大学英语四级考试写作讲座.ppt

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1、大学英语四级考试写作讲座,内容提要,四级写作应达到的水平四级作文评分标准作文条理性及相关句式写作模板,写作一般要求我能填写常见表格如注册表、申请表、问卷调查表等。我能写给或回复他人祝贺卡、生日卡、邀请信、便条、短信、通知等。我能写出简单的指示语、个人广告、社团海报、个人简历等。我能简要地描述个人经历、发生的事件、读过的故事、观看的影片、喜怒哀乐等情感，写出或回答个人或公司的信函、电子邮件、传真等。我能就一定话题或提纲在30分钟内写出不少于120词的短文，内容基本完整、中心思想明确、用词恰当、语意连贯。我能在一般写作或应用文写作中恰当使用相应的写作技能。,评分标准,2：不切题。条理不清，思路紊乱

2、，语言支离破碎。5：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。8：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14：切题。表达思想清楚、文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。字数不足以应酌情扣分：（1）如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得计入所写字数。（2）只写一段者：0 4；只写两段者：0 9。（指规定三段的作文）,条理性,作文是主观性题，要想得高分我们必须把评卷老师考虑

3、进去。评卷老师的时间很短（每份卷子的作文只有一两分钟就要阅完），用first of all, second, tobeginwith, afterthat,next,more important, atlast等短语，可以使阅卷老师一眼就看出你作文的条理性。,增加条理性的常用句式,表层次,递进:Furthermore,Whatsmore,AlsoNext,Besides,Moreover,Inaddition, Last but not least, ,增加条理性的常用句式,表因果； Therefore,Consequently,becauseof / thankstoThus, is due

4、to/owingtoOnthisaccount,Since/asAsaresult,Asaconsequence,增加条理性的常用句式,表总结： Insummary,Inaword,Inconclusion,Inshort,To sum up,Generally speaking,增加条理性的常用句式,表转折，对比，比较；ComparedwithA，B ThereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthemOnthecontrary,Whereas,Bycontrast,Despite thefactthatNevertheless,eventhoughOnthecontrar

5、y,However,On the one hand, Ontheotherhand,Otherwise ,增加条理性的常用句式,表示事实、现状 Wecannotignorethefactthat NoonecandenythefactthatThere is no doubt that. Thisisaphenomenonthatmanypeopleareinterestedin However，thatsnotthecase,增加条理性的常用句式,表举例：Totakeasanexample, OneexampleisAnotherexampleisForexample, ,增加条理性的常用句

6、式,其他：As far as I know 据我所知 As far as.is concerned 就而论 As the saying goes 俗话说 It has been proved that. 已经证明 It is estimated that. 据估计 It is believed that. 人们相信 It is considered that. 大家认为 It is hoped that. 人们希望 Therefore we should realize that. 因此我们应当明白,Above all 最重要的是 After all 毕竟 Finally, we hope t

7、hat. 最后，我们希望 It may be confirmed that. 可以肯定 Therefore, we have the reason to believe that因此，我们有理由相信,常用闪光高分词,认为，主张argue/ claim/ believe/ maintain/ hold that考虑 takeinto consideration; consider; ponder; think over; reflect on/ upon下结论，断定come to the conclusion; arrive at the conclusion; draw the conclus

8、ion; conclude; judge获得，赢得，取得 acquire, obtain, attain, reap, gain, procure,支持，赞成 approve of, in favor of, uphold, stand by ones side, agree with提倡 advocate, recommend反对，抵制 oppose, object to, be against, resist重大的，有决定性的 profound, significant, eventful, vital, crucial, critical, decisive运用，使用 optimize,

9、 make full/best use of, employ, utilize, apply,当前，目前 nowadays, at present, currently, presently表达，说 voice, convey, express, deliver, communicate适应 be adapted to, be accustomed to, be adjusted to 阻碍，阻止 hinder, curb, hamper, restrain, prevent, ward off, avoid,好处，优点 advantage, merit, benefit坏处，缺点 disad

10、vantage, defect, flaw, drawback, deficiency参加 participate in, take part in, attend, go in for, engage in集中精力于，专心于 focus (ones attention) on, center on, concentrate on, set ones mind on依赖，依靠 depend/rely on, lean on取决于 it depends on,努力做，尽力做 attempt to, make efforts to, endeavor to, manage to 进步，成就，成绩

11、advancement, achievement, accomplishment, feat, fulfillment除外 apart from, in addition to, along with开展，实施，做 practice, carry out, enforce, conduct, perform,强调，重视，突出 lay/place emphasis on, attach emphasis to, stress on, highlight优秀的 outstanding, brilliant, remarkable, distinguished, excellent实现，完成 ach

12、ieve, accomplish, fulfill, complete把看作，当作 regardas, consideras, look onas, treat/view as,珍惜，重视 cherish, treasure, attach importance to完全的，彻底的 sheer, utter, thorough解释 account for, illustrate, clarify起作用 play a role/part in, perform, function, serve证实，证明 testify, confirm, verify, turn out事实上 in pract

