精品高考英语情态动词用法详解.doc

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1、高考英语情态动词用法详解高考英语情态动词用法详解，想要满分的看过来,我们一起来，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。高考英语情态动词用法详解，想要满分的看过来情态动词的区分 情态动词可以广泛分为四大类。第一类只能做情态动词，包括may、might、must等。第二类既能做情态动词，又能做实义助词，包括need、dare、can等。第三类既能做情态动词，又能做助动词，包括shall、should、will、would等。第四类是指具有情态动词特征的短语，包括have to、used to、ought to等。Can/could通常代表许可的意思，能够广泛用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，而且coul

2、d的表达效果通常要更加委婉。Cannot是指“禁止”，通常用于警告和告示。May/might的意思与can/could相似，用法也没有明显区别，不过其与后者相比大多用于正式文体，通常含有尊敬之意，其中，might较may表达的效果更加委婉，但不是很常用。Shall通常用于表示征求意见，常用于疑问句中。而will/would同样是表示请求，其中would的表达效果更为客气委婉，且大多用于第二人称。Must则是表示必须、必要。情态动词的用法重点学习：will ( would), can (could), may (might)。will 1.客观情形主语自己不能做决定，不要受客观情形支配。如I w

3、ill be 18 years old next month. 下个月我就要18岁了。这里的will和将来时态连用表明是受时间客观规律支配的，不以主观意志来做主的。因此可以和一个词组be going to do 区别开来。be going to do 也是将要的意思，用法和will有很大区别。当be going to do 的主语是人的时候，意思为“打算，计划”;只有当其主语是物的时候才可以和will等同表示马上要发生，但是依然不可以用于表示自然规律的情形。It is going to rain soon.= It will rain soon. 马上就要下雨了。If heated up, i

4、ce will turn into water. 如果加热，冰就会变成水。这是自然现象和规律。不可以使用be going to。自己不能做主，需要争求意见的时候问询别人是否需要本人提供的帮助时。如Will I cook noodles for you? 我给你煮点面吃好吗?2.主观态度 (1)表意愿。 Will you marry me? 你愿意嫁给我吗?Yes,I will. 我愿意。will 的名词意思是意志，意愿，和遗嘱。At will 随心所欲，想怎么样就怎么样。willing就是派生出来的形容词，be willing to do= be ready to do乐意去做。(2)主观判断

5、，表示非常肯定的判断和认同 Boys will be boys. 男孩子毕竟是男孩子。Master will be master. 大师就是大师。(3)表示对能力的估计 Having enough money, I will travel around the world. 如果有钱了，我就可以周游世界了。(4)希望和请求 Will you turn down the TV volume a little bit? 你把电视音量调小点好吗?一般来说，用will原形的时候多用于熟人朋友间，和第一次见面的人说话，要注意礼貌，因此would you turn down the TV volume a

6、 little 更合适。can 1.客观情形 A.主语自己不能做决定，不要受客观情形支配。By the end of next month, we can have learned 2000 words. 到下个月底的时候，我们就会学完2000个词汇了。这里的can和will都可以表示受时间的支配。Water can turn into ice when frozen. 水如果冰冻就会结冰。自然规律和will 一样可以替换。B. 自己不能做主，需要争求意见的时候问询别人是否允许自己是否可以做什么的时候。Can I use your phone?我可以用一下你的手机吗?Yes, you can.

7、 当然可以。No, you cant. 你不能(你不被允许)。此时也可以用may来替换。May I use your phone? 我可以用一下你的手机吗?Yes, you can. 当然可以(注意 回答的时候用can居多)，No, you cant. 此时不可以回答may not.2. 主观态度 (1)意愿。 I can help you if you give me 100 dollars. 如果你给我100元，我就愿意帮助你了。但是这是属于非正式的用法，如果正式场合问询别人意愿的时候还是应该选择will.(2)主观判断，猜测。 A. 把握并非很足的判断 相当于may。This upcom

8、ing exam can be difficult, for the teacher gives us an extra review class on it.马上到来的考试可能会很难，因为老师为了考试给我们加了额外的复习课。此处可以用may取代。B. 用于may 和must 表示猜测时候的否定。(3)表示对能力的估计。 这种能力往往都是先天获得的，或者已经具备很久的。而be able to 表示能力的时候，一般是可以用于具体时态中，而can只有一般时和过去时，而且不和具体时间状语连用。I can sing quite a few English songs. 我可以唱好多英语过去。表示的含义

9、是我学过很多英语歌曲，任何时候都可以唱出来。The candidates are able to have the chance to meet the HR manager after winning the first interview.在初次面试成功后，求职者能够有机会和人力资源的经理见面。此时Be able to 用于具体时刻前。could 希望和请求 和will 一样，和熟人用can, 和陌生人用could更礼貌。Can you give me a hand? 你可以帮助我一下吗?Could you please give me a hand? 您可以帮助我一下吗?(更客气)may

