英语构词法.ppt

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1、构词法,Word-formation,定义：按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法叫作构词法。,意义：构词知识有助于记忆单词，扩大词汇量，借助词的结构形式，（猜）判定词在句子中的意义和作用，正确理解句子。,英语构词法主要有：转化法、合成法、派生法、混合法、截短法首尾字母结合法,international telephone extremely manned,mankind broadband,lab maths exam,Hi-tech e-mail IT WTO,brunch smog,Affixation (派生)通过加前后缀形成新词,Compounding (合成)由两个或多个词合成另一个词,

2、Abbreviation (缩写) 可以按字母读音或象单词一样读。,clipping (截断法)把一个词的前部分或后部分或前后各截去一部分,Blending (混合)把两个词各取一部分合成另一个词,Conversion (转化)由一个词类转化为另一个词类,Did you book a seat on the plane?,英语主要构词法：,一.转化二.合成三.派生,一.转化.转化词就是由一类词转化为另一类词.Lets go out for a walk.1.动词转化为名词Did you book a seat on the plane?Please hand me the book. She

3、nursed her husband back to health2.名词转化为动词, We will try our best to better our living conditions.3.形容词转化为动词 You should be dressed in black at the funeral.The old in our village are living a happy life.4.形容词转化为名词,二.合成法 把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词的方法 叫合成法。,(1)合成形容词（一定要有连字符）.snow-whiteEnglish-speakingpeace-lovi

4、ngface-to-faceman-madetwo-year-oldfive-storeyedthree-legged high-classnoble-mindedcold-bloodedlight-bluegood-lookingever-greenhard-working,(2) 合成动词ill-treat mass-producesleep-walk(3) 合成副词however downstairsbeforehand(4) 合成代词anybody nobody something,(5).合成介词 inside within into(6).合成名词handwriting gentl

5、eman editor-in-chief合成名词的复数情况A.主体名词变为复数. looker(s)on passer(s)-by son(s)inlaw editor(s)-in-chief brother(s)-in-lawB.没有主体名词的将最后一个词变为复数. grown-up(s)C. 其修饰作用的名词是man, woman的时候前后两个名词都变为复数. a man servant many men servants,三.派生词,派生词是由词根加词缀构成新词, 构成的新词成为派生词.(前缀和后缀)除个别前缀外,前缀一般只改变词的意义, 不引起词类的转化.常见前缀(prefix)有：1

6、. unhappy, dislike, informal, impolite, illegal, non-smoking, irregular1. un, dis, non, in, im, ir, il 等表示“不”,2 . rebuild, rewrite, revisit, 2 . re 表示重新. 3.enlarge, endanger, enable3.en和后面的形容词,名词构成动词.4.prehistory prefix prewar prepare4.pre 表示“之前”5.postwar postgraduate5.post 表示“之后”,6. exit, expand, e

7、xport, exclude6. ex-, 表示“外部” 7. international, interaction, internet7. inter-, 表示“在间，相互” 8. foreward, forecast, forehead, foretell8. fore-, 表示“在前面，” 9. television, telephone9. tele-, 表示“远离”,后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义的变化.常见后缀(suffix)：,1.名词后缀 er/or visitor worker ist artist communist ness darkness happiness tion

8、 attention introduction ment movement judgement hood, childhood, manhood, - ism, socialism, criticism, heroism ity， purity, reality, ability,2 形容词后缀 ful careful hopeful ous curious dangerous able knowable usable y hilly windy ed coloured moneyed-able, comfortable, valuable,movable-ish, foolish, selfish childish-ful, helpful, wonderful, beautiful,3. 动词后缀1) -ize, ise, 表示“做成”， modernize, realize, organize2) -en, 表示“使成为，” quicken, weaken, soften, deepen3) -fy, 表示“使化,” beautify, purify, intensify,4.副词后缀 ly carefully newly greatly,