6. 英语意群、重读、弱读、连读、爆破和语调.ppt
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1、Language is power!Language is power!语言就是力量!语言就是力量! Must I stick it on myself? Must I stick it on myself? Must I stick it on myself?在连贯的话语中,不可能所有的词都同样重要,在连贯的话语中,不可能所有的词都同样重要,必然有些词较为关键,有些词则相对次要一些。必然有些词较为关键,有些词则相对次要一些。一般来说,关键词需要重读,这就是句子重音,一般来说,关键词需要重读,这就是句子重音,而其他词则不必重读。而其他词则不必重读。 名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数名词、实义动
2、词、形容词、副词、数词、指示代词、疑问词和感叹词等一词、指示代词、疑问词和感叹词等一般都重读。般都重读。 而冠词、介词、连词和一般性的代词而冠词、介词、连词和一般性的代词则不重读。则不重读。 What s the matter? The sweater is beautiful. Your book is on the desk. He started counting it. He usually gets up at six oclock. 1. 助动词、情态动词和助动词、情态动词和be动词一般没有句子重音,但在附加动词一般没有句子重音,但在附加句中可以重读,在简答句中则必须重读:句中可以
3、重读,在简答句中则必须重读: He wont do it, will he? No he wont. You can do it, cant you? Yes, I can. You were trying, werent you? Yes, I was. 2. 助动词、情态动词和助动词、情态动词和be动词与动词与not连成一词时要重读:连成一词时要重读: She doesnt like the weather here. I cant speak French。 They arent waiting for us. He isnt a tech nician. 3. be用在一般疑问句句首时
4、,重读与否均可:用在一般疑问句句首时,重读与否均可: Is he a worker? Is he a worker? 比较句中的重音比较句中的重音 在比较句中,重音落在在比较句中,重音落在as或或than后的代(名)词上:后的代(名)词上: This is better than that. John is taller than Bill. Shes as happy as a lark. Hes as sly as a fox. 句子的重音总是要表现说话人的思想和他句子的重音总是要表现说话人的思想和他所要表达的意思的重点。有时为了强调,所要表达的意思的重点。有时为了强调,句子中几乎任何词都
5、可以有句子重音,包句子中几乎任何词都可以有句子重音,包括一些通常没有句子重音的词,这种括一些通常没有句子重音的词,这种依说依说话者意图重读的音就是逻辑重音话者意图重读的音就是逻辑重音。 Are you angry with me? Are you angry with me? Are you angry with me? Did you tell my wife? Did you tell my wife? Did you tell my wife? We heard John talking. We heard John talking. We heard John talking. 英语语
6、调主要有英语语调主要有降调、升调和平调降调、升调和平调三大类。三大类。 不同的语调可以表示说话人不同的态度和不同的语调可以表示说话人不同的态度和不同的隐含意思。不同的隐含意思。 英语中同一句话采用不同的语调会产生截英语中同一句话采用不同的语调会产生截然不同的语意概念。如然不同的语意概念。如“Yes”Yes”。 语调具有强烈的感情色彩,它使语言更富语调具有强烈的感情色彩,它使语言更富有表现力。有表现力。 用于陈述句用于陈述句 I have already read that book. That street is two miles long. 用于特殊疑问句用于特殊疑问句 What has
7、happened to him? Which direction is it to the post office? 注意:注意:特殊疑问句有时可用升调表示请别人重复刚说过的话:特殊疑问句有时可用升调表示请别人重复刚说过的话: What is your major? Where shall we go for the holiday? 用于祈使句用于祈使句 Go back to your seat! Please do not hesitate to contact me. 用于感叹句用于感叹句 What a small world! Oh! My poor Mathilde, how you
8、ve changed! 用于选择疑问句中用于选择疑问句中“or”之后的部分之后的部分 Do you want to ride or walk? Would you like coffee or tea? 用于一般疑问句用于一般疑问句 Do you mind if I sit here? Can you hand in your compositions today? 注意注意:一般疑问句有时也可用降调,表示一种不:一般疑问句有时也可用降调,表示一种不耐烦的口气,或表示命令等。耐烦的口气,或表示命令等。 Are you satisfied? Will you take off your hat,
9、 please? 用于罗列中最后一项之前的各项用于罗列中最后一项之前的各项 For each incomplete sentence, there are four choices marked A , B , C , and D. We study Chinese , history , geography , and English. 用于陈述句,表示疑问、怀疑、未定、猜测或期待等用于陈述句,表示疑问、怀疑、未定、猜测或期待等 Your really want to do it? She might have gone. I think so. 用于置于句首的状语短语或状语从句用于置于句首
10、的状语短语或状语从句 After dinner , I read a magazine and made telephone calls. While you were writing letters , I was reading a book. 用于并列句的第一个分句,表示句子还未说完用于并列句的第一个分句,表示句子还未说完 My fever is gone , but I still have a cough. My major is English , and I like it. 用于委婉祈使句用于委婉祈使句 Excuse me, sir . Can you help me? 用于称
11、呼语用于称呼语 Mrs. Smith , this is Tom Jones. 用于直接引语后,表示话是谁说的用于直接引语后,表示话是谁说的 “We are going to Florida,” she said brightly. “How do you feel, boy?” I asked him. “连读连读”是在是在一个意群内一个意群内进行的,它是在说话较快时进行的,它是在说话较快时自然产生的一种语音连读现象。自然产生的一种语音连读现象。 在同一意群中,在同一意群中,前一词以辅音音素结尾,后一词以前一词以辅音音素结尾,后一词以元音音素开头元音音素开头,在说话或朗读句子时,习惯上很自,
12、在说话或朗读句子时,习惯上很自然地将这两个音素合拼在一起读出来,这种语音现然地将这两个音素合拼在一起读出来,这种语音现象叫象叫连读连读。 连读的条件:连读的条件:相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关,相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关,同属一个意群。同属一个意群。如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。 come out look at take it off beat it drop in put on bend over keep on an orange re
13、ad it one of us half an hour stand up put it on not at all first of all a cup of tea take it easy back in a minute in an hour pick it up an hour and a half let him in A group of people put on their coats and went out. i. i. 英语语音中的英语语音中的/j/j/和和/w/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以半元音,特别是以辅音结尾,后一个
