom/which来表示全部数量,用some of whom/which 来表示部分数量。eg： I am doing different types of exercises, all of

11、 which are quite helpful to my health.Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diet.定语从句练习1. Is this the factoryyou visited the other day.A. thatB. where C. in which D. the one2. Is this factorysome foreign friends visited last Friday.A. that B. where C. which D. the one3. Is this

12、the factoryhe worked ten years ago.A. that B. where C. which D. the one4. The wolves hid themselves in the placescouldn t be found.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that5. The freezing point is the temperaturewater changes into ice.A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what6. The reason ishe is

13、unable to operate the machine.A. because B. why C. that D. whether7. I ll tell youhe told me last week.A. all which B. that C. all that D. which可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结8. That tree,branches are almost bare, is very old.A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which9. I have bought the same dressshe is

14、 wearing.A. asB. thatC. whichD. what10. We re talking about the piano and the pianistwere in the concert we attended last night.A. which B. whom C. who D. that11. Anyonethis opinion may speak out.A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against12. Didnt you see the man.I nodded

15、just nowB. whom I nodded just nowC. I nodded to him just nowD. I nodded to just now13. Is there anythingto you.A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs14. -“ How do you like the book.”-“It s quite different fromI read last month.”A. thatB. whichC. the one D. the one what15

16、. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils exceptwho had already taken them.A. the ones B. onesC. some D. the others16. The trainshe was travelling was late.A. which B. whereC. on which D. in that17. It s the third timelate this month.A. that you arrivedB. when you arrivedC. that you ve arrived

17、 D. when you ve arrived18. May the fourth is the daywe Chinese people will never forget.A. which B. whenC. on which D. about which可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结19. Is it in that factory A. in which B. where C. which D. that“ Red Flag ” cars are produced.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结20. He must be from Africa,c

18、an be seen from his skin.A. that B. asC. whoD. what21. He has two sons,work as chemists.A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom22. I,your good friend, will try my best to help you out.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is23. I don t likeyou speak to

19、 her.A. the wayB. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which24. The two thingsthey felt very proud are Jim s gold watch and Della s hair.A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which25. Do you know which hotel.A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying

20、 in26. Who can think of a situationthis idiom can be used.A. which B. that C. where D. in that27. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship,much help for knowing space.which we think it is B. which we think are ofC. of which we think is D. I think which is of28. The great day we looked for

21、ward toat lastA. eB. cameC. ingD. es29. I like the second football matchwas held last week.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. /30. This is the very filmIve long wished to see.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom31. The housethe capitalist used to live in is now a nursery.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. when32. The doctor did

22、 allto save the wounded boy.A. what he could B. he could C. everything which he could D. for which he could do33. you know, he is a famous musician.A. AsB. whichC. ThatD.34. He is the only one of the threegot the new idea.A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had 35.This is the babytomorrow.A

23、. after whom I shall lookB. whom I shall look afterC. whose I shall look afterD. after whom I shall look after可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结36. These studentswillgraduatefrom the universitynextsummer, studied here for four years.A. by then B. by that time C. by what timeD. by which timetheywillhave可编辑资料 -

24、 - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结37. This is the house the windowfaces the south.A. of whichB. whichC. of itD. whose38. It is five oclock in the afternoonthey arrived at the hotel.A. sinceB. beforeC. whenD. that可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结39. In somecountries, for all people.iscalled“equality” does not reallymeanequal

25、rights可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. which B. what C. that D. one40. - How about the games.-Very interesting, and the onesthe young men peted were really exciting可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. whatB. for whom C. whereD. in which二 附加疑问句1. 附加疑问句是放在陈述句后面的短问句。它们通常被用在口语中来引出一段对话,以一个更加礼貌的方式来询问信息,温顺的发号施令或要求某人做某事。我们

