基础化学术语资料(共14页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上BET公式BETformulaDLVO理论DLVOtheoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophilebalancemethodpVT性质pVTproperty电势zetapotential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadronumber阿伏加德罗定律Avogadrolaw阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrheniusionizationtheory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrheniusequation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrheniusactivationenergy阿马格定律Amagatlaw艾林方程Eryingequation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einsteinslawofph

2、otochemicalequivalence爱因斯坦斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokesequation安托万常数Antoineconstant安托万方程Antoineequation盎萨格电导理论Onsagerstheoryofconductance半电池halfcell半衰期halftimeperiod饱和液体saturatedliquids饱和蒸气saturatedvapor饱和吸附量saturatedextentofadsorption饱和蒸气压saturatedvaporpressure爆炸界限explosionlimits比表面功specificsurfacework比表面吉

3、布斯函数specificsurfaceGibbsfunction比浓粘度reducedviscosity标准电动势standardelectromotiveforce标准电极电势standardelectrodepotential标准摩尔反应焓standardmolarreactionenthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standardGibbsfunctionofmolarreaction标准摩尔反应熵standardmolarreactionentropy标准摩尔焓函数standardmolarenthalpyfunction标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standardmolarGibbsf

4、reeenergyfunction标准摩尔燃烧焓standardmolarcombustionenthalpy标准摩尔熵standardmolarentropy标准摩尔生成焓standardmolarformationenthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standardmolarformationGibbsfunction标准平衡常数standardequilibriumconstant标准氢电极standardhydrogenelectrode标准态standardstate标准熵standardentropy标准压力standardpressure标准状况standardconditio

5、n表观活化能apparentactivationenergy表观摩尔质量apparentmolecularweight表观迁移数apparenttransferencenumber表面surfaces表面过程控制surfaceprocesscontrol表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surfaceexcess表面张力surfacetension表面质量作用定律surfacemassactionlaw波义尔定律Boylelaw波义尔温度Boyletemperature波义尔点Boylepoint玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmannconstant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmanndistrib

6、ution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmannformula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmannentropytheorem玻色爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einsteinstatistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversibleprocess不可逆过程热力学thermodynamicsofirreversibleprocesses不可逆相变化irreversiblephasechange布朗运动brownianmovement查理定律Charleslaw产率yield敞开系统opensystem超电势overpotential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentationpoten

7、tial沉降平衡sedimentationequilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thickdispersesystem催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论monomoleculelayeradsorption单分子反应unimolecularreaction单链反应straightchainreactions弹式量热计bombcalorimeter道尔顿定律Daltonlaw道尔顿分压定律Daltonpartialpressurelaw德拜和法尔肯哈根效应DebyeandFalkenhageneffect德拜立方公式Debyecubicformula德拜休克尔极限公式Deb

8、ye-Huckelslimitingequation等焓过程isenthalpicprocess等焓线isenthalpicline等几率定理theoremofequalprobability等温等容位Helmholtzfreeenergy等温等压位Gibbsfreeenergy等温方程equationatconstanttemperature低共熔点eutecticpoint低共熔混合物eutecticmixture低会溶点lowerconsolutepoint低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetualmachineofthesecondkind第三定律熵third-la

9、wentropy第一类永动机perpetualmachineofthefirstkind缔合化学吸附associationchemicaladsorption电池常数cellconstant电池电动势electromotiveforceofcells电池反应cellreaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperaturecoefficientofelectromotiveforce电动电势zetapotential电动现象electrokineticphenomena电功electricwork电化学electrochemistry电化学极

10、化electrochemicalpolarization电极电势electrodepotential电极反应reactionsontheelectrode电极种类typeofelectrodes电解池electrolyticcell电量计coulometer电流效率currentefficiency电迁移electromigration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndalleffect定容摩尔热容molarheatcapacityunderconstantvolume定

11、容温度计ConstantvoIumethermometer定压摩尔热容molarheatcapacityunderconstantpressure定压温度计constantpressurethermometer定域子系统localizedparticlesystem动力学方程kineticequations动力学控制kineticscontrol独立子系统independentparticlesystem对比摩尔体积reducedmolevolume对比体积reducedvolume对比温度reducedtemperature对比压力reducedpressure对称数symmetrynumb