14、词是以半元音,特别是/j/j/开头,开头,此时也要连读。此时也要连读。 ThankyouThankyou. . ii. ii. 音的同化也是一种连读的现象,两个词之间非常音的同化也是一种连读的现象,两个词之间非常平滑的过渡,导致一个音受临音影响而变化。平滑的过渡,导致一个音受临音影响而变化。 t d s z+ j t d s z+ j 要发生音变。要发生音变。辅音辅音tt与与j j相邻时,被同化为相邻时,被同化为tt:t + j t Nice to meetyou. Cantyou do it?Ill letyou know.Is thatyour car?No, notyet.辅音辅音dd与
15、与j j相邻时,被同化为相邻时,被同化为 dd :d + j dDidyou get there lateagain? Wouldyou likea cupof tea? Couldyou help me, please? 辅音辅音ss与与j j相邻时相邻时, , 被同化为被同化为:s + j God blessyou.Canyou dressyourself?I missyou.辅音辅音z与与j相邻时相邻时, 被同化为被同化为:z + j How wasyour vacation?He saysyoure good.如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个
16、词以元音开头,这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。 DoI?Youre ju sohonest.Iam Chinese. Heis very friendly to me. She wants to studyEnglish. Howand why did you come here? She cant carryit. Itll take you threehours to walk there. The question is tooeasy for him to answer. 爆破音爆破音/p/p/,/b/b/,/t/t/,/d/d/,/k
17、/k/,/g/ /g/ 和摩擦音和摩擦音/f/f/,/v/v/,/W/,/W/,其中任意其中任意2 2个相临时,前一个音会轻音化,即由相关的发音器官个相临时,前一个音会轻音化,即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的音。做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的音。 如果这些音如果这些音在词尾,也要轻音化。在词尾,也要轻音化。Si(t) downcontac(t) lensDa(d) told) megoo(d) nightThe girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now. The bi(g) bus fro
18、m the fa(c)tory is full of people. Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. 如果前词尾辅音与后词尾辅音相同,前辅如果前词尾辅音与后词尾辅音相同,前辅音省略。音省略。I was so happy.I have got to go. I have gotta go.(to轻音化为轻音化为ta)Doyou want to dance? do you wanna da
19、nce? (to轻音化为轻音化为na)以辅音结尾的单词以辅音结尾的单词 + h+ h开头的单词,开头的单词,h h不发不发音,与前面的辅音连读。音,与前面的辅音连读。Tellher I missher.What wil(l he) wilido?Ha(s he) zi doneit before?Mus(t he) ti go?Can he ni do it?Should he di .?Tell him to ask her.Lea(ve him) vim.28如果前一个词是以如果前一个词是以-r -r或或-re-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的头,这时的r r
20、 或或re re不但要发不但要发/r/,/r/,而且还要与后面的元音而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。拼起来连读。far away after all for ever a pair of our own there is for example After all, this is our own home.There is a football under it.There are some books on the desk.Here is a letter for you.Here are four eggs.如果一个音节的前后都有字母如果一个音节的前后都有字母r r,即使后面的,即使后
21、面的词以元音开头,也不能连读。词以元音开头,也不能连读。 The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.(nearer与与and不可连读)不可连读) 当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。可连读。 Isit ahat or a cat?(hat与与or之间不可以连读)之间不可以连读) Thereisa good book in my desk. (book与与in之间不可以连读)之间不可以连读) Can you
22、speakEnglish or French? (English与与or之间不可以连读)之间不可以连读)Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet与与 at,eight与与or之间不可以连读)之间不可以连读) She opened the door and walkedin. (door与与and之间不可以连读)之间不可以连读) a block_of flats the corner_of the street a tin_of peas the top_of the mountain a piece_of cake in_a fo
23、reign country a glass_of water an_instant success a cup_of tea such_a short time nice clear_air send_it by mail an_English girl wait_a moment a nice_idea a lot_of noise a visit to_India once_in_a while an_apology a waste_of time made_up_of not_in the least in_America War_and Peace out_of date Out_of
24、 Africa wait_and see Death_on the Nile have_a rest The Wizard_of Oz Alice_in Wonderland times_up a mother_of three Cat_on a Hot Tin RoofWere going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday. What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?Its a very col(d) day, but its a goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in
25、the bi(g) garden. I bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book. I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. -Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don(t) know. The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult. He needs a lot o(f) money. 一个英文单词如果由多个音节构成,那么其中至一个英文单词如果由多个音节构成,那么其中至少有一个音节是重音;如果,音节足够多
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