10、 1.客观情形 主语自己不能做决定，不要受客观情形支配。May I come in? 我可以进来吗?No, you cant. 否定形式只可以是cant, 不可以是may not.这是因为：根据词源学(etymology)may 来自于might(权力，权威，威严)。may not 的意思有两个：1. 权威迫使下，不能做2. 表示猜测，表示不可能。2.主观态度。 A. 把握并非很足的判断。It may not be his fault. 这也许不是他的错。B. 严格禁止。may not do= mustnt do = shouldnt doStudents mustnt / may not b

11、ring cellphone into campus. 校园内严禁携带手机。语法 | 情态动词的用法整理，非常实用!情态动词定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。分类：情态动词有四类：只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)具有情态动词特征：have(had) to,used to位置:情态动词

12、在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。I can see you. Come here.我能看见你，过来吧。He must have been away.他一定走了。What can I do for you?我能帮你吗?How dare you treat us like that!你怎能那样对待我们!特点:情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not 。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属

13、非及物动词，故没有被动语态。情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。He could be here soon.他很快就来。We can t carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。I m sorry I can t help you.对不起，我帮不上你。基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体，本身无词义)I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)You

14、 may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：1) 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：We used to grow beautiful roses.I asked if he would come and repair my television set.2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一：They need not have been pun

15、ished so severely.3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式：She dare not say what she thinks.4) 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词：Still, she needn t have run away.5) 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间：Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?She told him he ough

16、t not to have done it.6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用：You should have washed the wound.Well, you shouldn t be reading a novel.用法首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写，读，跑)，而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能，也许，敢)。用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形例句：I can read this sentence in English.我能用英语读这句话。情态动词是一种本

17、身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗?Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗?You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (wo

18、uld),have (to) ,had better.功能助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be;情态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能：1) 构成否定式：He didn t go and neither did she.Th

19、e meeting might not start until 5 o clock.2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式：Must you leave right now?You have been learning French for 5 years, haven t you?3) 构成修辞倒装：Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.4) 代替限定动词词组：A: Who can solve this crossword puz

20、zle?B: Tom can.A: Shall I write to him?B: Yes, do.情态动词的用法要点一. can和could情态动词 用法 例句can/could表示能力(体力、知识、技能)(表示过去有能力用could)1.“I dont think Mike can type.”2.I can speak fluent English now , but I couldnt last year.3.Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)4.Mary can speak three languages.(知识)5.Can you skate?(技能)

21、6.Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。7.Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗?在肯定句中，表示客观可能性，(客观原因形成的能力)。并不涉及具体某事会发生，常用来说明人或事物的特征。要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不用can，需用could，may，might。1. As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.2. Im confident that a solution can be found.3. He can b

22、e very forgetful sometimes.4. I may stay at home this weekend.(实际可能性)5. Peter might come to join us.(实际可能性)6. It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.(实际可能性)7. 7.Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.8. 8.This hall can hold 500 people at least.9. The temperatur

23、e can fall to 60, that is 60 below freezing.气温可降至60，也就是零下60。10. 11.He can?t (couldn?t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。11. 12 You mustn?t smoke while you?re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. (实际可能性)12. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。表示请求和允许。表示请求，口语中常用could代替can，使语气更委婉。用can和 may来

24、回答，不能用could或might。1.Can we turn the air conditioner on?2.Any police officer can insist on seeing a drivers license.3.In soccer, you cant touch the ball with your hands.4.Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?5.I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.6. Could I borrow your

25、dictionary?-Yes, of course, you can.No, I m afraid not/No,you cannt/No,you may not.表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测，主要用在否定句和疑问句中。1. It cant be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.2. Can the man over there be our head master?3.If Tom didn t leave here until five o clock, he can t be home yet. 如果

26、汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。1. Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?2. This cant be true.3. How can you be so crazy.4. 4.Can this be true?5. 5.How can you be so careless!6. 6.This cannot be done by him.7. Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢?8. He can?t (co

27、uldn?t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。9. How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心?10. 特别说明：(1) could用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can(即：could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。如：Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you can.(否定回答可用：No, Im afraid not.)此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。- Could I come to see

28、you tomorrow?- Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. )(2) can和be able to辨析can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式。如：Ive always wanted to able to speak fluent English.Those bags look really heavy, are you sure youll be able to carry them on your own?但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于

29、做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/were able to来表示。could：有潜能，但并未做到这时，was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.I can sing many English songs.我会唱许多英文歌曲。We

30、were able to return to our campsite before the heavy rain.我们在下大雨前设法会到了野营地。He was able to swim across the river and escaped being caught.他游到了河对岸，没有被抓住。在否定句中，can/could与be able to几乎没有什么差别，两者可以互换。例如：She wasnt able to/couldnt cook French dishes.她不会做法国菜。(3) 惯用形式“cannot too”表示“无论怎么也不(过分)”。如：You cannot be t

31、oo careful.你越小心越好。惯用形式“cannot but+ 不定式(不带to)”表示“不得不，只好”。如：I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。二may和might情态动词 用法 例句may/might表示允许、请求。否定回答一般用must not/mustnt,表示“禁止、阻止”之意，但也可以用had better not (最好别)或may not(不可以)，语气较为委婉。 1. May I come in and wait?2. May I smoke here?No, you mustnt(或No, youd bet