26、用附加疑问句来询问看法或征求同意。当我们用附加疑问句来询问看法时,为了期望对方能同意我们的观点,附加疑问句会用降调来表达。当我们用附加疑问句来征求同意时,我们实际上是在询问我们自己也不太能确信的事情,这时候附加疑问句会用升调来表达。2. 附加疑问句的构成有以下几种：1） 在确定的陈述句之后,我们会用否定的附加疑问句。在否定的陈述句之后,我们会用确定的附加疑问句。eg： We can still be friends, cant we.He doesn t like ice cream, does he.当主句中有像 neither,none,nobody ,nothing,few ,littl

27、e,never ,hardly或 seldom这类词时,它们被认为是否定的,因此后面会跟个确定的附加疑问句。eg： Neither of you will have coffee, will you.No one has found my CD, have they. Nobody understood his speech, did they.His sister seldom argues with people, does she.人称代词如I ,we, you, he, she, it或 they 会放在附加疑问句中。eg： I was pretty silly, wasn t I.E

28、veryone has advises you not to go on a diet, havent you.助动词,情态动词或be 动词会放在附加疑问句中。eg： You like traveling, don t you.There is something wrong, isn t there. You can t speak Italian, can you.祁使句后用 will you, Let s 后用 shall we eg： Post a letter for me, will you.Let s have a break, shall we.反意疑问句1 He hurt h

29、is leg when playing football. He is very unlucky,he. A isB didn tC isn tD does可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2 John is a diligent student who spends most of his time studying,he. A hadn tB hadC doesD isn t3 They don t answer the phone when I call.-There isn t any one at home then,.A isn t there B is there

30、C is it D isn t it 4 It seldom snows in winter in Shanghai,.A doesn t it B isn t it C is it D does it5 She has already plans for the summer holidays,.A hasn t sheB isnt sheC doesn t sheD hadn t it 6 Mother loves reading. She never spends time watching TV,.A does sheB will she C have sheD doesn t she

31、 7 It is the first time that she has been to the United States,.A isn t sheB isnt itC hasnt sheD hasn t it 8 I don t think he is right,.A do IB don t IC is heD isn t he可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结一 现在完成时态第一单元可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. 我们用现在完成时态来表示在最近的过去发生的但跟现在有联系的事情。eg： The disappearance of Justin has m

32、ade Kelly very unhappy.2. 我们也用现在完成时态来表示在过去刚开头,并且现在仍没终止的事情。eg： I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.当动作发生的准确时间不清晰或不重要时,我们也用现在完成时态。常常连用的时间短语有： already,ever,for,just,lately,never,recently,since,yet,already用于确定句, yet 用于否定句。eg： The boy has already e home.I haven t heard anything from him yet. f

33、or+ 一段时间since+点时间eg： We havent seen him for two years. We haven t seen him since 2002.注：当已给定详细的时间时,我们往往用一般过去时态,而不是现在完成时态。我们用现在完成时态来谈论刚刚完成的动作。eg： The police have just finished searching the area.我们也用现在完成时态来表示重复的动作。eg： Some villages say that they have seen UFOs many times.现在完成时态的构成是：have/has+ 动词的过去分词二

34、 现在完成进行时态1. 我们用现在完成进行时态来表示在过去发生的并且仍将连续的动作。eg： I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.2. 我们用现在完成进行时态来表示刚刚终止但以某种方式和现在有联系的动作。eg： - Sorry I m late. Have you been waiting long.- Yes, I ve been waiting for an hour.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. 现在完成进行时态的构成：have/has +been +doing 注： for和 since和现在完成

35、进行时态连用。 eg： I have been waiting for a long time.He has been waiting since nine oclock.三 现在完成时态仍是现在完成进行时态1. 我们用现在完成时态来谈论刚刚完成的动作,用现在完成进行时态来表示发生在过去并且现在仍在发生的动作。eg： Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge. She finished reading the book.LiJia has beenreading a book about Stonehenge. She isstill readingthe

36、 book.2. 我们用现在完成时态表示重复的动作,用现在完成进行时态来表示不停的动作。eg： I have visited Egypt twice this month.I have been touring Egypt for two months.现在完成时态用于回答how many/much 的提问,现在完成进行时态用于回答how long的提问。eg： How many times have you swum in the lake.How long have you been swimming in the lake.3. 状态动词和动作动词都可以用在现在完成时态中,但只有动作动词

