2016考研英语(二)真题及参考答案 .docx

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1、2016考研英语(二)真题及参考答案Directions：Readthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDontheANSWERSHEET。（10points）Happypeopleworkdifferently。Theyremoreproductive，morecreative，andwillingtotakegreaterrisks。Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence1firmswork，too。Companieslocat

2、edinplacewithhappierpeopleinvestmore，accordingtoarecentresearchpaper。2，firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonRD（researchanddevelopment）。Thatsbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentforthefuture。Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappiness

3、would5thewaycompaniesinvested。SotheycomparedU.S。citiesaveragehappiness6byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas。7enough，firmsinvestmentandRDintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere8。Butitisreallyhappinessthatslinkedtoinvestment，orcouldsomething

4、elseabouthappiercities9whyfirmstherespendmoreonRD？Tofindout，theresearchescontrolledforvarious10thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvestlikesize，industry，andsales-and-andforindicatorsthataplacewas11tolivein，likegrowthinwagesorpopulation。Theylinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally12evenafteraccountingf

5、orthesethings。Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms，whichtheauthors13tolessconfineddecisionmakingprocessandthepossiblepresenceofyoungerandless14managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment。Therelationshipwas15strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore1

6、6。Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaces。17thisdoesntprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview，theauthorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility。Itsnothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp19howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture。Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforwa

7、rdthinkingandcreativeand20RDmorethantheaverage，saidoneresearcher。1。AwhyBwhereChowDwhen2。AInreturnBInparticularCIncontrastDInconclusion3。AsufficientBfamousCperfectDnecessary4。AindividualismBmodernismCoptimismDrealism5。AechoBmissCspoilDchange6。AimaginedBmeasuredCinventedDassumed7。AsureBoddCunfortunate

8、Doften8。AadvertisedBdividedCovertaxedDheadquartered9。AexplainBoverstateCsummarizeDemphasize10。AstagesBfactorsClevelsDmethods11。AdesirableBsociableCreputableDreliable12。AresumedBheldCemergedDbroke13。AattributeBassignCtransferDcompare14。AseriousBcivilizedCambitiousDexperienced15。AthusBinsteadCalsoDnev

9、er16。ArapidlyBregularlyCdirectlyDequally17。AAfterBUntilCWhileDSince18。AarrivesBjumpsChintsDstrikes19。AshapeBrediscoverCsimplifyDshare20。AprayforBleantowardsCgiveawayDsendactSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts。AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD。Markyo

10、uranswersontheANSWERSHEET。（40points）Text1Itstruethathigh-schoolcodingclassesarentessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege。Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses，saidTomCortina，theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellonsSchoolofComputerScience。However，Cortinasaid，earlyexposureisben

11、eficial。Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience，theylearnthatitsnotjustaconfusing，endlessstringoflettersandnumbersbutatooltobuildapps，orcreateartwork，ortesthypotheses。Itsnotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents。Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethem

12、becomesnormal。Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap，Cortinasaid。Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege，whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim，whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-dete

13、rminedstudentsaway。TheFlatironSchool，wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming，startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthatsbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange。Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum，butwetrytogearlessonstowardthingstheyreinterestedin，saidVictoriaFriedman，aninstructor。Forinstance，oneofth

14、eappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood。ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywontdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook。Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover，sotheRubyonRailslanguagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket。Buttheskillstheylearnhowtothinkl

15、ogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresultsapplytoanycodinglanguage，saidDeborahSeehorn，aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina。Indeed，theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall。Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses。Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers-intheirpock

16、ets，intheiroffices，intheirhomesfortherestoftheirlives，Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink，howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywanttheearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothatthebetter。21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto_A。completefuturejobtrainingB。remodelthewayo

17、fthinkingC。formulatelogicalhypothesesD。perfectartworkproduction22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers，Flatironhasconsideredtheir_A。experienceB。interestC。careerprospectsD。academicbackgrounds23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill_A。helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguagesB。havetob

18、eupgradedwhennewtechnologiescomeC。needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobsD。enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney24.Accordingtothelastparagraph，Flatironstudentsareexpectedto_A。bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologiesB。staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustryC。becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworldD。

19、competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers25.Thewordcoax（Line4，Para.6）isclosestinmeaningto_A。persuadeB。frightenC。misguideD。challengeText2Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens-akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslandsoncelentredtotheoftengreylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedS

20、tates。Butjustsome22，000birdsremaintoday，occupyingabout16%ofthespecieshistoricrange。ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.S。FishandWildlifeService（USFWS）decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened。Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation，saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe。Someenvironmentalists，however，weredisappoi

21、nted。Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdasendangered，astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats。ButAsheandothersarguedthatthethreatenedtaggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew，potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationsapproaches。Inparticular，theycalledf

22、orforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments，whichareoftenuneasywithfederalaction。andwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechickenshabitat。Undertheplan，forexample，theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill，harm，ordisturbthebird，aslo

23、ngastheyhadsignedarangewidemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat。NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates，theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat。Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhos

24、etasidehabitat，USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67，000birdsoverthenext10years。AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies（WAFWA），acoalitionofstateagencies，thejobofmonitoringprogress。Overall，theideaistoletstatesremaininthedriversseatformanag

25、ingthespecies，Ashesaid。Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric。SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan，andatleastadozenindustrygroups，fourstates，andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt。Notsurprisingly，doesntgofarenough。Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothes

26、ameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction，saysbiologistJayLininger。26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis_。 Aitsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation Btheunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage Cadesperateappealfromsomebiologists Dtheinsistenceofprivatelandowners27.Thethreatenedtagdisappointe

27、dsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit_。 Awasagive-intogovernmentalpressure Bwouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction Cgrantedlessfederalregulatorypower Dwentagainstconservationpolicies28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedifthey_。 Aagreetopayasumforcompensation Bvolunteertos

28、etupanequallybighabitat CoffertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob DpromisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations29.AccordingtoAshe，theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesin_。 Athefederalgovernment Bthewildlifeagencies Cthelandowners Dthestates30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport_。 Aindustrygroups Bthewin-winrhetoric

29、Cenvironmentalgroups DtheplanunderchallengeText3Thateveryonestoobusythesedaysisaclich。Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully：Theresneveranytimetoread。Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdontseemsufficient。Thewebsfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread：Gi

30、veupTVorCarryabookwithyouatalltimes。Butinmyexperience，usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesntwork。Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning-orelseyouresoexhaustedthatachallengingbooksthelastthingyouneed。Themodernmind，TimParks，anovelistandcritic，writes，isoverwhelminglyincli

31、nedtowardcommunicationItisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted；itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption。Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime，butaspecialkindoftimewhichcantbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient。Infact，becomingmoreefficientispartoftheproblem。Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximisedmeansyouapproa

32、chitinstrumentally，judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal。Immersivereading，bycontrast，dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency，goallessness，eventime-wasting。Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyoullmanageonlygoal-focusedreading-useful，sometimes，butnotthemostfulfilling

33、kind。Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt，writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime，andwefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles（days，hours，minutes）astheypass，foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled，wewillhavewastedthem。Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfin

34、abook。Sowhatdoeswork？Perhapssurprisingly，schedulingregulartimesforreading。Youdthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set，butinfact，Eberlenotes，suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsusstepoutsidetimesflowintosoultime。Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks，oronsingle-purposee-readers。Carryabookwithyo

35、uatalltimescanactuallywork，too-providingyoudipinoftenenough，sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness，beforedroppingbackdown。Onareallygoodday，itnolongerfeelsasifyouremakingtimetoread，butjustreading，andmakingtimeforeverythingelse。31。Theusualtime-managementt

36、echniquesdontworkbecause。 Awhattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind Bwhatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading Cwhatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem Dwhatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed32。Theemptybottlesmetaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto。 Aupdatetheirto-dolists Bmakepassi

37、ngtimefulfilling Ccarrytheirplansthrough Dpursuecarefreereading33。Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps。 Aencouragetheefficiencymind-set Bdeveloponlinereadinghabits Cpromoteritualisticreading Dachieveimmersivereading34。Carryabookwithyouatalltimescanworkif。 Areadingbecomesyourprim

38、arybusinessoftheday Ballthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith Cyouareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading Dtimecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness35。Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe。 AHowtoEnjoyEasyReading BHowtoFindTimetoRead CHowtoSetReadingGoals DHowtoReadExtensivelyText4Againstabackdropofdras

39、ticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure，youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess，alatestpollhasfound。Acrossgenerationallines，Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasuccessfullife，includinggettingmarried，havingchildren，owningahome，andretiringintheirsixties。Bu

40、twhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife，theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit。Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork，tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs

41、，tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife，toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren，andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome，thesurveyfound。Fromcareertocommunityandfamily，thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermatho

42、fthesearingGreatRecession，thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife，fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics。Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint：Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderfo

43、ryoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations。Whlieyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday，bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethosejustgettingstartedinlifefaceatougheragood-payingjob，startingafamily，managingdebt，andfindingafford

44、ablehousing。PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday。Schneider，a27-yaear-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege。Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily，hesaid。Icantaffordtopaymamonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown，soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomarkthathappen。Lo

45、okingback，heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung。Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidnthavecollegedegrees，Schneidersaid。Idontthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore。36。Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullif

46、eis。 Atryingoutdifferentlifestyles Bhavingafamilywithchildren Cworkingbeyondretirementage Dsettingupaprofitablebusiness37。ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto。 Afavoraslowerlifepace Bholdanoccupationlonger Cattachimportancetopre-maritalfinance Dgiveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome38。Th

47、eprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill。 Abecomeincreasinglyclear Bfocusonmaterialisticissues Cdependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences DreachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife39。Bothyoungandoldagreethat。 Agood-payingjobsarelessavailable Btheoldmademorelifeachievements Chousingloanstodayareeasytoobtain Dgettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung40。WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider？ AHefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege BHisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforsuccess CHisparentsgoodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree DHethinkshisjobasat