12、er对行反应reversiblereactions对应状态原理principleofcorrespondingstate多方过程polytropicprocess多分子层吸附理论adsorptiontheoryofmulti-molecularlayers二级反应secondorderreaction二级相变secondorderphasechange法拉第常数faradayconstant法拉第定律Faradayslaw法扬思-帕尼思规则Fajans-Pancthsrule反电动势backE.M.F.反渗透reverseosmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction

13、orders反应进度extentofreaction反应热heatofreaction反应速率rateofreaction反应速率常数constantofreactionrate范德华常数vanderWaalsconstant范德华方程vanderWaalsequation范德华力vanderWaalsforce范德华气体vanderWaalsgases范特霍夫方程vantHoffequation范特霍夫规则vantHoffrule范特霍夫渗透压公式vantHoffequationofosmoticpressure非基元反应non-elementaryreactions非体积功non-volu

14、mework非依时计量学反应timeindependentstoichiometricreactions菲克扩散第一定律Ficksfirstlawofdiffusion沸点boilingpoint沸点升高elevationofboilingpoint费米狄拉克统计Fermi-Diracstatistics分布distribution分布数distributionnumbers分解电压decompositionvoltage分配定律distributionlaw分散系统dispersesystem分散相dispersionphase分体积partialvolume分体积定律partialvolu

15、melaw分压partialpressure分压定律partialpressurelaw分子反应力学mechanicsofmolecularreactions分子间力intermolecularforce分子蒸馏moleculardistillation封闭系统closedsystem附加压力excesspressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlichempiricalformulaofadsorption负极negativepole负吸附negativeadsorption复合反应compositereaction盖?吕萨克定律Gay-Lussaclaw盖斯定律Hesslaw甘汞电

16、极calomelelectrode感胶离子序lyotropicseries杠杆规则leverrule高分子溶液macromolecularsolution高会溶点upperconsolutepoint隔离法theisolationmethod格罗塞斯德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoerslaw隔离系统isolatedsystem根均方速率root-mean-squarespeed功work功函workcontent共轭溶液conjugatesolution共沸温度azeotropictemperature构型熵configurationalentropy孤立系统isolatedsystem

17、固溶胶solidsol固态混合物solidsolution固相线solidphaseline光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律thesecondlawofactinochemistry光化学第一定律thefirstlawofactinochemistry光敏反应photosensitizedreactions光谱熵spectrumentropy广度性质extensiveproperty广延量extensivequantity广延性质extensiveproperty规定熵stipulatedentropy过饱和溶液oversaturatedsolution过饱和蒸气oversatu

18、ratedvapor过程process过渡状态理论transitionstatetheory过冷水super-cooledwater过冷液体overcooledliquid过热液体overheatedliquid亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtzfunction亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtzfunctioncriterion亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtzfreeenergy亥氏函数Helmholtzfunction焓enthalpy亨利常数Henryconstant亨利定律Henrylaw恒沸混合物constantboilingmixture恒容摩尔热容molarheatcapacityat

19、constantvolume恒容热heatatconstantvolume恒外压constantexternalpressure恒压摩尔热容molarheatcapacityatconstantpressure恒压热heatatconstantpressure化学动力学chemicalkinetics化学反应计量式stoichiometricequationofchemicalreaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometriccoefficientofchemicalreaction化学反应进度extentofchemicalreaction化学亲合势chemicalaffinity

20、化学热力学chemicalthermodynamics化学势chemicalpotential化学势判据chemicalpotentialcriterion化学吸附chemisorptions环境environment环境熵变entropychangeinenvironment挥发度volatility混合熵entropyofmixing混合物mixture活度activity活化控制activationcontrol活化络合物理论activatedcomplextheory活化能activationenergy霍根-华森图Hougen-WatsonChart基态能级energylevelat

21、groundstate基希霍夫公式Kirchhoffformula基元反应elementaryreactions积分溶解热integrationheatofdissolution吉布斯杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhemequation吉布斯亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotzequation吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction吉布斯函数判据Gibbsfunctioncriterion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbsadsorptionformula吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy吉氏函数Gibbsfunction极化电极电势polarizationpotentialofelectrode极

