大学无机化学总复习题英语(共46页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上. Monochoice questions 1.consider the following reaction: H2(g) + 2ICl(g) =2HCl(g)+I2(g)The rate law for this reaction is first order in both H2 and ICl: Rate=kH2ICl. Which of the following mechanisms are consistent with the observed rate law ? ( )（A）H2(g) + ICl(g) =HI(g)+ HCl (g)(slow

2、) ; HI (g) + ICl(g) = HCl (g)+I2(g) (fast );（B）H2(g) + ICl(g) =HI(g)+ HCl (g) (fast ) ; HI (g) + ICl(g) = HCl (g)+I2(g) (slow );（C）H2(g) + 2ICl(g) =2HCl(g)+I2(g) （D）H2(g) + ICl(g) = HICl (g) + H (g) (slow ) ;H (g) + ICl(g) =HCl(g)+I (g) (fast ); HICl (g)= HCl(g)+I (g) (fast ); I (g)+I (g)= I2(g) (fa

3、st )2. Which of the following is not 4 for the number of significant figures ( )?.（A）3.200 109 （B）pH=2.365 （C）0. （D）26.78% 3. Which substance can use as indicator to show the end point for the titrations: 0.1000 mol/L CH3COOH versus 0.1000 mol/L NaOH.? ( )（A）methyl orange .（B）methyl red.（C）phenolpht

4、halein.（D）chrome black T.4. the pH at the equivalence point for the titrations: 0.1000 mol/L HCl versus 0.1000 mol/L NH3 ( ).pKb = 4.75（A）9.72 （B）5.28 （C）7 （D）4.755. Which of the following statements is true?( ).（A）.knowledge of a rate law is useful in understanding how a reaction takes place at the

5、 molecular level.（B）a plot of concentration versus time for a first-order reaction is linear.（C）the overall order of a reaction equals the largest exponent in the rate law expression.（D）a catalyst increases the reaction rate by increasing the activation energy of the reaction.6.Which of the followin

6、g statements concerning the second main energy level is incorrect? ( )(A) its principal quantum number is 2.(B) it can contain an electron having the quantum number n=2,l=1,m=1,ms=1/2. (C) it has a bilobed (dumbbell) shape. (D) it cannot contain any f orbitals.7. Which of the following sets of quant

7、um numbers is permissible for an orbital ( ). （A）4,-2,0,-1/2 （B）4,4,0,-1/2 （C）3,0,-1,-1/2 （D）1,0,0, 1/2 8. Silicon has the following number of valence electrons ( ).（A）0 （B） 2 （C） 4 （D）69. Look at the following orbital diagrams and electron configuration. Which one is possible according to the Pauli

8、 exclusion principle.( )（A）()( )( )()() （B）()( )( )( )( ) 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p（C）1s22s22p63s23p83d10 （D）1s22s42p6 10. which one is correct for the following in order of increasing atomic radius? ( )（A）Na Be Mg （B）Mg Be Na （C）Be Na Mg （D）BeMgNa11. Consider the following possible orbital diagrams for the

9、 singly charged positive ion, N+. which of the diagrams represents an excited stated of N+(the nitrogen positive ion ) :( )（A）()( )( )( )( ) （B）()( )( )( )( ) 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p（C）()( )( )( )( ) （D）()( )( )( )( ) 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p12、which of the following of a boron atom is not an acceptable set of q

10、uantum number for the highest energy electron in its configuration ( )（A）2,1,-1, 1/2 （B）2,1, 1,-1/2 （C）2,1,0,-1/2 （D）2,0,0,-1/214.There are four water solutions of the equal volume in which there are equal mass of glucose, CaCl2, NaHCO3 and sucrose respectively. Then whose freezing-point is the lowe

11、st? ( )（A）glucose （B）sucrose （C）NaHCO3 （D）CaCl215.The freezing-point of a solution prepared by dissolving 10g nonelectrolyte in 100g pure water is 0.62, then the molecular mass of the nonelectrolyte is ( ) .（Kf=1.86）（A）60 （B）200 （C）300 （D）40016.If you want to have osmosis between two dilute solution