37、可以用在现在完成进行时态中。eg： I have had this camera for five years. 状态动词 I have taken photos of UFO with this camera.（动作动词）I have been taking photos of UFO with this camera.（动作动词）注：动作动词表示发生或变化的动作,如go, play 。状态动词表示保持不变的动作, 如 like, know , exist4. 当 never ,yet , already , ever显现在句子中时,只用现在完成时态,而不用现在完成进行时态。eg： I ve

38、 never visited Paris.I ve already been to Paris.其次单元一 将来进行时态1. 我们用将来进行时态来：1） 谈论将来一段时间正在进行的事情。eg： Toby will be climbing in the Himalayas all next week 2） 谈论从将来的某一点开头并且有可能要连续一段时间的事情。eg： Toby willnot be in London next Tuesday. He willbe climbingin the Himalayas.3） 没有任何意图的表达将来的事情。eg： The weather report

39、says that it will be raining when we arrive in London. 在这种情形下表示事情是很自然的发生的,没有人为的支配.4） 礼貌的询问有关其他人将来的方案。eg： Will you be visiting your uncle in Tanzania.2. 将来进行时态的构成：1） 陈述句： willnot+v-ingeg： Toby and his brother, Colin, will not be flying to Morocco.2） 疑问句： will提到主语的前面可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结eg： Will th

40、ey be flying to Morocco on 15th July.3） 回答： will（ not ）eg： Yes, they will. /No, they will notwon t二 过去将来时态1. 我们用过去将来时态和过去进行时态来：1） 表示过去的将来某一时间要发生的动作。eg： They set off at 9 a.m. and would reach the airport an hour later.2) 暗指一个过去的目的。eg： I was going to leave, but then it rained.3) 暗指一个过去的支配。eg： Colin ca

41、lled Jennifer to say that he was seeing her later that afternoon.4) 指代实际已经发生过的将来的动作。eg： The journey that was to change Toby s life started in July that year.2. 陈述句中过去将来时态的构成：1） would +动词原形eg： I told you Colin and I would spend a few weeks traveling.2 was/were going to, was /were to , was/were about

42、toeg： We were going to see the wild animals, but then we didn t have time.It was his last day at school-he was to leave the next morning. Colin was about to get off the camel when a child ran towards him.第三单元一 过去完成时态1. 我们用一般过去时态来谈论一个过去的动作。当我们想要谈论比过去更早的时间里发生的事情时,就用过去完成时态。eg： Upon entering the tomb, C

43、arter s lucky petbird, whichhad led himto the place, waseaten by a snake.2. 在直接引语中,我们用过去完成时态来指代说话的时候就已经发生的动作。直接引语中的一般过去时态和现在完成时态在间接引语中改为过去完成时态。eg：“ We emptied the tomb of everything it contained,” said Carter.-Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained.3. 过去完成时态只是指在另一个过去的动

44、作之前发生的动作,并不是指发生在一长段时间以前的动作。eg： I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.4. 过去完成时态常常跟以下引导的时间短语连用,如when, after,before,as soon as, until, since, by, for, already.eg： Then a few months afterCarterhad opened the tomb,Lord Carnarvonfellill with afever and died.5. 过去完成时态的构成：had+v-ede

45、g： Howard Carterhad receivedmoney from Lord Carnarvon beforehe madehismost amazing discovery.二 现在完成时态仍是过去完成时态1. 当我们谈论一个与现在有关的过去的事情时,我们用现在完成时态。eg： Howard Carterisone ofthe most famous explorerstheworldhas everknown.2. 当我们在谈论过去,并要说明一个更早发生的动作的时候,我们就要用过去完成时态。eg： Not long after the tomb hadbeen opened, people in Carter s team began to fall ill and diestrangly.语法复习模快二I 1 Alice s second-hand puterwrong although she used it only once.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A goes B has