2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案 .docx

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1、2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)InCambodiathechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,thoseoftheyoungwomen,butalsoamatchmaker.Ayoungmancan2alikelyspouseon

2、hisownandthemaskhisparentsto3themarriagenegotiations.ortheyoungmansparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.4,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.5aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying 6 agoodfamily.Thetradit

3、ionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays7 bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand8prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting, 9 cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebridesandgroomswrists,and10acandlearoun

4、dacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe11.Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewifesparentsandmay12withthemuptoayear,13theycanbuildaflewhousenearby.Divorceislegalandeasyto14,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare15withsome disapproval.Eachspouseretains16propertyheorshe17intothemarriage,and

5、jointlyacquiredpropertyis18equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice19up.Thedivorcedmaledoesnthaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry20thewomanmustwaitthemonths.参考答案：BDCACACCDBDDBACDBACA1.Abywayof Baswellas Conbehalfof Dwithregardto2.Aadaptto Bprovidefor Ccompetewit

6、h Ddecideon3.Aclose Brenew Carrange Dpostpone4.AIntheory BAboveall CIntime DForexample5.AAlthough BLest CAfter DUnless6.Ainto Bwithin Cfrom Dthrough7.Asine Bor Cbut Dso8.Atest Bcopy Crecite Dcreate9.Afoldi

7、ng Bpiling Cwrapping Dtying10.Alighting Bpassing Chiding Dserving11.Ameeting Bassociation Ccollection Dunion12.Agrow Bpart Cdeal Dlive13.Awhereas Buntil Cfor Dif14.Aobtain Bfollow Cchallenge Davoid15.Aisolated&

8、nbsp;Bpersuaded Cviewed Dexposed16.Awherever Bhowever Cwhenever Dwhatever17.Achanged Bbrought Cshaped Dpushed18.Adivided Binvested Cdonated Dwithdrawn19.Aclears Bwarms Cshows Dbreaks20.Awhile Bsowhat Conce DinthatSe

9、ctionII ReadingComprehension 参考答案：ADBCAADCDDACDBADABCDBGDEFPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostana

10、bsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwoman.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthatinciteexcessivethinnessbypromotingextremedieting.Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshoul

11、dnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupwithimpingingonhealth.Thatsastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarringthemselvestohealthassomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmovetakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtapemeasuretheymust

12、useto determinetheirindividualworth.Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowoman(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbeorbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosinezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.TheFr

13、enchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymesscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonma

14、terialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardformodelsandfashionimagesthererelymoreonpearpressureforenforcement.IncontrasttoFrancesactions,Denmarksfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingage,health,andotherchar

15、acteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalcharterclearlystates,weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.ThechartersmaintollofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagen.Fashionweek,whichismenbytheDani

16、shFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-andshamemethodofcompliance.Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappen

17、inFrance? APhysicalbeautywouldberedefined BNewrunwayswouldbeconstructed CWebsitesaboutdietingwouldthrive DThefashionindustrywoulddecline22.Thephraseimpingingon(Line2Para2)isclosestinmeaningto Aheighteningthevalueof Bindicatingthestateof Closingfaithin Ddoingharmto23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefas

18、hionindustry ATheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed BNewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark CModelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure DItsinherentproblemsaregettingworse24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor Asettingperfectphysicalconditions Bcaringtoomuchaboutmodelscharacter Cshowinglittleconcernforhealthfa

19、ctors Dpursuingahighagethresholdformodels25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext? AAchallengetotheFashionIndustrysBodyIdeals BADilemmaforthestarvingmodelsinFrance CJustAnotherRoundofstruggleforbeauty DTheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustryText2Forthefirsttimeinthehistorymorepeopleliveintownsth

20、aninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsratethecountrysidealongsidetheroyalfamily.ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakethemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosa

21、vethebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever.Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperiencearefreshingair.Hillspressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydontmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship

22、.Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservativesplanningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorizingoffplanbuildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodisc

23、ontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilentonlyu sensingitschance,hassideswiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItscampaigntoprotectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties. Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhousesfactoriesa

24、ndofficesiswherepeopleareincitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroyedrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousesintheLandonareaalonewithnointrusionongreenbelts.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.Theideathathousingcrisisequalsconcretedmeadowsispurelobb

25、ytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthemunderlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwh

26、erebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?Developmentshouldbeplanned,notlettrip,AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEuropesmostcrowedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenableittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglo

27、w-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative-thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.26.Britainspublicsentimentaboutthecountryside Aisnotwellreflectedinpolitics Bisfullybackedbytheroyalfamily Cdi

28、dntstartfilltheShakespeareanage DhasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS27.Accordingtoparagraph2，theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing Alargelyovershadowed Bproperlyprotected Ceffectivelyreinforced Dgraduallydestroyed28.Whichofthefollowingcanbeofferedfromparagraph3 ALabourisunderattackforopposingdevelo

29、pment BTheConservativesmayabandonoff-planbuilding CUkipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation DTheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence29.TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsbornesspreference Ashowshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralarea Bstressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis Chighlightshisfirm

30、standagainstlobbypressure Drevealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas30.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorshowhisappreciationof AthesizeofpopulationinBritain BtheenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain Cthetown-and-countryplanninginBritain DthepoliticallifeintodaysBritainText3Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibility

31、ofbusinesswroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelPrize-winningeconomistThatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits.ButevenifyouacceptFriedmanspremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholderssmoney,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-act.Newresearchsuggestst

32、hatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompaniesatleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasasignalthatacompan

33、ysproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompanysproductsasanindirectmaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffusehaloeffectwherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecausecon

34、sumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.ArecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmericansForeignCorruptPracticesAct（FCPA）.Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompanysproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations，theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.Thestudyfoundthat，amongprosecuted

35、firms，thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirmspoliticalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.Inall,thestudyconcludesthatw

36、hereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompanysrecordinCSR.Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabour,orincreasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeig

37、nofficials.saysoneresearcher.ResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionathowmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheycompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostlypu

38、nishment.31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedmansstatementaboutCSRwith Auncertainty Bskepticism Capproval Dtolerance32.AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby Aguardingitagainstmalpractices Bprotectingitfromconsumers Cwinningtrustfromconsumers. Draisingthequalityofitsproducts33.Theexpressionmorelenient(lin

39、e2,Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto Alesscontroversial Bmorelasting Cmoreeffective Dlesssevere34.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompanysCSRrecord Acomesacrossasreliableevidence Bhasanimpactontheirdecision Cincreasesthechanceofbeingpenalized Dconstitutespartoftheinvestigation35.WhichofthefollowingistrueofC

40、SRaccordingtothelastparagraph? AThenecessaryamountofcompaniesspendingonitisunknown BCompaniesfinancialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated CItsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked DIthasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustryText4TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstor

41、iesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.Sometimeinthefuture,thepaperspublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,theresplentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaperprintingpresses,deliverytrucksisntjustexpensive;itsexcessi

42、veatatimewhenonlineonlycompetitorsdonthavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbeamistake,

43、saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimesshouldntwastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem,hesaid,butifyoudiscontinueit,youregoinghaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.Sometimesthatsworthma

44、kingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming.Itwasseenasblunder,hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?Iwouldntpickayeartoendprint,hesaidIwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.Themostloyalcustomer

45、swouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andtheydfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein.Soifyoureoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,Perettisaid.Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.Inotherwords,ifyouregoingtomak

46、eaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayearmorethantwiceasmuchasadigitalonlysubscription.ItsareallyhardthingtodoanditsatremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesnthavealegacybusiness,Perettiremarked.

47、Butweregoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingsweredoingthatdontmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituations,itsbettertobemoreaggressivethatlessaggressive.36.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto Atheincreasingonlineandsales Bthepressurefromitsinvesto

48、rs Cthecomplaintsfromitsreaders Dthehighcostofoperation37.Perettisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould Amakestrategicadjustments Bendtheprintseditionforgood Cseeknewsourcesofleadership Daimforefficientmanagement38.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thatalegacyproduct Ahelpsrestoretheglo