12、s separated by semipermeable membrane, which choice listed below is wrong.（ ）（A）Both of the two osmotic pressure are not equal. （B）Both of the two osmolarity are not equal. （C）Both of the two solutions are not isotonic. （D）Both of the two molality are not equal.17.In 500ml normal saline water, the o

13、smolarity of the Cl- ions is ( ) mOsmolL1. （A）77 （B）196 （C）154 （D）30818.The solubility of Mg(OH)2 is maximum when it was dissolved in ( ). （A）1molL1NH4Cl solution （B）2molL1MgCl2 solution（C）pure water （D）1molL1NaOH solution19.The pH of 0.10molL1NH4Cl solution is about ( ).（Kb=1.810-5）（A）9 （B）7 （C）6 （

14、D）520.The concentration of every solutions listed below is 0.10molL1,the pH of which is greater than 7? ( )（A）NH4Cl （B）NaAc （C）NH4Ac （D）NaCl21.A solution was prepared by mixing equal volume of 0.10molkg1NH4Cl and 0.10molkg1NH3H2O, its ionic strength ( I ) is ( ) molkg1.（A）0.05 （B）0.075 （C）0.10 （D）0.

15、15 22.There is 200ml0.1molL1NH3H2O solution with the addition of the same volume of pure water. Which choice listed below is true? ( )（A）pH decrease, dissociation degree of NH3H2O decrease.（B）pH decrease, dissociation degree of NH3H2O increase.（C）pH increase, dissociation degree of NH3H2O increase.（

16、D）pH increase, dissociation degree of NH3H2O decrease.23.The consumption of 0.1molL1NaOH always is 20ml no matter it react with 20ml HCl or 20ml HAc. Which choice listed below is wrong? ( )（A）The pH of HCl is not equal to the pH of HAc （B）Both the molar concentration of HCl and HAc are same（C）Cl- Ac

17、- （D）The concentrations of H ions in the HCl solution is equal to the concentrations of H ions in the HAc solution.24.A solution is 40.0ml 0.10molL1NH3H2O（pKb4.75）and 30.0ml 0.10molL1HCl. Its pH is ( ).（A）4.75 （B）4.759.25 （C）9.25 （D）greater than 9.2525.A solution was prepared by the equal volume of

18、110-5 molL1HCl and 0.1 molL1NH4Cl. The number of its pH depends on ( ).（A）The concentration of H+ ions derived from HCl.（B）The concentration of H+ ions derived from NH4Cl（C）The concentration of H+ ions derived from HCl and NH4Cl（D）all the choices above are possible.26.Which choice listed below have

19、no influence on the buffer capacity? ( )(A) The concentration of the weak acid.(B) The sum of the concentration of the buffer solution. (C) The ratio of the conjugate base to acid. (D) The pKa of the weak acid.27.The buffer range of a buffer solution in which there are the same concentrations of Na2

20、HPO4 and Na3PO4 is about ( ). (pKa1=2.12; pKa2=7.21 pKa3=12.32)（A）1.123.12 （B）6.218.21 （C）11.3213.32 （D）all the choice above are wrong. 28.In quantitative analysis, which method listed below can not be use to decrease the system error? ( )（A）instrument correction （B）increase the mensuration（C）change

21、 the reagent （D）temperature correction29.Use anhydrous Na2CO3 as a primary standard substance to standardize the concentration of the HCl solution. How about the concentration of the HCl solution standardized when there are a small quantity of basic impurity in Na2CO3? （ ）（A）Its concentration standa

22、rdized will be on the high side （B）Its concentration standardized will be on the low side （C）Its concentration standardized will not be affected （D）the influence on its concentration standardized is uncertain. 30.What is the theoretical range of color change of a weak basic indicator whose Kb is 1.0

23、108 ? （ ）（A）pH 4.006.00 （B）pH 5.007.00（C）pH 6.008.00 （D）pH 7.009.0031.Use 0.1000molL1HCl to titrate a NaHCO3 solution. the volume consumption of 0.1000molL1HCl is V1 when indicator is methyl red and the volume consumption of 0.1000molL1HCl is V2 when indicator is methyl orange. What is the relations

