供应链英文(共8页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上供应链英文 1.The definition of Logistics Logistics is the process of strategically managing the procurement, movement and storage of materials, parts and finished inventory (and the related information flows) through the organization and its marketing channels in such a way that current and

2、future profitability are maximized through the cost-effective fulfillment of orders.2.Whats a central theme of this book according to the first paragraph? It is that effective logistics management can provide a major source of competitive advantage in other words a position of enduring superiority o

3、ver competitors in terms of customer preference may be achieved through logistics. 3.Whats the source of competitive advantage?The source of competitive advantage is found firstly in the ability of the organization to differentiate itself, in the eyes of the customers, from its competition and secon

4、dly by operating at a lower cost and hence at greater profit. 4.Two vectors of competitive advantagea.Productivity advantageIn many industries there will typically be one competitor who will be the low cost producer and, that competitor will have the greatest sales volume in the sector.Big is beauti

5、ful when it comes to cost advantage.”。b.Value advantageAn axiom(公理):Customers dont buy products, they buy benefits.It means:The product is purchased not for itself but for the promise of what it will deliver.5.Gaining competitive advantage through logistics1)Value chain can be categorized into two t

6、ypes-primary activities and support activities2)Competitive advantage is derived from the way in which firms organize and perform these discrete activities within the value chain. 3)To gain competitive advantage over its rivals, a firm must deliver value to its customers through performing these act

7、ivities more efficiently than its competitors or by performing the activities in a unique way that creates greater differentiation. 6. Logistics management has the potential to assist the organization in the achievement of both a cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage.7.The underlying phi

8、losophy behind the logistics concept is that of planning and co-ordinating the materials flow from source to user as an integrated system rather than, as was so often the case in the past, managing the goods flow as a series of independent activities.Thus under a logistics management regime（体制） the

9、goal is to link the marketplace, the distribution network, the manufacturing process and the procurement activity in such a way that customers are serviced at a higher level and yet at a lower cost.In other words to achieve the goal of competitive advantage through both cost reduction and service en

10、hancement.8.Supply chain The supply chain is the network of organizations that are involved，through upstream and downstream linkages，in the different processes and activities that produce value in the form of pr oducts and services in the hands of the ultimate consumer.9.Supply chain management The

11、mangement of upstream and downstream relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole.10.Supplier and customer relationship changeIn the past it was often the case that relationships with suppliers and downstream customers were

12、 adversarial rather than co-operative. But all costs will ultimately make their way to the final marketplace to be reflected in the price paid by the end user.The leading-edge companies recognize the fallacy and instead to seek to make the supply chain as a whole more competitive through the value i

13、t adds and the cost that it reduces overall.They have realized that the real competition is not company against company but rather supply chain against supply chain.11.Relationship between logitics management and supply chain1)It must be recogniazed that the concept of supply chain management whilst

14、 relatively new,is in fact no more than an extension of the logic of logitics.Logitics management is primarily concerned with the organization whilst supply chain management recognizes that internal integration by itself is not sufficient.2)Logitics is essentially a planning orientation and framewor

15、k that seeks to creat a single plan for the flow of product and information through a bussiness. 12.Three themes of logistics and supply chain management 1)Responsiveness反应性In todays markets,the supplier has to be able to meet the precise needs of customers in less time than ever before. The key wor

16、d in this changed environment is agility. 2)ReliabilitySignificant improvements in reliability can only be achieved through reengineering the processes that impact performance.A key to improving reliability in logistics processes is enhanced pipeline visibility. 3)RelationshipsMore and more companie

17、s are discovering the advantages that can be gained by seeking mutually beneficial，long-term relationships with suppliers. Relationship is one that will have to prevail in the future as supply chain competition becomes the norm. 13.Elements of customer service 1.Pre-transaction elementsWritten custo

18、mer service policy客户服务策略的书面文件Accessibility易接近性Organization structure组织结构System flexibility系统灵活性.2.Transaction elementsOrder cycle time 订单周期时间Inventory availability 库存可得性Order fill rate订单完成率Order status information订单状况信息Post-transaction elementsAvailability of spares备件可得性Call-out time上门服务时间Product tr

19、acing/warranty产品追踪/保证Customer complaints, claims etc客户投诉、索赔14.How to design Service-driven logistics systems一.Identify customers'service needs1.Identify the key components of customer service as seen by customers themselves.2.Establish the relative importance of those se rvice components to cust

