2017考研英语一真题试卷及答案（文字完整版） .docx

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1、2017考研英语一真题试卷及答案（文字完整版）2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题+【答案】SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesoundingyes!1helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnso

2、utthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy5over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6theparticipantssusceptibilityt

3、odevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadle

4、sssevere12.Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthatsusually14withstress,notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Huggingisamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16difficulty.Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtotherel

5、easeofoxytocin,oftencalledthebondinghormone18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.1.AUnlikeBBeside

6、sCDespiteDThroughout【答案】BBesides2.AconnectedBrestrictedCequalDinferior【答案】Aconnected3.AchoiceBviewClessonDhost【答案】Dhost4.ArecallBforgetCavoidDkeep【答案】Cavoid5.AcollectingBinvolvingCguidingDaffecting【答案】Binvolving6.AofBinCatDon【答案】Don7.AdevotedBexposedClostDattracted【答案】Bexposed8.AacrossBalongCdownDou

7、t【答案】Cdown9.AcalculatedBdeniedCdoubtedDimagined【答案】Acalculated10.AservedBrequiredCrestoredDexplained【答案】Dexplained11.AEvenBStillCRatherDThus【答案】AEven12.AdefeatsBsymptomsCtestsDerrors【答案】Bsymptoms13.AminimizedBhighlightedCcontrolledDincreased【答案】Dincreased14.AequippedBassociatedCpresentedDcompared【答案

8、】Bassociated15.AassessBmoderateCgenerateDrecord【答案】Cgenerate16.AinthefaceofBintheformofCinthewayofDinthenameof【答案】Ainthefaceof17.AtransferBcommitCattributeDreturn【答案】Cattribute18.AbecauseBunlessCthoughDuntil【答案】Abecause19.AemergesBvanishesCremainsDdecreases【答案】Cremains20.AexperiencesBcombinesCjustif

9、iesDinfluences【答案】DinfluencesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomestic

10、flight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofai

11、rtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericanseconomicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons-bothfak

12、eandreal-pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingChicagosOHareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatetheste

13、epincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtaketh

14、atwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetotha

15、t,andonebigreasonisstickershock.Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreChecksfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsin

16、otherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.21.thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto Astresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide. BhighlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorUSai

17、rports. CexplainAmericanstoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks. Demphasistheimportanceofprivacyprotection.【答案】CexplainAmericanstoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.22.whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorairport? ANewrestrictionsoncarry-onbags. BThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA. CAnincreaseinthenu

18、mberoftravelers. DFrequentunexpectedsecretchecks.【答案】CAnincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.23.Thewordexpedited(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto Afaster. Bquieter. Cwider. Dcheaper.【答案】Afaster.24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis AAdramaticreductionofitsscale. BItswrongly-directedimplementation. CThego

19、vernmentsreluctancetobackit. DAnunreasonablepriceforenrollment.【答案】DAnunreasonablepriceforenrollment.25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext? ALessScreeningforMoreSafety BPreCheck-aBelatedSolution CGettingStuckinSecurityLines DUnderusedPreCheckLanes【答案】BPreCheck-aBelatedSolutionText2Thea

20、ncientHawaiianswereastronomers,wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaiislastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutio

21、nizehumanitysviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMTsplannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworldsmostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKeaspeakrisesabovethebulkofourplanetsdenseatmos

22、phere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentc

23、ontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceistheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKeasfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislandsinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingaren

24、aissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaiisshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereign

25、oretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsi

26、tewaschosentominimizethetelescopesvisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheircultural

27、heritageandtostudythestars.26.QueenLiliuokalanisremarkinParagraph1indicates Aitsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy. BtheimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety. Ctheregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes. Dherappreciationofstarwatchersfeatsinhertime.【答案】Btheimportanceofastrono

28、myinancientHawaiiansociety.27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto Aitsgeographicalfeatures Bitsprotectivesurroundings. Citsreligiousimplications. Ditsexistinginfrastructure.【答案】Aitsgeographicalfeatures28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause Aitmayriskruiningtheirintel

29、lectuallife. Bitremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory. Ctheirculturewillloseachanceofrevival. DtheyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.【答案】Bitremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintodaysastronomy AisfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians. BhelpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosst

30、heworld. CmayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture. DwilleventuallysoftenHawaiianshostility.【答案】CmayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.30.TheauthorsattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof Aseverecriticism. Bpassiveacceptance. Cslighthesitancy. Dfullapproval.【答案】Dfullapproval.Text3RobertF.Kenned

31、yoncesaidthatacountrysGDPmeasureseverythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisafl

32、awedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUKsGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountryseconom

33、icprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40different

34、setsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareas

35、suchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisntthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemea

36、sureofacountryssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson

37、ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.31.Robert

38、F.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe ApraisedtheUKforitsGDP. BidentifiedGDPwithhappiness. CmisinterpretedtheroleofGDP. DhadalowopinionofGDP.【答案】DhadalowopinionofGDP32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that AtheUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern. BGDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK. CtheUKwillcontrib

39、utelesstotheworldeconomy. DpolicymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.【答案】BGDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy? AItissponsoredby163countries. BItexcludesGDPasanindicator. CItscriteriaarequestionable. DItsresultsareenlightening.【答案】D

40、Itsresultsareenlightening.34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat AtheUKispreparingforaneconomicboom. BhighGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline. CitisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP. Ditrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.【答案】CitisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.35.Whichofthefollowingis

41、thebesttitleforthetext? AHighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson BGDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth CRebortF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP DBrexit,theUKsGatewaytoWell-being【答案】AHighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLessonText4Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictio

42、nofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.ThehighcourtsdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnellstrialfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathisofficial

43、acts,ortheformergovernorsdecisionsonspecificandunsettledissuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsisdistastefulandnasty.But

44、underanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotanofficialact.Thecourtsrulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithburea

45、ucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery.Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts

46、,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rules

47、onlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleaderssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety-thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourtsrulingisastepforwardinthest