外研英语八年级上册Module 4Unit3(共36张PPT).ppt

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1、主要内容 原级、比较级、最高级简介原级、比较级、最高级简介 原级、比较级、最高级构成方式原级、比较级、最高级构成方式 注意点注意点 倍数的表达倍数的表达 比较级和最高级的修饰语比较级和最高级的修饰语 比较级和最高级用法比较级和最高级用法总结总结 不表示比较意义的比较结构不表示比较意义的比较结构 “比较比较”出来的英语名言出来的英语名言原级、比较级、最高级简介原级、比较级、最高级简介形容词和副词有三个等级： 1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。 small, good, pretty, big, many hard, happily, slowly, quickly 程度副词very,too,so,

2、quite等修饰形容词和副词的原级。 如：very tall、 too hot、 so cold quite interesting asas ,(与一样）； not as（so)as （与不一样）中间用原级。形容词的原级与asas连用表示肯定意思，是“和一样”的意思；与not as/ so as连用表示否定意义，是“不如”或“不一样”的含义 The story is as interesting as that one. The question is not as / so difficult as that one.2.比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。表示“较”或“更一些”。标志词：tha

3、n (比） 单音节词通常是-er结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加more. 如:smaller, better, taller, older, more, harder more interesting , more quickly3.最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间 的比较。 标志词：in+大范围, of all, of +the+具体的数字 表示“最”的意思。（两者以上用最高级） 单音节词通常是-est结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加most. 在形容词的最高级前必须加the;副词之前可以不加。如 ：smallest, tallest, newest, best most i

4、nteresting, most difficultly 形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级的用法 (in; of)1、那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的、那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的.2、今天是一年中最热的一天、今天是一年中最热的一天.3、他的房间是三个中最干净的一个、他的房间是三个中最干净的一个.4、上海是中国最大的城市、上海是中国最大的城市.The girl with red hair is the tallest in our class.Today is the hottest day of the year.His room is the cleanest of the three.Shan

5、ghai is the largest in China. 注意: the +序数词+最高级+单数可数名词：表示“第几大的” eg. 1.This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson。 2. Russia is the first biggest country in era in the world.单音节和少数多音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级单音节和少数多音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分规则和不规则。变化如下：的构成分规则和不规则。变化如下： 构 成 方 法原 级比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词

6、尾加一般在词尾加-er/或或-est/ist/coldcoldercoldestfastfasterfastest以字母以字母e结尾的形容词，加结尾的形容词，加-r或或-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-es或或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节结尾的双音节词，先改词，先改“+y”结结尾尾的的双双音音节节词词，先先改改“y”为为“i”,再加再加-er或或-esteasyea

7、siereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加在词前加more或或mosttiredmore tiredmost tiredeasilymore easilymost easily不规则变化 well better best bad worse worst many more most little less least Much more most far farther farthest双双音节或多音节形容词和副词的比较级音节或多音节形容词和副词的比较级 和最高级的特殊情况：和最高级的特殊情况：1、一般是在原级前加、一般是在原级前加more构成

8、比较级，在原级前加构成比较级，在原级前加most构构成最高级。成最高级。 beautiful more beautiful most beautiful interesting more interesting most interesting dangerous more dangerous most dangerous 2、某些单音节形容词，加某些单音节形容词，加more, most 构成比较级和最高级。构成比较级和最高级。 glad more glad most glad pleased more pleased most pleased tired more tired most ti

9、red often-more often- most often3、表示在两者之间相差的程度用、表示在两者之间相差的程度用“具体数字具体数字+比较级比较级+ than+ 比较对象比较对象”。eg: The road is two metres longer than that one . 这条公路比那条公路长两米。这条公路比那条公路长两米。 This pencil is four inches shorter than that one . 这只铅笔比那只铅笔短四英寸。这只铅笔比那只铅笔短四英寸。4、有些双音节和单音节形容词，既可以加有些双音节和单音节形容词，既可以加er或或est构成比较级和

10、最高级，构成比较级和最高级，也可以加也可以加more 和和most构成比较级和最高级。构成比较级和最高级。 friendly huge calm free true cleverimportant _ _ easy_ _ wet_ _ happy_ _ careful _ _ thin _ _ good_ _ hot _ _ easily _ _ many_ _ nice _ _ big _ _heavy_ _delicious_ _much_ _练习：给出下列词的比较级和最高级练习：给出下列词的比较级和最高级 more importantmost importanteasiereasiest

