2021高考英语大一轮复习语法专题13构词法课件新人教版.pptx

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1、语法专题十三构词法语法专题十三构词法考点二-2-高考感悟考点归纳1.(2018全国,语篇填空)Im a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.scientist前面有冠词a,所以此处要用单数名词。且根据后面的who可知,填scientist。2.(2018全国,语篇填空)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.global此处修饰名词短语fertilizer

2、 consumption,其前需用形容词修饰,故填global。考点二-3-高考感悟考点归纳3.(2018天津改编)The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.possibility句意:宇宙中其他行星上存在生命这种可能性一直激励着科学家们去探索外部太空。根据前面的the可知,所填的词应是名词形式。故填possibility。4.(2016浙江改编)A sudden stop can be

3、a very frightening experience,(especial) if you are travelling at high speed.especially句意:突然停住可能是很吓人的经历,特别是如果你正在高速行驶的时候。这里用副词修饰句子,强调尤其是在高速行驶时。考点二-4-高考感悟考点归纳5.(2015江苏改编)Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.adjustments动词make之后应该接宾语,由于没有冠词,所以空格处应该填写复数形式ad

4、justments。句意:一些学校将不得不做出调整,以适应国家足球改革。6.(2015安徽改编)They gave money to the old peoples home either (personal) or through their companies.personally分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填副词并与through their companies构成并列状语。句意:他们亲自或通过公司向敬老院捐款。考点二-5-高考感悟考点归纳7.(2015福建改编)It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case

5、we got worried.considerate句意:迈克尔想得很周到,他通知我们他耽搁的事情,以免我们担心。considerate“考虑周详的,体贴的”,本句应用了句型“It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.某人想得很周到,做了”。8.(2015湖北改编)The girl used to be shy,but is (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.gradually分析句子结构可知此处需要副词gradually来修饰动词短语“g

6、etting active”。句意:这个女孩过去很腼腆,但现在逐渐地积极参加集体活动,也更乐意表达自己了。考点二-6-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四考点二-7-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四考点二-8-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四合成法就是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。词与词之间有的用连字符“-”连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的分开写。1.合成名词考点二-9-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四考点二-10-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四2.合成形容词 考点二-11-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四考点二-12-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四3.合成副词 考点二-13-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四4.其他合成词 考点二-14-高考感悟考点归纳一三

7、二四转化法就是一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变。考点二-15-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四派生法就是给一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。1.前缀考点二-16-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四考点二-17-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四考点二-18-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四2.后缀 考点二-19-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四考点二-20-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四考点二-21-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四-22-.单句填空1.The (success) fisherman invited the officer to accompany him and observe.successful句意:这位成功的渔夫

8、邀请长官来陪伴观察。分析句子结构可知所填词位于名词前做定语,故用形容词。2.Its not really (surprise) that reading became her vocation.surprising本句中的it指代后面that从句的内容;根据句意用以修饰一件事情,所以使用动词-ing形式转换的形容词surprising “令人惊讶的”做表语。-23-3.Its so (comfort) to be in that condition of self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt.uncomfortable根据空后的self-doubt or

9、 self-criticism and guilt判断前面应填 “不舒服的”,Its后应用形容词做表语,故填uncomfortable。4.It was a little far to her car and it was a (fog) day yesterday in Missouri.foggy此处为形容词做定语,修饰名词day,故用foggy。5.Before we end this program,lets take a (glance) at the sports news briefly.glance句意:在结束这个节目之前,让我们简要浏览一下体育新闻。-24-6.Accordi

10、ng to a UN report,one third of the world population have no (access) to clean drinking water and health care.access句意:根据联合国的一则报告,世界上三分之一的人喝不到干净的饮用水,得不到好的医疗保健。7.I cant tell you how much the precious painting is worth,but it is (rough) assessed at $100 million.roughly句意:我没法告诉你这幅珍贵的画值多少钱,但是它大致可估价1亿美元。r

11、oughly“粗略地”。8.Getting up at noon is part of his routine.He leads a(n) _ (regular) life.irregular从前面的Getting up at noon可知,他的生活不规律,因此用regular的反义词irregular。-25-9.The naughty boy entered the classroom (caution), fearing that his teacher would blame him.cautiously句意:这个顽皮的男孩害怕老师会责备他,小心翼翼地走进教室。cautiously“小

12、心翼翼地”。10.Basketball coaches waste no time in searching for (promise) young players of great potential for better performances in the coming season.promising句意:为了下个赛季有更好的表现,篮球教练员们抓紧时间去寻找有巨大潜力的年轻球员。promising“有前途的,有希望的”。-26-11.When the salesgirl walked into the shop,she sensed something (usual).Can som