13、ice/reality/effect, as a matter of fact, virtually, actually,显示，表明 point out, indicate, demonstrate, reflect, manifest缩短，减少 shorten, cut down减少，削弱 reduce, decrease, diminish, lessen方法， 手段 method, approach, means, measure, mode提高 improve, increase, enhance, raise, elevate,建立 build, set up, put up, fo

14、und, establish, construct遭受 suffer from, be subjected to, encounter在我看来，就我而言 in my view/mind/belief, as far as I can see, as far as I am concerned想到，想出 come up with, cross ones mind, occur to sb.,需要 call for, require, demand遵守 abide by, observe, conform易于，倾向于 tend / incline to, be inclined to, be pr

15、one to, be likely to, be liable to 熟悉，知道 be acquainted with, be familiar with, be informed of,解决，处理 solve, resolve, settle, deal with, cope with, manage, work on必要的，不可缺少的 indispensable, essential影响 affect, impact, have effect on意识到 be aware of, be conscious of,写作模板,对立观点型/辩论型说明原因型 解决问题型,对立观点型/辩论型,A 一

16、个校园或社会现象/问题B有人认为X是好事，赞成X，为什么？有人认为X是坏事，反对X，为什么？C我的看法。,对立观点型/辩论型,Nowadays,more and more people become concerned about thesocial/economic/environmentalproblem/phenomenon that 出现的现象或问题.(Xhasincreasinglybecomeacommonconcernofthepublic./ With the development of society, more and more X have come into bein

17、g.) 说明这种现象的情况或举例子. There is a hot debate going on arguing whether they are good for the public or not(, especially for college students). Each coin has two sides. As for such a question, different people hold different opinions. Somebelieve that支持X的第一个原因。(On the one hand,)Theyalsoarguethat支持X的另一个原因。

18、However,there is an opposite voice, which claim that反对X的第一个理由.(On the other hand,)Theyfirmlypointoutthat反对X的第二个理由. As far as Im concerned, I hold the belief thattheadvantagesofXoverweighthedisadvantages, because说明原因.I suggest we should建议.,对立观点型/辩论型,e.g. 2008.6. 真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed

19、thirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicRecreationalactivities.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below: 1.娱乐活动多种多样 2.娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3.作为大学生我们的看法,对立观点型/辩论型,范文： Withthedramaticdevelopmentofsocietyandthe improvement of peopleslivingstandard,m

20、ore and morerecreationalactivitiesare comingintobeing.Somepeople maygotoKTVwiththeirfriendsonweekendstogetrelaxedafterfive daysintensework.Meanwhile,othersmightchoosetosurftheinternettokilltimeandappreciatevastresourcesontheinternet. Everythinghastwosidesjustlikeacoin,andentertainmentisnoexception.D

21、ifferent people hold different opinions on recreational activities. Ontheonehand,amusementactivitiescanenrichpeopleslives and broadenpeopleshorizons.Ontheotherhand,some people may waste their timeiftheyfailtoapproachrecreationproperly. Asfarascollegestudentsareconcerned,I hold the belief thattheadva

22、ntagesofrecreational activities overweighthedisadvantages, because wecantakeadvantageofthebenefitsto relax ourselves and learn many things out of school.We should always keep the following words in mind:itisessentialtobeself-disciplinedandstay away from the negativeinfluences from recreational activ

23、ities.,对立观点型/辩论型,2009.6. 真题Free admission to museums1. 越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么?2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法,2006年12月英语四级作文1、许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会；2、但有些人提出取消春节晚会； 3、我的看法,说明原因型,A.出现的现象 B.一些人这样做的原因；另一些人这样做的原因；还有一部分人这样做的原因C. 我的看法/这种现象造成的结果,说明原因型,Nowadays,more and more people become concerned about thesocial/economic/environ

24、mentalproblem/ phenomenon that 出现的现象或问题.(Xhasincreasinglybecomeacommonconcernof thepublic.) 说明这种现象的情况或举例子. However，as for the reasons why people , different people have different opinions. Some people in order to . Some people want to so that . And the others have the purpose of As far as I am conce

25、rned, effective measures should be taken to . So I suggest 给出建议. / This phenomenon will lead to 造成什么结果. Another result is ,说明原因型,e.g. 2007.12.真题What Electives To Choose1. 各学校开了各种各样的选修课2. 学生选课有不同的原因3. 就我而言,说明原因型,With the reform of Chinese higher education, more and more colleges and universities put

26、an emphasis on nurturing students practical abilities. As a result, a variety of elective courses are available for college students of all majors. Certainly, as for students reasons to choose their own electives, different students have different opinions. Some students choose the electives in orde

27、r to develop practical skills, which are the essential part of college education, and therefore, courses on computer science, marketing, and finance are highly preferred. On the other hand, others may think that liberal education and electives concerning literature, history, and philosophy are the m

28、ost welcomed. As far as Im concerned, university is not a place for survival skills, but a palace of knowledge and critical reasoning. Although my major is chemistry, the electives I attend most frequently are English literature, an Introduction to Classic Music, and Different Schools of Western Pai

29、nting. They really broaden my horizon.,说明原因型,2010.6. 真题Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling 1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2.出现这种情况的原因3.这种现象导致的结果,解决问题型,A. 出现了什么现象，造成了问题一、二、三B. 解决的途径一、二、三C. 我的途径,解决问题型,Nowadays, Xhasincreasinglybecomeacommonconcernofthepublic, and it might lead to some problems. One obvious

30、problem is that问题1. 问题2 is another problem. The worst result may be 问题3. However, the problems can be dealt with in many different ways.The most common way is 途径1.Another way is 途径2.There is still the third choice that 途径3. As for me, I would like to, because Therefore, I choose to ,2008年12月英语四级作文Li

31、miting the Use of Disposal Bags1. 一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2. 造成的问题3. 限制使用塑的意义,2009年6月英语四级作文Free admission to museums越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么?也会带来一些问题你的看法,解决问题型,e.g. 2000.1. 真题How I Finance My College Education?Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My C

32、ollege Education? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 上大学的费用可以通过多种途径解决2. 哪种途径适合我(说明理由),解决问题型,Every year, thousands of young men enter universities and colleges. It has been a problem for some students and their families to finance

33、 their college education. In fact, the problem can be dealt with in many ways. The most common way is to get all the money from the parents. If their parents cant afford the fees, students can apply for a loan from the bank. There is still another way. Students can finance their education by doing s

34、ome part-time jobs in their spare time. As for me, my parents can pay the greater part of the fees for me. So, I wont have a heavy financial burden, and I can focus on my study. I would like to pay the rest of the money by doing a part-time job, because although my parents are able to pay all the tu

35、ition, I still want to know more about society through my own working experience. Therefore, I choose this way to finance my college education.,图表式作文,A. 说明图标内容和显示的变化B说明原因一二三C预测发展趋势/有什么困难问题，怎么解决,图表式作文,第一句先说明主题是什么。Reading this chart, we can find that/ Itisobviousinthegraph/tablethattherate/number/amou

36、ntofYhasgoneup/grown/fallen/droppedconsiderablyinrecentyears(asXvaries).AtthepointofX1,Yreachesitspeakvalueof(多少). Whatisthereasonforthischange?Mainlythereare(多少) reasonsbehindthesituationreflectedinthegraph/table.Firstofall,play an important role in (第一个原因).Also, leads to (第二个原因).Besides,enables to

37、 (第三个原因). Fromtheabovediscussions,wehaveenoughreasontopredictwhatwillhappeninthenearfuture.Thetrenddescribedinthegraph/tablewillcontinueforquitealongtime(ifnecessarymeasuresarenottaken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势). / There are some problems/difficulties in For example, So we should ,图表式作文,2002.6真题Directions: F

38、or this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words and baseyour composition on the outline given below: 1.上图(图略)所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生事业计算机的情况,请描述其变化2.请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有

39、什么困难或问题,图表式作文,Students tend to use computers more and more nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it has less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours, and in 2000, the numb

40、er soared to 20 hours. Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular. Mainly there are three reasons for this. First of all, computers play an important role in many aspects of life. Also, fast development of the Internet leads to greater demands for using computers. We can easily contact w

41、ith friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the price of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to afford them. However, there are some problems. For example, some students spend too much time in playing computer games and forget to study. So we should bal

42、ance the time between using computers and studying. Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly.,论证句式,表示原因 表示好处表示坏处 表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 表示措施 表示变化,表示原因,Therearethreereasonsfor Thereasonsforareasfollows Thereasonforisthat,表示好处,Ithasthefollowingadvantages Itdoesusalotofgoo

43、d Itbenefitsusquitealot Itisbeneficialtous It has a positive effect.,表示坏处,IthasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantagesItdoesusmuchharm Itisharmful tousIt has some negative effects.,表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能,Itisimportant（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）forsbtodosth Wethinkit important（necessary，difficult，con

44、venient，possible） todosth Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife,表示措施,Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome（conquer）thedifficulties Weshoulddoourutmostindoingsth Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted with,表示变化,Somechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyears Agreatchangewillcertai

45、nlyappear intheworldscommunications Thecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation,2009年6月英语四级作文,Free admission to museums1. 越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么?2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法,Free Admission to Museums(满分版),Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden rea

46、son behind this is not hard to analyze as theres a growing awareness of the authorities regarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access to this live database, can most people fully enjoy what museums could offe

47、r them.However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well. The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes the sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways

48、to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of which might not be well-purposed and do some conscious or unconscious damage to the valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in th

49、e museums.As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct. Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some closed days for museums for regular maintenance. Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a long-lasting phenomenon and have sustainable development.,