20、omers.3.Identifyclustersof customers according to similarity of service preferences.二.Defining customer service objectivesThe definition of appropriate service objectives is made easier if we adopt the concept of the perfect order. The perfect order is achieved when the customers service requirement

21、s are met in full.The measure of service is therefore defined as the percentage of occasions on which the customers requirements are met in full. 三.Design the logistics system四.Some key areas where standards are essential Order cycle time 订单周期Stock availability 库存可得性Order-size constraints 订单规模限制Orde

22、ring convenience 订货便捷性Frequency of delivery 送货频率Delivery reliability 送货可靠性Documentation quality 送货可靠性Claims procedure 索赔程序Order completeness 订单完整性Technical support 技术支持Order status information 订单状态信息15.Principles of logistics costing1.The system should mirror the materials flow. It should be capable

23、 of identifying the costs that result from providing customer service in the marketplace. 2.The system should be capable of enabling separate cost and revenue analyses to be made by customer type and by market segment or distribution channel.16.How to operate the principlesTo operationalize these pr

24、inciples requires an output orientation to costing.17.How to develop a gobal logistics strategy1)Focused Factories集中生产 By Limiting the range and mix of products manufactured in a single location to achieve considerable economies of scale限制在单一制造点的产品种类和产品组合达到经济规模A number of crucial logistics trade-off

25、s一些重要的物流内部权衡问题Local packs本土化包装 Variety of products产品的多样性Production flexibility生产的灵活性2)Centralization of inventoriesFrom national warehouses to RDCs从国家级别的仓库到区域配送中心Inventory reduction-square root rule减少库存平方根原则Centralized logistics at Lever EuropeLever Europe的集中化物流3)Postponement and localizationAlthoug

26、h the trend to global brands and products continues, it should be recognized that there are still significant local differences in customer and customer requirements. 虽然产品和品牌的国际化趋势与日俱增，但我们必须认识到顾客和消费者的需求还是有明显的地区性差异。Significant local differences明显的地区性差异How to meet local requirementspostponement延迟策略The

27、 advantage of postponement延迟策略Design for localization本土化设计18.Organizing for global logistics1)Structure and control the strategic structuring and overall control of logistics flows must be centralized to achieve worldwide optimization of costs关于组织和全面控制物流的流程，其战略的制定必须更集中化，以达到 全球的总成本最低2)Customer servic

28、e management the control and management of customer service must be localized against the requirements of specific markets to ensure competitive advantage is gained and maintained. 针对特定的市场需求，客户服务的控制和管理必须达到本土化以确保获得和维持竞争优势。3)Out-sourcing and partnership as the trend towards out-sourcing everything exc

29、ept core competencies increases then so does the need for global co-ordination. 除核心竞争力外，企业其他业务的外包趋势逐渐加强，因此对国际间合作协调的要求也越来越高。4)Logistics information A global logistics information system is the pre-requisite for enabling the achievement of local service needs whilst seeking global cost optimization. 在

30、寻求全球成本最优化的同时，要想满足本土化服务的需求，其先决条件就是拥有一个全球物流信息系统。19.The concept of lead time(怎么定义提前期)From the customersviewpointThe elapsed time from order to delivery.从发出订单到收到货物的这段时间。From the suppliers viewpointThe time it takes to convert an order Into cash.从接受订单到收回现金的时间。20.How to control logistics lead times succes

31、sfully? The key to the successful control of the logistics lead time is pipeline management.21.What are the goals of the pipeline management? （1）Lower costs 更低的成本 （2）Higher quality更高的质量 （3）More flexibility 高强的灵活性 （4）Faster response time更快的反应速度22.How to achieve these goals? Manage the supply chain as

32、 an entity and seeking to reduce the pipeline length and/or cost to speed up the flow through that pipeline. 将供应链作为一个整体进行管理，并缩短整个渠道的长度，同时（或者）加速物品在渠道中的流动。To find ways in which the ratio of value-added to cost-added time in the pipeline can be improved. 找到可以提高增值时间与成本增加时间比率的方法。23.The lead-time gap前置时间差

33、The time it takes to procure, make and deliver the finished product to a customer is longer than the time the customer is prepared to wait for it. This is the basis of the lead-time gap.24.How to close the lead-time gap?shortening logistics lead timeMove the customers order cycle closer by gaining earlier warning of requirements through improved visibility of demand.Precursor：前辈，前驱，先锋；前任vertical integration：纵向一体化management of inbound and outbound logistics：进向和去向物流的管理Agility：敏捷pipeline visibility：供应链可视性Procurement：采购Manufacturing：生产专心-专注-专业