24、hip between V1 and V2? （ ）（A）V1V2 （B）V1V2 （C）V1V2 （D）all the choice are possible 32.The initial concentration of the reactant is 0.5molL1 in a second order reaction. Its half time is 20.0min. Its rate constant is ( ).（A）10 mol1Lmin1 （B）0.1mol1Lmin1 （C）0.1 molL1min1 （D）10 molL1min133.Which choice lis

25、ted below is wrong when we talk about the order of reaction. ( )（A）The order of reaction can be a positive integer.（B）The order of reaction can be a fraction.(C) The order of reaction can be a negative number.(D) The order of reaction only can be ascertained by experiment. 34. The osmotic pressure o

26、f a solution prepared by the equal volume of 8.4%（g/ml）NaHCO3 and 18%（g/ml）glucose (C6H12O6) is equal to the osmotic pressure of ( ).（A）5.85%（g/ml）NaCl solution （B）1.5molL-1sucrose solution （C）1molL-1glucose solution （D）1 molL-1 CaCl2 solution 35. The boiling point of H2O is 100, the boiling point o

27、f a water-soluble salt solution is higher than 100. Which theory listed below can be use to explain this phenomenon.( )（A）ionic bond （B）covalent bond （C）vapor pressure lowering （D）the rate law 36. The colligative properties of dilute solution can be applied to which solution listed below? ( )（A）AgCl

28、 solution （B）I2 solution （C）saturated NaCl solution （D）no answer here37.If the reaction of 2A+B C is a elementary reaction, which choice listed below is true? ( )（A）it is a bimolecular reaction （B）it is a second order reaction （C）it is a second order reaction to A （D）it is a second order reaction to

29、 B 38. pH=7.213, how many the significant figures does it have?( )（A）1 （B） 2 （C）3 （D）439.Which choice listed below is connective with the number of the osmotic pressure?（A）The number of particles of the solute. （B）The molarity of the solute（C）The solubility of the solute （D）All the choices are conne

30、ctive with it.40. The blood pressure is greater than the colloid osmotic pressure in the artery end of the capillary, that will cause ( )（A）the macromolecular substance enter the tissue fluid （B）the micromolecular substance enter the tissue fluid （C）the micromolecular substance enter the blood vesse

31、l （D）the macromolecular substance enter the blood vessel41. The pH of the solution prepared by mixing the equal volume of a solution of pH 2 and a solution of pH 11 is ( ).（A）close to 2 （B）close to 11 （C）equal to 6.5 （D）equal to 4.542. The color of the solution is pink with the addition of phenolpht

32、halein indicator. In order to keep the pH of the solution stable, which buffer system listed below is the best? ( )（A）0.1molL-1 HAc 0.1molL-1 NaAc (Ka = 1.810-5)（B）0.1molL-1 NH3H2O 0.1molL-1 NH4Cl (Kb = 1.810-5)（C）0.1molL-1 NaH2PO4 0.02molL-1 Na2HPO4 (Ka = 6.210-8)（D）0.1molL-1 HCN 0.02molL-1 NaCN (K

33、a = 4.910-10)43.according to the Bronsted definitions, ( ) （A）it is not possible that base is an anion（B）it is not possible that base is a cation （C）base may be a electroneutral substance. （D）in a certain condition, base can change into acid.44. Which of the following should have the highest boiling

34、 point? ( b )a. pure waterb. a 0.2m Ca(OH)2 aqueous solution (此处为水溶液,意味着全溶而不是somewhat more 0.20.6)c. a 0.2m (CH3)2CO aqueous solution0.2d. a 0.1m KBr aqueous solution0.2e. a 0.1m Ba(NO3)2 aqueous solution0.345.which of the following statements is a logical deduction ( d )a. if a nonvolatile solute i

35、s added to water, the boiling point of the solution will be 100.b. the addition of a volatile solute will change the boiling point of the water.c. atmospheric pressure will affect the composition of the aqueous solution.d. if a nonvolatile solute is added to water, the freezing point of the solution