22、化曲线polarizationcurves极化作用polarization极限摩尔电导率limitingmolarconductivity几率因子stericfactor计量式stoichiometricequation计量系数stoichiometriccoefficient价数规则ruleofvalence简并度degeneracy键焓bondenthalpy胶冻brothjelly胶核colloidalnucleus胶凝作用demulsification胶束micelle胶体colloid胶体分散系统dispersionsystemofcolloid胶体化学collochemistry胶

23、体粒子colloidalparticles胶团micelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomsonexperiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomsoncoefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomsoneffect焦耳定律Jouleslaw接触电势contactpotential接触角contactangle节流过程throttlingprocess节流膨胀throttlingexpansion节流膨胀系数coefficientofthrottlingexpansion结线tieline结晶热heatofcrystallization解离化学吸附diss

24、ociationchemicaladsorption界面interfaces界面张力surfacetension浸湿immersionwetting浸湿功immersionwettingwork精馏rectify聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulationvalue绝对反应速率理论absolutereactionratetheory绝对熵absoluteentropy绝对温标absolutetemperaturescale绝热过程adiabaticprocess绝热量热计adiabaticcalorimeter绝热指数adiabaticin

25、dex卡诺定理Carnottheorem卡诺循环Carnotcycle开尔文公式Kelvinformula柯诺瓦洛夫吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbslaw科尔劳施离子独立运动定律KohlrauschsLawofIndependentMigrationofIons可能的电解质potentialelectrolyte可逆电池reversiblecell可逆过程reversibleprocess可逆过程方程reversibleprocessequation可逆体积功reversiblevolumework可逆相变reversiblephasechange克拉佩龙方程Clapeyronequa

26、tion克劳修斯不等式Clausiusinequality克劳修斯克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyronequation控制步骤controlstep库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusioncontrolled拉普拉斯方程Laplacesequation拉乌尔定律Raoultlaw兰格缪尔欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwoodmechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuiradsorptionisothermformula雷利公式Rayleighequation冷冻系数coefficientofrefrigeration冷却曲线coolingcurve

27、离解热heatofdissociation离解压力dissociationpressure离域子系统non-localizedparticlesystems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standardmolarformationofion离子的电迁移率mobilityofions离子的迁移数transportnumberofions离子独立运动定律lawoftheindependentmigrationofions离子氛ionicatmosphere离子强度ionicstrength理想混合物perfectmixture理想气体idealgas理想气体的绝热指数adiabaticindexofidea

28、lgases理想气体的微观模型micro-modelofidealgas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermalequationofidealgaseousreactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabaticreversibleprocessequationofidealgases理想气体状态方程stateequationofidealgas理想溶液idealsolutions理想稀溶液idealdilutesolution理想液态混合物perfectliquidmixture粒子particles粒子的配分函数partitionfunctionofparticles连串反应cons

29、ecutivereactions链的传递物chaincarrier链反应chainreactions量热熵calorimetricentropy量子统计quantumstatistics量子效率quantumyield临界参数criticalparameter临界常数criticalconstant临界点criticalpoint临界胶束浓度criticalmicelleconcentration临界摩尔体积criticalmolarvolume临界温度criticaltemperature临界压力criticalpressure临界状态criticalstate零级反应zeroorderre

30、action流动电势streamingpotential流动功flowwork笼罩效应cageeffect路易斯兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randallruleoffugacity露点dewpoint露点线dewpointline麦克斯韦关系式Maxwellrelations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwelldistributionofspeeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistributionofenergy毛细管凝结condensationincapillary毛细现象capillaryphenomena米凯利斯常数Michaelisconstant摩尔电导率molarconductiv

31、ity摩尔反应焓molarreactionenthalpy摩尔混合熵moleentropyofmixing摩尔气体常数molargasconstant摩尔热容molarheatcapacity摩尔溶解焓moledissolutionenthalpy摩尔稀释焓moledilutionenthalpy内扩散控制internaldiffusionscontrol内能internalenergy内压力internalpressure能级energylevels能级分布energyleveldistribution能量均分原理principleoftheequipartitionofenergy能斯特方

