（精品）英语托福考试阅读试题.docx

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1、英语托福考试阅读试题Question18BoththenumberandthepercentageofpeopleintheUnitedStatesinvolvedinnonagriculturalpursuitsexpandedrapidlyduringthehalfcenturyfollowingtheCivilWar，withsomeofthemostdramaticincreasesoccurringinthedomainsoftransportation，manufacturing，andtradeanddistribution。Thedevelopmentoftherailroad

2、andtelegraphsystemsduringthemiddlethirdofthenineteenthcenturyledtosignificantimprovementsinthespeed，volume，andregularityofshipmentsandcommunications，makingpossibleafundamentaltransformationintheproductionanddistributionofgoods。Inagriculture，thetransformationwasmarkedbytheemergenceofthegrainelevators

3、，thecottonpresses，thewarehouses，andthecommodityexchangesthatseemedtosomanyofthenationsfarmersthevisiblesignofavastconspiracyagainstthem。Inmanufacturing，thetransformationwasmarkedbytheemergenceofanewfactorysysteminwhichplantsbecamelarger，morecomplex，andmoresystematicallyorganizedandmanaged。Andindistr

4、ibution，thetransformationwasmarkedbytheemergenceofthejobber，thewholesaler，andthemassretailer。Thesechangesradicallyalteredthenatureofworkduringthehalfcenturybetween1870and1920。Tobesure，therewerestillsmallworkshops，whereskilledcraftspeoplemanufacturedproductsrangingfromnewspaperstocabinetstoplumbingfi

5、xtures。Therewerethesweatshopsincitytenements，wheregroupsofmenandwomeninhouseholdsettingsmanufacturedclothingorcigarsonapieceworkbasis。Andtherewerefactoriesinoccupationssuchasmetalworkwhereindividualcontractorspresidedoverwhatwereessentiallyhandicraftproprietorshipsthatcoexistedwithinasinglebuildings

6、。Butasthenumberofwageearnersinmanufacturingrosefrom2。7millionin1880to4。5millionin1900to8。4millionin1920，thenumberofhugeplantsliketheBaldwinLocomotiveWorksinPhiladelphiaburgeoned，asdidthesizeoftheaverageplant。TheBaldwinWorkshad600employeesin1855，3，000in1875，and8，000in1900。By1920，atleastinthenortheast

7、ernUnitedStateswheremostofthenationsmanufacturingwageearnerswereconcentrated，threequartersofthoseworkedinfactorieswithmorethan100employeesand30percentworkedinfactorieswithmorethan1，000employees。1。Theworddomainsinline3isclosestinmeaningtoAfieldsBlocationsCorganizationsDoccupations2。Whatcanbeinferredf

8、romthepassageabouttheagriculturalsectoroftheeconomyaftertheCivilWar？ANewtechnologicaldevelopmentshadlittleeffectonfarmers。BThepercentageofthetotalpopulationworkinginagriculturedeclined。CManyfarmsdestroyedinthewarwererebuiltafterthewar。DFarmersachievednewprosperitybecauseofbetterruraltransportation。3。Thewordfundamentalinline7isclosestinmeaningtoApossibleBbasicCgradualDunique【英语托福考试阅读试题】