32、ter not.)在表示请求、允许时，might比may语气更委婉些。而不是过去式，用May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常用语中，用Can I征询对方意见更为常见。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。或者肯定回答可以用 yes,please. / Certainly.1.Might I borrow your pen?2.I wonder if I might speak to your son.3. Might/ May I smoke in this room?4. - No, you mustnt.5. 4. May/Might I t

33、ake this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. ) You may drive the car. Might I use your pen? No, you mustn t.表示可能性的推测，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意;用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不肯定。1. It may rain this afternoon.2. She might come to join us this afternoon.3. I suppose he might have mis

34、sed the train.4.He may /might be very busy now.5.Your mother may /might not know the truth.may用于祈使句表示祝愿1. May you succeed.。2. May you have many more days as happy as this one.3. May she rest in peace.愿她安息。惯用句式：“may well+ 动词原形”，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于to be very likely to“may as well或might(just)as well+动词原形”意

35、为“最好，满可以，倒不如,不妨 ,”，相当于“had better或there is no reason to do anything else.1. It may well change forever the way you look at Greek art.2. There may well be a real problem here.3. There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.4. You may as well tell us now, well find out sooner or later.5. I suppo

36、se we might as well go home.6. And if you have to plough the field anyway, you might as well plant it at the same time.7.If that is the case, we may as well try.might 间接引语中指过去。表可以。1. He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。二 must和have to情态动词 用法 例句must表示“必须，应该，一定”之意，语气比should，ought to

37、强烈。其否定形式mustnt表示“不准，不应该，禁止”等意.1. You must come to school on time.2. Everybody must obey the law.3. You mustnt drive so fast in the street.4. We mustnt waste any more time.5. I must finish my work today.6. Must I return the book tomorrow?7. 7.The play is not interesting. I really must go now.在回答带有mus

38、t的问句时，否定回答常用neednt或dont have to，表示“不必”，而不用mustnt.1.Must I come back before ten?Yes，you must.(No, you neednt)2.Must we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. (No, you dont have to.)表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是、想必”，只用于肯定句中。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must1. This must be your pen.2. You must be hungry after a walk.3.

39、 There must be a hole in the wall.4. Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best.5. 5.Your mother must be waiting for you now.6. He must be staying there.7. 他现在肯定呆在那里。试比较和第一种用法的区别He must stay there.他必须呆在那。have to也可拼做have got to。8. “必须，不得不”，意义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需

40、要,有被动接受的意思。无疑问句形式，疑问句用must 代替。9. 10. The film is not interesting. I really must go now.11. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.12. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)13. 4. Must I clean all the room?14. 5. I

41、 must go over the test paper again to see if there are any mistakes.我必须再检查一遍试卷看看是否有错误。15. 6. The teacher said that there were many mistakes in my test paper, so I had to go over it again.老师说我试卷中有很多错误，所以我只好再检查一遍。16. must只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，在间接引语中must可用于表示过去时间.而have to则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。17. 18. 7.I

42、had to work hard when I was your age.19. 8.I will have to learn how to use a computer.20. 9.In order to take the exam, well have to finish the whole book by the end of this month .21. 10. told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。22.两者的否定意义不同，mustnt表示“禁止，不许”，dont have to表示不必。1. You mustnt go t

43、here.2. You dont have to go there.四shall和should情态动词 用法 例句shall用于第一，三人称构成的疑问句，表示征求对方意见或请求指示1. Shall I open the window?2. Shall we say 6 oclock, then?3. What shall I get for dinner?4.Shall we begin our lesson?4. 5.When shall he be able to leave the hospital?5. Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗?用于第

44、二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、决心、允诺或威胁。1. Dont worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.(允诺)2. He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告)3. You shall do as I say. (命令)4. If you children dont do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. (威胁)5. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告)6.

45、He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)7. He shall be punished.(威胁)8.You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令)9.You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺)10.He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。(警告)11.Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心)

46、should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to1.What should I do?2.Should I trust him?3.You should read his new book.4. You should go to class right away.5.Should I open the window?You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。You shouldn?t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。表示推测，用在肯定句中，对现在的情况

47、或可能发生的事的主观推测或期待。意为“想必，大概，或许”1. It should be a nice day tomorrow.2. Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.3. He should be around sixty years old.4.The film should be very good as it is starring firstclass actors.这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。5.They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。还可以用在if引导的条件句中，表示一件事

48、听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语用should+动词原形构成，主句都一定用虚拟语气1. Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. (你万一见到汤姆，请让他给我打个电话)2. Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come. (万一我明天有时间，我就过来)3. If things should change suddenly, please let me know. (万一情况突变，请通知我)4. Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你

49、万一见到她，请让她给我打个电话。5. If you should changeyour mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意，请通知我们。6.Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。用于疑问句或感叹句中，表示意外、惊异的情绪，意为“竟会”，与why，what，how，who连用，如果是疑问句。则不需要回答。1. Why should anyone want to marry Tony?2. Dont ask me. How should I know?3.Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚?4. Wher