高中英语语法知识之It的用法总结.doc

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1、高中英语语法知识之It的用法总结高中英语语法知识之It的用法总结高考英语语法知识之It的用法总结1Itis+被强调部分+that.该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.2Itwasnotuntil+被强调部分+that.该句型也是强调句型。

2、主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是not.until.的强调形式。ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.3Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain.)that.该句型中it是形式主语

3、，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）是主语从句最常见的一种结构。Itisveryclearthathesroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathesroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.4.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural.)that.由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe

4、(should)rememberthesewords.5.Itissaid(reported,learned.)that.该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句。该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.6.Itissuggested(ordered.)that.主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省。常译为据建议；有命令Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itwasorderedtha

5、twe(should)arrivethereintwohours.7.Itisapity(ashame.)that.该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.Itisapitythatheisill.8.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that.该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是常用过去时态表示虚拟有时也用should+动词原形，should不能省。常译为

6、是（正是）的时侯。Itistimethatchildrenshouldgotobed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.9.Itisthefirst(second.)timethat.该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换常译为这是某人第几次做某事了。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeen

7、here.10Itisthe+形容词最高级+名词+that+.该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换常译为这是某人做过的最的事情。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thatwastheworstsongthathehadheard.11.Itis.since.该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时

8、态是现在时或完成时，since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。Itis(hasbeen)5yearssincehisfatherdied.12.Itis.when.该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为当的时候，是。Itwas5oclockwhenhecamehere.比较：Therewasatimewhen+定语从句（曾经一度.；有一个时期）TherewasatimewhenIraqwasoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.Therewasati

9、mewhenIwasdisappointedandwantedtoleavehere.13.Itbe.before.该句型主句中的it指时间,主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long,notlong,3days,2weeks等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为之后。Itwas3daysbeforehewenttoBeijing.Itwillbenotlongbeforehefinisheshisjob.14.Ithappens(seems,looks,appears)that.该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen,seem等词是不及物动词I

10、thappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来15.Itlooks(seems)asif.该句型中it无意义。asif引导一个状语从句。常译为，看起来好象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气Itlooksasifheisill.Itlooksasifhewereill.Itseemedasifheweredying.16.Ittakes/costssb.todosth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为做要花费某人。Itto

11、okthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.注意：当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用it作形式主语代替动词不定式。Toseeistobelieve.Torespectothersistoberespected.17.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good（好心的）,honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest

12、,naughty,nice（有教养的）,polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong（错误的）等。这个句型可以改写为：sb.iskindtodosth.Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.18.Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：important,necessary,naturaleasy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous

13、,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant等。在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty19.Itisnogood/use/fundoingsth.Itisagreatpleasure/awasteoftime/aboredoingsth.Itisuseless/nice/gooddoingsth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词或动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是名词或形容词。ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwi

14、thoutspeakingEnglish.Itisuselesscryingoverspiltmilk.20.Itdoesntmatterwhether(if).该句型中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。Itdoesntmatteriftheyareold.21.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构。6：指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel(另外表示人的心理状态的动词还有：like,

15、love,hate,appreciate,dontmind,dependon等)1：指的是形式宾语it；2：指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3：指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.Ida

16、ppreciateitifyouwouldhelpme.Ilikeitwhenitrainsinspring.扩展阅读：高中英语语法知识复习-It的用法讲解及练习60多题It的用法It的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点，尤其是it用于强调句。其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行，偶尔也出现在“短文改错”和“完形填空”中。1ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_IbegantoappreciatetheirbeautyAuntilBthatCthenDso正确答案：B此题考查强调句，所以用that。2Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmo

17、uthsfullAitBthatCtheseDthem正确答案：A此题考查it作形式宾语的用法，所以选A。3(短文改错)DavidandIdidnotagreeandDavidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtitwouldprobablyleadtoavillage正确答案：去掉it，因为定语从句中已有宾语which。一、要点点拔1代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。1)Whoisthebaby?Itsmyteachersson2)Whoisthatgentleman?ItsmyfriendTomHe(不可用It)wantstosee

18、you2用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。例如：1)Itshalfanhourswalkfromheretoourschool2)Itsniceandwarmhere3)Butitstwooclocknow,anditstimeforustogotoschool3用作形式主语.it没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子后尾，使句子显得平稳一些，能借it给移至句子后尾的主语有三种：一种由不定式表示，一种由动名词表示，一种由从句表示。1).It替代真正的主语动词不定式短语.Itiseasiertosaythantodo.Itisagoodacttohelptheothers.2).it

