高考英语语法代词讲解(共3页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上考点知识全面总结高频考点知识总结一人称代词、物主代词、反身代词和疑问代词(一)人称代词1当说话者不清楚或不必要知道说话对象的性别时,可以用it来表示。如:Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?这孩子真可爱。是男孩还是女孩?2. 人称代词有时也可用作名词。如:Its not a she; its a he.那不是女孩是个男孩。3. 人称代词单独使用时,一般不用主格而用宾格。如:-Glad to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。-Me, too. 我也是。4. 代词they(不分性别)代表一提到过的一些人或物,在口语中还可以
2、代替he or she。此外,they还可泛指一般人。如:The Browns phoned. Theyre coming round this evening.布朗夫妇打电话了。他们今天晚上到。If anyone arrives late, theyll have to wait outside.谁要是迟到,谁就得在外面等着。(代替he or she)They say were going to have a hot summer.据说今年夏天将会很热。(泛指一般人)(二)物主代词物主代词即人称代词的所有个形式,它可分为形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, ou
3、r, theirs)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs)1. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能作名词或动名词的定语。如:This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。(作名词的定语) Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我开窗户吗?(作动名词的定语或被称为动名词的逻辑主语)2. 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独做主语、宾语、表语;此外,名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用,构成双重所有格,即:a/ an/ this/ these/ those/
4、some/ any/ several/ no/ each/ every/ such/ another/ which+名词+of+名词性物主代词。如:This is her coat. Mine is over there.这是她的大衣,我的(大衣)在那。Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.我的一些朋友将参加我的生日聚会。 (三)反身代词1. 反身代词的基本用法 动宾:Tom taught himself Chinese.作宾语介宾:The boy is old enough to take dare of himself.反身代
5、词作表语:She is not quite herself today.做同位语:I myself can repair the bike.3. 含有反身代词的惯用语与介词连用Youll have to see if he has gone to the school for yourself. (亲自)The computer can shut off of itself.(=naturally自动地)Jim is not bad in himself, but he is a little shy.(本身,本质)One would rather have a bedroom to ones
6、elf.(=for ones own private use; not to be shared独自享用)He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.(=almost mad with anger/ excitement, etc. 由于气愤/ 激动等而发狂、忘形)(四)疑问代词1. what, who的区别 一般来说,what问职业、地位;who问的是姓名或身份。如:Who is that man? He is her husband.What is the man over there? He is
7、 a doctor.2. which, what的区别 which是在一直范围内进行选择,后面可跟of短语;what是在未知范围内进行选择,后面不可跟of短语。如:Which ( of the animals) is bigger, an elephant or a horse?(有范围)What do you want to read?(无范围)3. whatever, whichever, whoever等的用法whatever, whichever, whoever分别问what, which, who的强调形式,相当于what/ which/ who on earth,意为:到底(究竟
8、)什么/ 哪一个/谁。如:Whatever do you want? 你到底想要什么?Whoever gave you the book? 究竟是谁给你的书?4. what的习惯用法the population? 人口是多少?the distance? 距离是多远?the price (of the book)? (书的) 价格是多少?What is your address? 你住在哪里?your attitude? 你的态度怎样?the height/ weight/ the depth/ length/ width/ size?高度/重量/深度/长度/宽度/大小是多少?二、不定代词(一)
9、both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone如:When shall we meet again?Make it any day you like: its all the same to me咱们什么时候再见面?你喜欢哪天就哪天,对我来说,哪天都无所谓Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?Im afraid neither day is possible.周一和周二你哪天能来?恐怕(这两天)哪天都不行。Do you want tea or cof
10、fee? 你要茶还是要咖啡?Either. I really dont mind. (这两种)哪个都行,我都不介意。(二)none, nothing, nobody( no one)的区别1.none即可指人,也可指物,且表特指概念,常回答how many, how much引导的疑问句;nobody(no one)只能指人,且表示泛指概念,常回答who引导的疑问句;nothing只能指物,且表泛指概念,常回答what引导的疑问句。如:How much money do you have?你有多少钱?None. 一点也没有。What are you doing now? 你在做什么?Nothi
11、ng. 什么也没做。2. none 常与前面的some/ any/ every+名词连用;nothing往往与前面的something/ anything/ everything连用;no one往往与前面的somebody(one) / anybody(one) / everybody(one)连用。如: If I had some money, I would lend him some, but unfortunately, I have none. 如果我有钱的话,我就借给他一些,但不幸的是,我没钱。3. none后面可跟of短语,而something/ anything/ every
12、thing/ nothing和 someone/anyone/everyone/no one却不能。如:As we were asleep , none of us heard the sound.由于我们在睡觉,因此没人听到那声音。None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.他们当中没人知道那项计划,因为那还是秘密。(三)any, every的区别 Any+名词表示“(三个或三个以上中)任何”,即:这个或那个或那个;every+名词表示“(三个或三个以上中的)每一个”,即:这个和那个和那个。not any表全部否
13、定,而not every+名词表部分否定。如: I have many books here, and you can take any one. 我这里有很多书,你可以拿任何一本。 Every student has to take the examination. (= All the students have to take the examination.) 每个学生都必须参加考试。(四)each, every的区别each强调“个体”,可作代词和形容词,指“两个或两个以上中的每一个”;every强调“全体”,只能作定语,指“三个或三个以上中的每一个”。Each作同位语时,不影响谓语
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