11、wetterwettesthappierhappiestmore carefulmost carefulthinnerthinnestbetterbesthotterhottestmore easilymost easilymoremostnicernicestbiggerbiggestheavierheaviestmore deliciousmost deliciousmoremost1.The new building is higher than the old one.Those apples are bigger than these ones.2.His shirt is more

12、 expensive than mine. 如果主语是物主代词如果主语是物主代词+名词，那么后面要用名词，那么后面要用 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词。比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，特别注意在特别注意在than或或 as 之后不要漏掉可能出现之后不要漏掉可能出现的替代词的替代词 that ，those, one ,ones. 注意点3.Kate is more beautiful than Lily is. She is five years older than I am.

13、 I drink more tea than he (does).than前后句子的时态相同。通常用前后句子的时态相同。通常用be动词动词情态动词情态动词can, may, must, could, should和助动和助动词词do, does ,did, will，have等来简答。等来简答。4.I have more pens than you (do).many,much,little,few等词必须带名词。等词必须带名词。5.The city is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.one of+ the+最高级最高级+复数名词

14、复数名词 Which/Who+ 比较级，比较级，A or B? Which/Who+ 最高级，最高级，A ，B or C?6.Who is older, Jim or Tom ? Who is the tallest, Jim , Mike or Tom Which language is _ , English, French or Chinese?A. difficult B. more difficult C. the most difficultC7. Mary is the tallest of all the sisters in the family .在使用形容词最高级时，一定

15、有比较的范围。在使用形容词最高级时，一定有比较的范围。8.This is the third largest city in China . 当表示当表示“第二，第三第二，第三”等意思时，经常在最高等意思时，经常在最高级的前面加级的前面加second, third,等词。等词。 9.Its our largest machine in our factory. 当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加定冠词定冠词the. 10. 10. 形容词的比较级形容词的比较级 + + and + + 形容词的比较级形容词的比较级 （前后（前后形容词是同一个）形容词是同一个

16、） 越来越越来越She is becoming thinner and thinner.Living in the world is becoming more and more difficult. 11. 英语中某些形容词由于本身表达的含义已经暗含英语中某些形容词由于本身表达的含义已经暗含”与同与同类比较最为类比较最为*”, 一般不用于比较结构一般不用于比较结构, 也不用也不用very 来修来修饰饰: Absolute, primary, correct, wrong, favourite, ultimate, perfect, eternal, first, last, true, un

17、ique, final, total, sole等等.12 senior, junior, superior, inferior等词与等词与to连用表示比较的概念连用表示比较的概念用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确Their watch is superior _ all the other watches on the market.He runs a lot faster _ I.解析：某些以解析：某些以-ior结尾的形容词不用比较形式却能表达比较概念，结尾的形容词不用比较形式却能表达比较概念，其后要接介词其后要接介词to。这些词有。这些词有inf

18、erior（劣等的，次的）、（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于（较好的，优于）、）、junior（资历较浅的）、（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较（资格较老的）、老的）、prior（在（在之前）等。因此，题填之前）等。因此，题填to；题是比较；题是比较级，填级，填than。 13 在同级比较在同级比较 as*as*和异级比较和异级比较 more*than*结构中结构中会出现一个名词会出现一个名词 通常将名词置于比较结构中要注意冠词通常将名词置于比较结构中要注意冠词置于名词之前置于名词之前 He is as clever as a student as anyone else i

19、n his class That was more important a meeting than we had imagined 14. 有时候有时候most与形容词或副词连用与形容词或副词连用 但是并不表示最高但是并不表示最高级比较的意义级比较的意义 而是一般的程度副词而是一般的程度副词 可以译为可以译为 “很很,非常非常” The telephone is a most useful tool without which our modern life would be almost impossible She behaved most generously15、the + 形容词的

20、比较级形容词的比较级 + + the +形容词的比较级形容词的比较级 表示表示“ 越越，就越，就越”The more you eat, the fatter you will be.The harder you study, the more you will get.The smaller the house is, the less it will cost.The sooner, the better. 16、the + 形容词比较级形容词比较级 + of 短语短语 两者中比较两者中比较的的一个一个 She is the prettier of the two girls. The bi