19、替代真正的主语动名词短语,以动名词短语做主语的句子，主要在以nogood,nouse,noharm,dangerous,foolish等词作表语的句中.Itsnoharmdrinkingrunningwaterinthatarea。Itsfoolishtalkinglikethat.3).it替代从句作主语，用从句做主语的带it的句子很多,常见的有下面几类：Itisapity(ashame,afact,awonder,agoodthing,etc.)thatItisashamethathedidntpasstheexam.Itisstrange(surprising,obvious,true,

20、good,possible,clear,etc.)that。Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace.Itseems(happened,turnedout,etc.)thatItseemedthatthingswerenotastheyexpected.Itissaid(decided,expected,etc)thatItissaidthattheticketshavebeensoldout.4.用作形式宾语。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,ing短语或从句往往用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末,句子重心后移。1)Wefinditdifficulttole

21、arnEnglishwellinsuchashorttime2)Wethinkitnousecryingoverspiltmilk3)Wemadeitclearwhenandwhereweweregoingtohavethemeeting5用于强调句型，即“Itis/was被强调部分that/who/whom+其它”句型之中。使用该句型有以下几点请注意：强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数.ItwasyesterdaythatImetyourfatherinthestreet不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词.Itwasinthestreetthat

22、Imetyourfatheryesterday被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。1)Itwasyourfatherthat/whom/whoImetinthestreetyesterday2)ItwasIthat/whometyourfatherinthestreetyesterday强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。1)Itistheywhoareourfriends2)Itwasnotuntiltenoclockthatwegothomelastnight注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。Itiswasthat为强调句标

23、志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。比较：1)Itwastenoclockwhenwegothomelastnight我们昨晚到家时已十点了。2)Itwasattenoclockthatwegothomelastnight我们昨晚是在十点到家的。第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉itwas和that后，只能组成“Wegothometenoclocklastnight”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when二、常用句型及考点I.形式主语型1.Itisclear(obvious，true，possible，cert

24、ain)that2.Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural)that掌握本句型，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that后的从句应用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)，should可以省去。3.Itisnogood(use)doingsth4.Itisapity(ashame)that本句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should十动词原形)，should可以省去。表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。5.Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that本句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气。6

25、.Itisthefirst(second)timethat7.Itissaid(reported，learned)that8.Itissuggested(ordered)that本句型中的过去分词应该是表示请求、建议、命令等的词，that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should十动词原形)，should可以省略。常译为“据建议；有命令”。9.Ithappens(seems，appears)that10.Ittakessbtodosth11.Itdoesntmatterwhether12.Itiskind(ofsb)todosth本句型中的不定式如果需要逻辑主语，则须要前置介词of，而句型中的形容词必

26、须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，常见的有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty,polite，rude，silly,stupid，wise，wrong等。13.Itisnecessary(forsb)todosth14.Itis(just)likesbtodosth本句型为“某人(恰恰)是样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。例：Itslikehimtoleavetheworktoothers他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。15.Itisuptosbtod

27、osth本句型表示“谊由某人做”。II强调句型Itis+被强调部分+that/who本句型中被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。III其他句型1.Itissince本句型主句中用时间作表语，一般用现在时或完成时，since引导的从句常用瞬间动词的一般过去时态。主句如用一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。2.Itiswhen本句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。3.Itlooks(seems)asif本句型中的asif引导一个状语从句，常译为“看起来好像”。如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气例1Itlooksa

28、sifheisill(真的病了).例2Itlooksasifhewereill(没有生病).Exercises:一单项选择1.Itwasatthegate_hetoldmethenews.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when2.Is_necessarytotellhisfathereverythingA.itB.thatC.whatD.he3.Wasitinthispalace_thelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which4.Is_possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.manC.

29、thatD.it5.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then6.Is_necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he7.Idontthink_possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it8.Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it9.Itwas

30、not_shetookoffherdarkglasses_,Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then10.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but_didnthelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it11._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It12.Is_possibletoflytoth

31、emooninaspaceship?AnowBmanCthatDit13Ourfoodandservicearebetterthan_usedtobe.AitBweCtheyDthem14_appearstome_thereportmustbetruth.AThat;itBIt;thatCIt;itDThat;that15Hefeels_dutytohelpothers.AthatheBthathisCitheDithis16Take_easy.Theroadsareicy.AitBthemCusDyou17TheTVsetsmadeinChinaaremuchbetterthan_inJap