13、eone have got in?unusual句意:当女售货员走进商店的时候,她察觉到了异常的情况,可能有人进来过了吗?这里用usual的反义词unusual,表示“不寻常的”。12.His confidence built up (gradual) as he gained more and more experience in teaching.gradually句意:随着教学经验的不断增加,他的信心逐渐增强。gradually“逐渐地,渐渐地”。13.After a long and heated discussion,the final (agree) was arrived at

14、in the end.agreement句意:经过长时间热烈的讨论,终于达成了最后协议。final是形容词,其后要用名词,故用agreement。-27-14.Although she brushed the old pot (thorough),she could not make it completely clean,which made her very upset.thoroughly句意:尽管她把这个旧罐子彻底清洗了,但还是没有把它完全洗干净,这让她很心烦。根据句意可知应用thoroughly,表示“彻底地”,修饰brushed。15.The river(wide) as it f

15、lows.widens句意:这条河越流越宽。句子缺少谓语,因此要用动词。wide的动词形式是widen,又因主语是the river,因此用第三人称单数widens。16.It is (evidence) that he has lost the chance of going abroad to study.evident句意:很明显他失去了出国留学的机会。根据前面的is可知,所填的词是形容词形式,所以用evident。-28-17.Since the (adopt) of the new working method, production has gone up.adoption句意:自

16、从采用新的工作方法以来,产量有所提高。分析句子成分可知,所填的词是名词形式,所以用adoption。18.The weather at the moment is not (type) for July.typical句意:现在的天气并不是七月份特有的。根据is可知,所填的词是形容词。19.Each of us is likely to develop a personal (prefer) for certain types of entertainment.preference句意:我们每个人都可能对某种娱乐产生偏爱。根据前面的a可知,所填的词是名词形式。-29-20.A good sal

17、esperson has to be (aggression) in todays highly competitive market.aggressive句意:在当今竞争激烈的市场上,好的销售员应该有进取精神。分析句子成分可知,所填的词修饰名词,所以用形容词形式。21.It is reported that there are 1.7 million blind and (visual) impaired people in Britain.visually句意:据报道英国有170万失明和视力受损人口。修饰形容词impaired要用副词形式。22.(eventual) he came thr

18、ough with his promise to help as best as he could.Eventually句意:最后,他兑现了他的承诺,尽他所能地提供帮助。分析句子成分可知,所填的词修饰整个句子,所以用副词形式。-30-23.I lay on the beach,closed my eyes and felt the (warm) of the sun on my face.warmth句意:我躺在海滩上,闭上眼睛,感觉到温暖的阳光照在我脸上。根据the可知,所填的词是名词形式。24.As the result of an accident she was suddenly th

19、rown into a world of (dark).darkness句意:由于一场事故,她突然陷入一片黑暗的世界。介词of后要用名词形式。25.I felt (breath) when I got to the top of the mountain after two hours climbing.breathless句意:经过两个小时爬到山顶,我感到气喘吁吁。breathless “气喘吁吁的”,形容词做表语。-31-.短文改错(2018湖北省重点高中联考)During the vacation,I quarrelled with my mother and then we begin

20、 to overlook each other.Anyway,when that was time for me to go back to school,she went up to me with a box of homemade pancake in her hand.Patting me on shoulder,she said gently,“Take this on case you feel hungry on the train.Sweetheart,youre always my good girl.” Still feeling a bit of angry,I refu

21、sed her but quietly turned away.Had nothing to do on the train,I couldnt help thinking about the scene of leaving and felt terrible sorry.What I wish I could have said sorry to her sincerely before I left!-32-33-1.beginbegan根据上下文可知,此处讲述的是过去发生的事情,故用动词的过去式形式。2.thatitit is time for sb.to do sth.“某人该做某事

22、了”,是固定句型。3.pancakepancakes根据前面的a box of可知,pancake要用复数形式。4.shoulder前加thepat sb.on the shoulder “拍拍某人的肩膀”,是习惯用法。5.oninin case意为“万一;以免”,引导条件状语从句。6.去掉ofangry是形容词,直接用a bit修饰。7.butand根据句意可知,前后两个动词是并列关系,故把but改为and。-34-8.HadHavinghave和I有逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式做状语。9.terribleterribly此处修饰形容词sorry,故用副词形式。10.WhatHow此处表示方式,故把What改为How。