21、ke is the older of the two. His is the taller of the two. This one is the more beautiful of the the two picture. 17.表示表示“是是的几倍的几倍”，用，用“倍数倍数+as+原级原级+as”结构，或者结构，或者“倍数倍数+比较级比较级+than”结构。结构。 eg: This classroom is three times as big as that one. This classroom is twice bigger than that one. 表示倍数 1）数词 + ti

22、mes + as + 形容词原级 + asThis room is twice as big as that one. 2）数词+times+形容词比较级+than This room is twice bigger than that one. 3）数词+times+性质名词+of (性质名词主要有：length, size, height, weight, depth等) This room is twice the size of that one. 4） (not) half + as + 形容词原级 + as This room is half as big as that one.

23、 比较级和最高级的修饰语 1.常见的比较级的修饰语有：much, a great deal, far, by far, even, will, still, a bit, a little, rather, any, (far) larger 表示不定程度或数量。 Very不可以用来修饰比较级! eg: I am even less lucky. She is far better than me at writing. This pen is much better than that one. Tom is a little shorter than his friend Jim. Thi

24、s movie is far more interesting than I expected. 2. all the +比较级：愈来愈eg. I worked all the harder. 我工作愈来愈努力了。 3. any修饰比较级只用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句 eg. Can you do any better on this job? 4.常见的最高级的修饰语有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really等 eg. He is almost the best player.总结总结: 形容词、副词比

25、较级和最高级的常用句型形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常用句型名称名称结构结构例句例句相等相等 as+原级原级+asMiss Xu speaks English as fluently as you. as+原级原级+a/an+单数名词单数名词+as He is as honest a man as you .as many+名词复数名词复数+as；as much+不可数名词不可数名词+as I have as many books as you. 倍数倍数+ as+原级原级+ a This room is three times as large as that one. 不及不及 not as

26、/so+原级原级+as This building looks not so (as) high as that one. less+原级原级+than This room is less beautiful than that one. 超超过过 比较级比较级+than Health is more important than wealth. the+比较级比较级+of the two，表示，表示“两者中较两者中较的一个的一个” He is the taller of the two. 否定否定词词+比较比较级级 no+比较级比较级+than，表示表示“两者都不两者都不” This boo

27、k is no more interesting than that one. 再再不过（可不过（可译为译为“非常，十非常，十分分”） His work couldnt be worse. 程度程度递增递增 -er+and+-er，more and more+多音节词原级，多音节词原级，表示表示“越来越来越越” The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful. 两种情况两种情况同时变化同时变化 the+比较级，比较级，the +比比较级，表示较级，表示“越越，越越” The ha

28、rder he works, the happier he feels. 三者或三三者或三者以上者以上比较比较 the+最高级最高级+of/ in + 比较范围，表示比较范围，表示“之中最之中最” Of all things in the world, people are the most precious. 比较等级的修饰语比较等级的修饰语用于比用于比较级前较级前 a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice, any（常用于否定句（常用于否定句或疑问句中）或疑问句中） etc. My d

29、eskmate is even fatter than me. many, a few (用于用于“more+可数可数名词复数名词复数”前前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane. 用于最用于最高级前高级前 the very, much, by far, the first/second, etc. This cake is by far the largest in the world.不表示比较意义的比较结构 某些句子虽采用类似比较级的结构但本身并不表示比较意义,表示”与其说不如说” Not so much

30、 as More(less).than more of a than Less of a than Eg. She is more of a poet than a musician. she was less hurt than frightened.“比较比较”出来的英语出来的英语1. A friend is easier lost than found. 朋友易失不易得。朋友易失不易得。2. Enough is as good as a feast. 知足常乐。知足常乐。3. Better to do well than to say well. 说得好不如干得好。说得好不如干得好。4. Better the last smile than the first laughter. 宁可最后微笑，不可首先狂喜。宁可最后微笑，不可首先狂喜。5. Doing is better than saying. 会说不如会做。会说不如会做。6. Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人。两人智慧胜一人。7. Good to begin well, better to end well. 善始好，善终更佳。善始好，善终更佳。8. An eye finds more truth than two ears. 百闻不如一见百闻不如一见