32、an.AthatBthoseCthemDIt18Haveyoufoundthebikeyoulostyesterday?Yes,Ivefound_already.AitBthatCtheoneDthatone19.Imlookingforaflat.Wouldyoulike_with_garden?Ait;theBit;aCone;aDone;the20_was_whoImetinthemuseumthismorning.AIt;himBIt;heCThat;heD.That;him21Itwasinthericefields_wehadourLeaguemeeting.AwhereBthat

33、CinwhichDonwhich22_youcometothepartysolate?AWhyisitBWhyitisCWhyitisthatDWhyisitthat23WereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccidentNo,_onlythetwopassengers_gothurtAtheywere;thatBtherewas;thatCitwas;whoDthereare;who24Idontthink_possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.AthisBthatCitsDit25

34、Itwasnot_shetookoffherglasses_IrealizedshewasafamousfilmstarA.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then26.Itwasnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastsbegan.AwhileBwhichCthatDsince27_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.AThereBThisCThatDIt28Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwith

35、afaceandanhourhandwasmade.AthatBuntilCbeforeDwhen29ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.AuntilBthatCthenDSo30Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.AitBthatCtheseDthem31Whydontwetakealittlebreak?Didntwejusthave_?AitBthatConeDthis32.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_hedied？A

36、thatBWhileCinwhichDThen33.Is_possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship？AnowBthatCitDMan34.Idontthink_possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemoryworkAThisBthatCitsDIt35._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageAThereBThisCThatDIt36.Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwithfaceandanhour

37、handwasmadeAthatBuntilCbeforeDwhen37._computersplaysuchanimportantpartinourdailylife?AWhyitisthatBWhyisitthatCWhywasitthatDWhyisit38.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then39.Is_necessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?A.everyoneB.thisC.herD.it40.Is_possibletoflytothemoon

38、inaspaceship?A.nowB.thatC.itD.man41.Idontthink_possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it42.Sheheardofaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that43.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he44.Does_matterifheca

39、ntfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it45.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but_didnthelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it46.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it47._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It48.Ih

40、opethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_.A.itB.thoseC.themD.one49.Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when50.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them51.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.u

41、ntilB.thatC.thenD.so52.Itistheabilitytodothejob_mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it53.It_youthat_toblame.A.is;isB.is;areC.are;areD.are;is54.Was_thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou55._electricityplayssuchanimportantpartinourlife?A.WhyisitthatB.WhyisitC

42、.WhyitisthatD.Whyisthat56.Itwas_hesaid_disappointedme.A.what;whatB.that;thatC.what;thatD.that;what57.Itwasinthelab_wastakenchargeofbyProfessorHarris_theydidtheexperiment.A.which;thatB.that;whatC.whom;thatD.which;where58.ManypeoplenowmakearuletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbeforeChristmas.A.themselvesB.itC

43、.thatD.this59.Someoneisatthedoor,whois?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he60.Itisrainingcatsanddogs.A.SoitisB.SoisitC.NeitheritisD.Neitherisit二.分析it成分，辨清相似句型。1._iswellknowtousallthattheearthisround._iswellknowntousall,theearthisround.A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.Which2._doesntmattermuchwhetherhellcometotheparty.Ifeel_anhonourt

44、obeinvitedtospeakhere.A.thisB.itC.thatD.what3._nowonderthathehaspassedtheexam._noneedforyoutowaithere.A.TherebeingB.ItwasC.ItisD.Thereis4.Wasitthehouse_AbrahamLincolnwasborn?Wasitinthehouse_AbrahamLincolnwasborn?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.bothAandB5.Itsverykind_youtohelpus.Itsveryimportant_youtokeeptheba

45、lanceofnature.A.forB.ofC.toDwith.6.Itisnogood_suchathing.Itsofnoimportance_suchathing.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done7.Itstimethatwe_toschool.Itisthesecondtimethatwe_toBeijing.A.goB.wentC.havebeenD.havegone8.Itstomorrow_heisgoingtoBeijing.Itwas8oclock_hewenttoschool.A.thatB.whenC.beforeD.since9.Itis3years_hejoinedthearmy.Itwillbe3years_wemeetagain.A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when答案：一单项选择1-30ABADACDDBDDDCBDABACABDADBCDABA31-60CACDDABADCDBCDDBDDAABBBAACABCA二.分析it成分，辨清相似句型。21.CB22.BB23.CD24.BA25.BA26.CB27.BC28.AB29.CA第 16 页 共 16 页