32、程Nernstequation能斯特热定理Nernstheattheorem凝固点freezingpoint凝固点降低loweringoffreezingpoint凝固点曲线freezingpointcurve凝胶gelatin凝聚态condensedstate凝聚相condensedphase浓差超电势concentrationover-potential浓差极化concentrationpolarization浓差电池concentrationcells帕斯卡pascal泡点bubblepoint泡点线bubblepointline配分函数partitionfunction碰撞截面coll

33、isioncrosssection碰撞数thenumberofcollisions偏摩尔量partialmolequantities平衡常数（理想气体反应）equilibriumconstantsforreactionsofidealgases平动配分函数partitionfunctionoftranslation平衡分布equilibriumdistribution平衡态equilibriumstate平衡态近似法equilibriumstateapproximation平衡状态图equilibriumstatediagram平均活度meanactivity平均活度系统meanactivit

34、ycoefficient平均摩尔热容meanmolarheatcapacity平均质量摩尔浓度meanmassmolarity平均自由程meanfreepath平行反应parallelreactions破乳demulsification铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universalvanderWaalsequation其它功theotherwork气化热heatofvaporization气溶胶aerosol气体常数gasconstant气体分子运动论kinetictheoryofgases气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamentalequationofkinetictheory

35、ofgases气溶胶aerosol气相线vaporline迁移数transportnumber潜热latentheat强度量intensivequantity强度性质intensiveproperty亲液溶胶hydrophilicsol氢电极hydrogenelectrodes区域熔化zonemelting热heat热爆炸heatexplosion热泵heatpump热功当量mechanicalequivalentofheat热函heatcontent热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemicalequation热机heatengine热机效率efficiencyo

36、fheatengine热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律thesecondlawofthermodynamics热力学第三定律thethirdlawofthermodynamics热力学第一定律thefirstlawofthermodynamics热力学基本方程fundamentalequationofthermodynamics热力学几率thermodynamicprobability热力学能thermodynamicenergy热力学特性函数characteristicthermodynamicfunction热力学温标thermodynamicscaleoftemperat

37、ure热力学温度thermodynamictemperature热熵thermalentropy热效应heateffect熔点曲线meltingpointcurve熔化热heatoffusion溶胶colloidalsol溶解焓dissolutionenthalpy溶液solution溶胀swelling乳化剂emulsifier乳状液emulsion润湿wetting润湿角wettingangle萨克尔泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrodeequation三相点triplepoint三相平衡线triple-phaseline熵entropy熵判据entropycriterion熵增原理pr

38、incipleofentropyincrease渗透压osmoticpressure渗析法dialyticprocess生成反应formationreaction升华热heatofsublimation实际气体realgas舒尔采哈迪规则Schulze-Hardyrule松驰力relaxationforce松驰时间timeofrelaxation速度常数reactionrateconstant速率方程rateequations速率控制步骤ratedeterminingstep塔费尔公式Tafelequation态态反应state-statereactions唐南平衡Donnanequilibr

39、ium淌度mobility特鲁顿规则Troutonrule特性粘度intrinsicviscosity体积功volumework统计权重statisticalweight统计热力学statisticthermodynamics统计熵statisticentropy途径path途径函数pathfunction外扩散控制externaldiffusioncontrol完美晶体perfectcrystalline完全气体perfectgas微观状态microstate微态microstate韦斯顿标准电池Westonstandardbattery维恩效应Wieneffect维里方程virialequ

40、ation维里系数virialcoefficient稳流过程steadyflowprocess稳态近似法stationarystateapproximation无热溶液athermalsolution无限稀溶液solutionsinthelimitofextremedilution物理化学Physical物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption吸附等量线adsorptionisostere吸附等温线adsorptionisotherm吸附等压线adsorptionisobar吸附剂adsorbent吸附量extentofadsorption吸附热heatofadsorption吸附质adsorbate析出电势evolutionordepositionpotential稀溶液的依数性colligativepropertiesofdilutesolutions稀释焓dilutionenthalpy系统system系统点