36、 will be lower than that of water.e. if a nonvolatile solute is added to water, the boiling and melting points of the solution will be greater than those of the water by Tb and Tf respectively.46. An 8.0M solution of KCl in water has a density of 1.218g/mL. The density of pure water is 1.000g/mL. Th

37、en the mole fraction of KCl in the solution is( c ).(Mk=39.098, MCl=35.453)a.2.0b.1.0c.0.19d.0.547. the boiling point of a glucose solution consisting of 9.0g glucose dissolved in 100.0g water is( d ). M(glucose)=180g/mol Kb=0.512Kkgmol-1a.401.2b.300.9c.200.6d.100.348. the minimum mass of NaCl that

38、would have to be added to 1.200103 g H2O so the resulting solution would not freeze outside on a cold day(-10) are ( b ) ( Kf =1.86 Kkgmol-1 ,MNaCl=58.5)a.94.3gb. 188.6gc.282.9gd.377.2gSolution: Tf0- Tf =iKfbB m=188.6g49.If you want to have osmosis between two dilute solutions separated by semiperme

39、able membrane, which choice listed below is wrong.（ d ）a.Both of the two osmotic pressure are not equal. b.Both of the two osmolarity are not equal. c.Both of the two solutions are not isotonic. d.Both of the two molality are not equal.50.In 500ml normal saline water, the osmolarity of the Cl- ions

40、is ( c ) mOsmolL1a.77b.196c.154d.30851.The solubility of BaSO4 is maximum when it was dissolved in ( a ). a.1molL1NH4Cl solution b.2molL1BaCl2 solutionc.pure water d.1molL1H2SO4 solution52.The pH of 0.10molL1NH4Cl solution is about ( d ).（Kb=1.810-5）a.9 b.7 c.6 d.553.The concentration of every solut

41、ions listed below is 0.10molL1,the pH of which is greater than 7? ( b )a.NH4Cl b.NaAc c.NH4Ac d.NaCl54.A solution in equilibrium with a precipitate of Pb3(PO4)2 was found on analysis to contain 3.4107 mol of PO43/L and 5.1107mol of Pb2+/L. The solubility product for Pb3(PO4)2.is ( d )a. 5.810-20b. 2

42、.910-28c. 4.410-28d. 1.510-32Solution: Ksp for Pb3(PO4)2= Pb2+3PO432=(5.110-7 molL-1)3(3.410-7 molL-1)2= 1.510-3255.To a solution containing 0.010mol of Ag+, Cl- was added; the final volume was 1L and 7.010-3mol of AgCl precipitated. How much Cl- remained in solution? ( c )Ksp of AgCl is 2.810-10.a.

43、 0.003b. 7.010-3c. 9.310-8d. 2.810-8Solution: Ag+=0.010-7.010-3=0.003 molL-1Cl-= Ksp AgCl/Ag+=2.810-10/0.003=9.310-8 molL-156.A solution was prepared by mixing equal volume of 0.10molkg1NH4Cl and 0.10molkg1NH3H2O, its ionic strength ( I ) is ( c ) molkg1.a.0.05b.0.075c.0.10d.0.15 57.There is 200ml0.

44、1molL1NH3H2O solution with the addition of the same volume of pure water. Which choice listed below is true? ( b )a.pH decrease, dissociation degree of NH3H2O decrease.b.pH decrease, dissociation degree of NH3H2O increase.c.pH increase, dissociation degree of NH3H2O increase.d.pH increase, dissociat

45、ion degree of NH3H2O decrease.58.A solution is 40.0ml 0.10molL1NH3H2O（pKb4.75）and 30.0ml 0.10molL1HCl. Its pH is ( b ).a.4.75 b.4.759.25 c.9.25 d.greater than 9.2559.A solution was prepared by the equal volume of 110-5 molL1HCl and 0.1 molL1NH4Cl. The number of its pH depends on ( a ).a.The concentration of H+ ions derived from HCl.b.The concentration of H+ ions derived from NH4Clc.The concentration